| 释义 |
clothe, v.|kləʊð|
Pa. tense and pple. clothed |kləʊðd|, clad |klæd|. Forms: α. 1 cláðian, 2–4 claþe-n, 3 cloðe-n, (cloþi), 3–4 cloþe-n, 4 clooþe, (clode), 5–8 cloth, (6 clote), 6–9 cloath, -e, 4– clothe. Also north. 3–5 clath(e, 6–9 Sc. claith, claeth. pa. tense and pple. 3– clothed, (north. clathed, etc.). β. (1 clǽðan); pa. tense 4–5 cladde, 3– clad; pa. pple. 4– clad, 4–6 cladd-e, 5–6 clade, 6 ycladd, 6–9 yclad, (7 clod). Forms with e, see clead.
[There are two types of this verb, both rare in OE.: α. OE. cláðian, of which the pa. pple. ᵹecláded for ᵹeclaðed, -od occurs. Hence ME. clāthe, clothe (the former retained in north dial.), inflected clathed, clothed. β. OE. clǽðan, with pa. tense clǽðde, *clædde, whence ME. cladde, clad, and prob. the northern type clethe, cledde, cled (formerly referred to Norse klæða): see clead. The former belongs to a type *klaiþôjan, the latter to *klaiþjan, both f. *klaiþom (or ? klaiþoz-) a cloth. Cf. MHG. and mod.G. kleiden, LG., Du. kleeden, EFris. klêden. ON. had klæða, going with the ON. form of the n. klæði.
Both forms of the pa. tense and pple. have come down to modern use. Clod, occas. found in 16–17th c. was either a late shortening of cloth'd, cloath'd, or a mixture of these with clad. The form yclad, very rare in ME., was revived by the Elizabethan archaists, after whom it has become a ‘Spenserian’ form in later poets.]
1. a. trans. To cover with a garment or with clothing; to provide with clothing; to dress.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark v. 15 Sittende ᵹecladed & hales ðohtes. Ibid. Matt. xxv. 36. Nacod and ᵹie clæðdon vel wriᵹon meh. c1200Ormin 2710 To fedenn hemm & claþenn. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2120 Ioseph was..shauen, & clad, & to him broȝt. Ibid. 2630 And fedde it wel and cloðen dede. a1300Cursor M. 20312 Wel fed & cladd. Ibid. 20121 (Brit. Mus. Add. MS.) App. ii, Naked & hungry sche cloþed & fedde. c1400Destr. Troy 774 Þai cladde hom clenly. 1508Fisher Wks. 259 Commaunded also his seruauntes to cloth hym newe. 1632Quarles Div. Fancies iv. ciii. (1660) 173 Zelustus wears his cloaths, as he were clod To frighten Crowns, and not to serve his God. 1667Milton P.L. x. 219 And thought not much to cloath his Enemies. 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. xxvi, To cloathe all the troops. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 699 The hand that..often toil'd to clothe your little ones.
b. Constr. with, in.
c1340Cursor M. 3675 (Trin.) She..clad him wiþ þo cloþes mete. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 341 Thoo spake this lady clothed al in grene. 1530Palsgr. 488/1, I clothe me in sylke. 1611Bible Prov. xxiii. 21 Drousinesse shall cloath a man with ragges. 1667Milton P.L. x. 216 He clad Thir nakedness with Skins of Beasts. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos I. xli. 356 His keepers clad him in mean..garments.
c. refl.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 53 Heo..claþeð heom mid ᵹeoluwe claþe. c1300Havelok 1354 Sone it was day, sone he him cladde. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. ii. 7 Up he rose, and clad him hastily. a1626Bacon New Atl. 14 To cloath themselves with the skins of Tigers, Bears. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 111 He clad himself with the slave's clothes.
d. To invest with a religious habit: cf. clothing vbl. n. 1 c.
1628in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. (1905) I. 98 She was cloathed in the new monastery at Gand the 25 of November 1626. a1700Ibid. VIII. 11 Mis Elizabeth Poulton was cloathed with her for a lay sister.
2. intr. (for refl.) To clothe oneself or be clothed.
1393Gower Conf. I. 14 The tresor..Wherof the pouer shulden clothe And ete and drinke and house bothe. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iv. ii. 266 Care no more to cloath and eate. 1853Landor Works I. 446 They lie among coral, and clothe in feathers, or are in buff. Ibid. II. 141 He ordered men to take no thought of what they put on, and, indeed, not to clothe at all.
†3. trans. To put on as clothing, to don. Obs.
a1300E.E. Psalter cviii. 18 And malloc [cursing] he cled als wede. 1382Wyclif Ibid., He cladde cursing as clothing. 1388Ibid., He clothide cursing as a cloth. c1400J. Arderne in Rel. Ant. I. 191 He did of al his knyghtly clothings, and cladde mournyng clothes.
4. By extension: To cover or fit out with armour, ornaments, or other things worn on the body.
1382Wyclif Ex. xxxiii. 4 And noon was clothid with his ournyng bi custom. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. ii. 11 In mighty armes he was yclad anon, And silver shield. 1611Bible Ezek. xxxviii. 4 All thine armie, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armour. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 88 Their naked armes are only clothed with Bracelets of silver and yvory.
5. a. To cover (anything) with a cloth or cloths.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 885 Sone watz telded vp a tapit, on trestez ful fayre, Clad wyth a clene cloþe, þat cler quyt schewed. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 252 A fether bed..right wel cled In fyne blacke Sattyn doutremere. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 106 Þe marchall..euell coude his Craft, whan he cloþed þe stede. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. v. (1668) 39 To cloath a horse right. 1703Pope Thebais 607 Embroider'd purple clothes the golden beds.
b. Naut. To rig (a ship, mast, etc.).
