| 释义 |
Clostridium Biol.|klɒˈstrɪdɪəm|
Pl. -ia.
[mod.L. (A. Prazmowski Entwickelungsgeschichte (1880) 23), f. Gr. κλωστήρ spindle + -ιδιον dim. suffix.]
A large genus of anærobic or micro-ærophilic bacteria that are typically spindle-shaped because of the presence of an endospore, many species of which are pathogenic, and others of which have industrial and other applications; also (with lower-case initial) a bacterium of this genus. Hence cloˈstridial a., pertaining to, caused by, or resembling a clostridium or clostridia.
1884E. Klein Micro-Org. & Dis. x. 81 Clostridium Butyricum or Bacillus Butyricus. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 401/2 Trécul noticed this formation of amyloid substance in Clostridium. Ibid. 402/1 Clostridia, &c., are spindle-shaped. 1893W. R. Dawson tr. Schenk's Man. Bact. i. 4 The cell..becomes spindle-shaped, a form which is known as clostridium. 1900Jrnl. Exper. Med. V. 212 Some [bacilli] resemble diplococci, others have a drumstick form, while others have a central, clostridium-like enlargement. 1909Webster, Clostridial. 1926Gould's Med. Dict. (ed. 8) 338/2 Clostridium, a genus of bacteria differing from bacilli in the fact that their spores are formed in an enlarged part of the cell. 1949H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics II. xxxi. 1019 Penicillin was considerably more active in vitro against clostridia than flavines, sulphones, [etc.]. 1957Observer 3 Nov. 15/4 Our nitrogen-fixing ally clostridium fights eternally for life against actinomycetes. 1959Chambers's Encycl. V. 621/2 Butyl and Iso-propyl Alcohols, Acetone,..used for making synthetic rubber, are produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium, principally C. aceto⁓butylicum. Ibid. XIII. 551/1 Tetanus..is caused by the toxin of the organism Clostridium tetani, which has entered through a wound. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 9 Feb. 102/1 Another type of ‘Baby Pig Disease’ is associated with infection with one of the clostridial group of germs. |