| 释义 |
singlet|ˈsɪŋglɪt|
Also dial. senglet, cinglet.
[f. single a. + -et1, after doublet.]
1. An unlined woollen garment (knitted or woven), now usually close-fitting and worn as an undershirt or jersey. Also attrib.
c1746J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) View Lanc. Dial. (1806) 31 When I..come to grope in my Singlet pocket for my sawt. 1790Grose Prov. Gloss., Singlet, a waistcoat not lined, as opposed to a doublet. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Singlet, an under waistcoat. c1861J. T. Staton Rays fro' th' Loominary 40 Ben Brattles had as good a hert in him..as ever beat below a senglet. 1885Longman's Mag. V. 493 He desired his dresser to strip off his singlet. 1899F. T. Bullen Log Sea-waif 67 My only garments were a flannel singlet and a pair of canvas trousers.
†2. A single sheaf (of grain). Obs. rare.
1778[W. H. Marshall] Minutes Agric. 18 Aug. 1776, For, in case of rain, it [i.e. wheat] is much safer in singlets, than even in shock. 1796― W. Eng. I. 175 Setting up mown corn in singlets..would..be the most eligible practice.
3. a. Physics and Chem. A single line in a spectrum, not part of a multiplet; an atomic or molecular energy level or state possessing (in the case of fine structure) zero electronic spin and orbital angular momenta giving only one value of the quantum number J, or (in the case of hyperfine structure) zero electronic and nuclear angular momenta, giving only one value of the quantum number F; a molecular state in which all electron spins are paired. Freq. attrib.
1920Astrophysical Jrnl. LII. 2 An investigation of the Doppler effect led Stark to the conclusion that the parhelium (singlet) series are due to electronic disturbances in helium atoms which have lost two electrons. 1922Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. CCXXIII. 137 In the arc spectra of the alkaline-earth elements, in addition to triplet series, there are series of singlets and also certain ‘intercombination’ lines. 1928Proc. R. Soc. A. CXVII. 147 The general equations of type (18) apply to ortho⁓helium (considered as a singlet system) as well as par⁓helium. 1934,1937[see intercombination]. 1972DePuy & Chapman Molec. Reactions & Photochem. iii. 33 Molecular states with all electrons paired are called singlet states. 1977Nature 3 Nov. 15/3 A number of papers dealt with experimental techniques, especially interesting were those on the use of dye lasers for excitation of singlet oxygen.
b. Particle Physics. A multiplet (sense b) of one sub-atomic particle.
1937Physical Rev. LI. 119/2 For an element of the mass [formula follows] certain states in which the neutrons are in the doublet, the protons in the triplet state, exactly coincides [sic] in approximation (1) with a state in which the neutrons are in the quartet, the protons in the singlet state. 1961,1962[see octet, octette 3 c]. 1977Nature 21 July 202/1 Before the advent of charm in 1976 all known mesons were found to come in multiplets of 9 (nonets) and all known baryons in groups of 1, 8 or 10 (singlets, octets or decuplets). |