1714Lond. Gaz. No. 5235/4 British Sail Cloth..the Royal Navy hath been wholly Clothed with the same, for many Years. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 18 What is meant by clothing the yards? Fitting them with rigging at the yard arms, and slings, etc. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 46 How is a bowsprit clothed?
6. a. transf. To cover as with clothing, or as clothing does.
1382Wyclif Job x. 11 With fel and flesh thou hast clad me. ― Isa. I. 3, I shal clothin heuenes with dercnesses. ― Matt. vi. 30 For ȝif God clothith thus the heye of the feeld.c1400Destr. Troy 1639 Toures..þat were of heght so hoge..þat the clowdes hom clede in vnclene ayre. 1647Cowley Mistress, Clad all in White i. (1669) 13 Thou wilt seem much whiter so, Than Winter when 'tis clad with snow. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. 218 Cover them [the plants] with Glasses, having cloathed them with sweet and dry Moss. 1718J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) II. xviii. §37 Take a lighted Pipe of Tobacco..cloathing it with Paper if it be too hot. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i. v, That portion of the city which clothes the southern bank of the river.
b. Said of vegetation or the like as it covers and furnishes the face of the earth.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 129 Now hath thatempre sonne..clad yt new again. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xvi. (1495) 323 The sonne clotheth and renewyth thouer parte of therth wyth herbes twygges and floures. 1611Bible Ps. lxv. 13 The pastures are cloathed with flockes. 1703Rowe Fair Penit. iii. i, Who clothes the senseless Earth, With Woods, with Fruits, with Flow'rs and verdant Grass. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 156 The land..is well clothed with timber. 1832H. Martineau Demerara i. 2 Coffee plantations clothe the sides of the hills.
c. Leaves and blossoms are said to clothe trees and plants.
1697Dryden Virg. Past. iii. 82 The Trees are cloath'd with Leaves. 1808Scott Marm. i. Introd. 44 Will spring return..And blossoms clothe the hawthorn spray? 1847Tennyson Princ. iv. 89 Delaying as the tender ash delays To clothe herself, when all the woods are green.
7. fig.
a. With immediate reference to the literal sense.
a1300Cursor M. 802 (Cott.) Quen þai sagh ham self al bare, Þat welth and blis had cleþed ar [Gött. In welth and bliss was clad are]. c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 15 A saule þat..es clede in vertus. 1382Wyclif Isa. lix. 17 He is clad with riȝtwisnesse as with an habirioun. 1535Coverdale Ps. cviii. [cix.] 18 He clothed him self with cursynge like as with a rayment. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. xi, Thus he [Man] is also said to be clothed with a Body.
b. To invest or endue with attributes, qualities, or a character.
1611Bible Job xxxix. 19 Hast thou clothed his necke with thunder? 1621W. Sclater Tythes (1623) 88 Cloathed with cœremoniousnesse by the High Priest of our Profession. 1682Bunyan Holy War Pref., With such gravity cloath every page. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. i. (1862) 10 So long as men are clothed with human infirmities. 1866Bryant Death Slavery ii, A glory clothes the land from sea to sea. 1880T. A. Spalding Eliz. Demonol. 39 Spenser has clothed with horror this conception.
c. To endow with power, privilege, or liability; also in Sc. Law, with a husband.
1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 13 The judicial ratifications of women clothed with husbands. 1788T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 493 The clauses..clothing consuls with privileges of the law of nations. 1789Bentham Princ. Legisl. xiii. §1 Cases in which the individual is clothed with great powers. 1827J. Powell Devises (ed. 3) II. 161 That another estate should be cloathed with the same trusts. 1847R. Chambers Pop. Rhymes Scotl. (1858) 221 He was clothed wi' a wife and a wean forbye.
8. a. fig. With reference to putting on or assuming a form or appearance: in early use sometimes ‘to cloak’ under or with an assumed form; in later to represent or embody in a particular form.
1393Gower Conf. I. 62 He [an ypocrite] clotheth richesse as men saine Vnder the simplest of pouerte. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. iii. 336 And thus I cloath my naked villanie With odde old ends, stolne forth of holy Writ. 1604― Oth. iii. iv. 120 So shall I cloath me in a forc'd content. 1646J. Saltmarsh Reasons for Vnitie in Some Drops 128 Though you have cloathed your selfe in their Apologeticall Narration, yet I must deale with you as your self. 1869Trollope He Knew xlviii. (1878) 270 [He] struggled hard, but vainly, to clothe his face in a pleasant smile.
b. To put (thoughts or ideas) into words; to express in (or with).
1671Milton P.R. ii. 65 Some troubl'd thoughts which she in sighs thus clad. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. Pref., Mr. Willughby's voyage which he himself would doubtless have cloathed with better language. 1741Watts Improv. Mind (1801) 212 Clothe those ideas with words. 1771Junius Lett. lxi. 316 Clothe it in what language you will. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Dyer Wks. IV. 212 Cloathing small images in great words. 1850H. Rogers Ess. I. iii. 102 He has clothed the determinate quantities of arithmetic in the universal symbols of algebra.
9. clothe upon or on. In N.T. a literalism of translation: ? to put on over other clothes; but cf. Ger. ankleiden and late L. superinduĕre to put on. arch.
1611Bible 2 Cor. v. 2 Desiring to be clothed vpon [ἐπενδύσασθαι, superindui: Wyclif clothed above, Rhem. over-clothed, 16th c. vv. clothed] with our house, which is from heauen. 1842Tennyson Godiva, Then she rode forth, clothed on with chastity. |