| 释义 |
▪ I. siphon, n.|ˈsaɪfən|
Also 7–8 cyphon, 7– syphon.
[ad. L. sīphōn-, sīpho (cf. prec.), ad. Gr. σίϕων pipe, tube. Cf. F. siphon (1611), Sp. sifon, Pg. sifão, It. sifone.]
1. A pipe or tube of glass, metal, or other material, bent so that one leg is longer than the other, and used for drawing off liquids by means of atmospheric pressure, which forces the liquid up the shorter leg and over the bend in the pipe.
α1659J. Leak Waterworks 6 A Syphon..hath that end which is without the vessell longer then the other. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 306 The Water..forces it self in nature of a Syphon up to the highest Clifts. 1710J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Nat. Philos. (1729) I. 75 If the Water in the Vessel be made to rise up into the Syphon. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 283 The ebb and flow of springs..are likewise to be accounted for on the simple principle of the syphon. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xxiv. 634 Bend a piece of glass tube into a syphon. 1907Hodges Elem. Photogr. 28 A syphon to carry off the contaminated water.
β1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxv. 263 We resolved, instead of a List of Cotton, or the like Filtre, to make use of a Siphon of Glass. 1661― Examen vi. (1682) 72 The passage of water through Siphons. 1745Franklin Lett. Wks. 1887 II. 11, I applied the siphon..to the pipe of a water-engine. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 125 Water will not therefore rise in a siphon, any more than in a pump, beyond the height of 33 feet. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 95/2 The siphon has practically a certain minimum diameter for each liquid.
b. transf. A channel or tube through which water passes on the principle of the siphon.
1744Thomson Autumn 829 Beneath th' incessant weeping of these Drains, I see the rocky Siphons stretch'd immense. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 139 A communication betwixt the caverns that lie one over another, by a kind of natural syphons. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 200 A vertical ‘syphon’ in the embankment of the reservoir composed of well wrought masonry or brick-work. 1878Stevenson Inland Voy. 148 We had to take to the canal..; because, where it crossed the river, there was, not a bridge, but a siphon. 1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xi. 129 The pump then becomes a syphon, the flow of water continues without further pumping.
c. ellipt. A siphon-bottle, esp. one containing aerated water.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2189/2. 1898 G. B. Shaw Plays II. You never can tell 307 Waiter... Scotch and syphon for you, sir? 1905H. A. Vachell The Hill iii, Upon the table were some siphons.
2.
†a. A fire-bucket. Obs.—0
1688Holme Armoury iii. 296/2 A Fire Bucket, (or a Leather Bucket)... This is also called a Syphon, which is a kind of Vessel made of Tanned Hydes to carry Water in, to quench Fire that is raging amongst Dwelling Houses.
†b. (See quot.) Obs.—1
1724Mason in Abridg. Patent Spec., Shipbuilding (1862) 10 A new machine called a siphon or an attracting engine,..composed of two tubes one within the other.
c. A form of tube for milking cows.
1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 468 He..introduces the small tube of the siphon an inch or more into the teat. 1881Shelden Dairy Farming 58/1 A silver ‘syphon’ or ‘milking tube’.
3. Zool.
a. = siphuncle 1.
1822J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 174 The partitions, siphon, &c., of this fossil are those which are to be found in every species of Belemnite. 1858Geikie Hist. Boulder vi. 107 The inner tube that traverses the centre of the chambers from end to end of the shell is called the syphon.
b. A tube-like organ serving as a canal for the passage of water or other fluid; also, a breathing-tube or suctorial organ.
1826Phil. Trans. 353 The Buccinum, when completely buried, is enabled to communicate with the water by its respiratory syphon. 1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 445 A sucker, or siphon,..occupies the place of the mouth. 1872H. A. Nicholson Palaeont. 217 The margins or lips of these orifices are usually drawn out..into longer or shorter muscular tubes,..termed the siphons. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 449 The mid-foot..forms two lobes which usually fuse together, and constitute the siphon.
c. (See quots.)
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 561 In the Desmosticha and Petalosticha a tube—the siphon—arises from the posterior extremity of the oesophagus and lies closely applied to the inner margin of the intestine into which it opens again at or near the end of the inferior coil. 1896tr. Boas' Text Bk. Zool. 137 The so-called siphon, or accessory intestine, is a very peculiar structure occurring in most Echinoids.
4. Bot. One or other of a number of elongated cells which surround the large monosiphonous cell in the frond of certain florideous red algæ.
1889Cent. Dict. s.v. Monosiphonous, Certain of the higher algæ..in which the siphons or pericentral tubes are wanting. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 269/1 The species of Polysiphonia, the ‘siphons’ of which may be regarded as one-celled branches.
5. attrib. In names of apparatus, etc., of which a siphon forms a part, or which involve the principle or use of the siphon, as siphon barometer, siphon bottle, siphon can (sense 2 c), siphon condenser, siphon cup, siphon fountain, siphon gauge, siphon pump, siphon recorder, siphon trap, etc. Also siphon pipe, siphon tube, = sense 1; siphon-shell, a gasteropod having a siphon (3 b); siphon-worm (see quot.).
Descriptions of most of these are given by Knight Dict. Mech. (1875) 2189–90 and Suppl. (1884) 817–8.
1835Penny Cycl. III. 482/2 The *siphon barometer..was early adopted as more convenient than that of Torricelli.
1856Orr's Circ. Sciences, Pract. Chem. 244, I employ a *siphon bottle such as is here represented. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2189/2 An apparatus for filling siphon-bottles with aerated liquids.
1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 468 The milker sits down as in the common method, fixing the *siphon can (pail) firmly between his knees.
1851Official Catal. Exhib. I. 419 *Syphon douche.
1819–24Encycl. Metrop. (1845) III. 388/1 Of the *siphon-fountain. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 47/2 Such are Tantalus's Cup and the siphon fountain.
1819–24Encycl. Metrop. (1845) III. 372/2 The *siphon-gage..differs from the short barometer-gage merely in this circumstance, that [etc.]. 1831Lardner Pneumatics v. 294 The siphon gauge must be regarded as a more direct measure of the elastic force of the air in the receiver than the barometer gauge.
1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 237/2 The whole circle of pipes..is supplied with water..by means of the *syphon pipe.
1873F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xxiii. §5 Sir William Thomson's *syphon recorder actually draws on paper the curves which we have learnt to construct theoretically.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 788/1 The common *siphon trap as used in most sinks and water-closets.
1688J. Smith The Baroscope §74, I shall endeavour to demonstrate it in a *Cyphon-Tube... Take then a Glass Tube [etc.]. 1880Bastian Brain iv. 75 Other bivalves possessing prolongations of the mantle known as siphon-tubes.
1856Eng. Cycl., Nat. Hist. IV. 802 The Sipunculidæ (*Syphon-Worms) have a retractile proboscis, at the base of which is placed the vent.
6. Comb., as siphon-bearing, siphon cleaning, siphon-filling; siphon-like adj. and adv.; siphon-mouthed, siphon-shaped.
1688J. Smith Baroscope §74 Let about a Foot of the other End be turned up, Cyphon-like, in the Form of a Fish Hook. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc. 1120 A family of Crustaceans, comprehending those which have a siphon-shaped mouth. 1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Siphonostomus, having a siphon-like mouth. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2189/2 Siphon-filling Apparatus, an apparatus for filling siphon-bottles with aerated liquids.
▪ II. siphon, v.|ˈsaɪfən|
Also syphon.
[f. siphon n. Cf. mod.F. siphonner.]
1. a. trans. To draw off or bring up (liquid, etc.) by means of a siphon. Const. with advs., as off, out, or with preps., as from, into.
1859Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XX. i. 135 The tolerably clear liquid was syphoned off. 1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 394 It is..siphoned off and a fresh charge put in. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 558 The contents [of the stomach] may be syphoned out.
b. fig. To draw off or from, as if by means of a siphon; to divert. Const. advbs. (chiefly off: spec. illicitly, of money) and preps.
1940E. Wilson To Finland Station ii. i. 75 All the fervor of which they were still capable was siphoned off into the revolutionary army. 1952N.Y. Times 8 Sept. (late City ed.) 45/7 The police said order was gradually restored as the screaming crowd was slowly siphoned out of the stadium. 1955H. Roth Sleeper ix. 69 We are positive he wasn't siphoning out information. 1957Economist 7 Dec. 842/1 If he were to siphon off the more than 20 per cent of the poll which Liberals won at Gloucester and Ipswich..the Tories' majority..would be reduced. 1965H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy (1968) iv. 61 This personal objective [of maximum current earnings] can have a shattering effect on a firm when control is taken over by a person or a group with the explicit aim of siphoning out of the firm most of its liquid..assets. 1976F. Warner Killing Time i. ii. 12 Society depends on the integration of those functions that prostitution siphons off. 1979‘A. Hailey’ Overload iii. xiii. 261 So how about the remainder [of the income of an organization]? The best guess was that Birdsong, who controlled p & lfp totally, was siphoning it off.
2. To empty after the manner of a siphon.
1892Pall Mall G. 15 Feb. 3/1 During this time many gullies and traps have been syphoned, giving free egress for sewer gas.
Hence ˈsiphoning vbl. n.
1895Parkes Health 53 The discharge of one closet may cause the siphoning of the trap of the other. |