| 释义 |
situational, a.|sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl|
[f. situation + -al1.]
Of or pertaining to a situation or situations; dependent on, determined by, or in relation to position, situation, or circumstances. situational analysis, situational logic (see quot. 19772); situational ethics, situational morality = situation ethics, morality s.v. situation 11.
1903Academy 27 June 632/1 As situational drama (if we may coin the term) always is rhetorical. 1927Observer 24 Apr. 14/5 The main defect of this book seems to lie in the way in which literary or dramatic or situational clues are allowed to dictate musical judgments. 1935Jrnl. Philos. XXXII. 650 Psychology has an incontestable claim if it will but stake it out and work it properly. By working at a meaningful level—not of physical stimulus and meaningless sensation—its products will be observable meaningful properties of situational things. 1945K. R. Popper Open Soc. II. xiv. 90 The method of applying a situational logic to the social sciences is not based on any psychological assumption concerning the rationality..of ‘human nature’. 1949M. Mead Male & Female xiv. 286 It [sc. the dating pattern] defines the relationship between a male and a female as situational. 1952Essays in Criticism II. 95 The situational analogies are clear enough by the end of the first episode. 1959J. L. M. Trim in R. Quirk et al. Teaching of English iii. 87 Nouns, principal verbs, adjectives and adverbs are indefinite in number and therefore subject to primarily situational constraints. 1968Meta XIII. 16 Situational meaning reflects the influence of context on utterances. Asking someone about his troubles is likely to produce different responses in a bank and in a hospital regardless of the speaker's intention. 1969Observer 21 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 38/3 As for sin—situational ethics could take care of that. 1972K. R. Popper Objective Knowl. iv. 179 By a situational analysis I mean a certain kind of tentative or conjectural explanation of some human action which appeals to the situation in which the agent finds himself. 1975Language for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) x. 157 It is this ‘situational context’, as a linguist would term it, that calls for improvisation. 1977J. D. Douglas in Douglas & Johnson Existential Sociol. i. 14 Man is fundamentally grounded, situational—existential. 1977in Bullock & Stallybrass Fontana Dict. Mod. Thought 575/1 Situational analysis; situational logic.., an approach to the explanation of social action in which a detailed reconstruction of the circumstances of action (including both objective conditions and the participant's aims, knowledge, beliefs, values, and subjective ‘definitions’ of the situation) is taken as a basis for hypothesizing rational courses of action for the individual involved, through which their observed behaviour may be rendered intelligible. 1978J. M. Gustafson Protestant & Roman Catholic Ethics ii. 48 Rahner's criticisms warned against the radical extension of situational morality. 1980English World-Wide I. i. 3 Relating linguistic to situational factors.
Hence situˈationalism = situationism 2; situˈationalist a., of or pertaining to situation ethics; situˈationally adv., with respect to situation; in a situational manner.
1935Word Study Feb. 1/2 Situationally is a regular adverbial formation from the adjective situational. 1939P. Christophersen Articles 38 The article is of course situationally determined here. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics 191 A sentence is by definition grammatically complete (the alleged ‘incomplete’ or ‘elliptical’ situationally tied sentences are complete in those situations). 1970W. K. Frankena in Pahel & Schiller Readings in Contemp. Ethical Theory 542 Views variously referred to as antinomian,..existentialist, situationalist, or contextualist. 1971N. H. G. Robinson Groundwk. Christian Ethics ix. 242 Nor indeed may we expect any other out⁓come, unless..the logical successor to Bonhoeffer is to be found either in secularization or in situationalism. 1977J. D. Douglas in Douglas & Johnson Existential Sociol. i. 60 There are other reasons why we see experience as necessarily problematic, as necessarily free and situationally contingent. 1977J. M. Johnson in Ibid. v. 161 This extreme situationalism is perhaps best illustrated by Zimmerman and Pollner's (1970) discussion of the occasioned corpus. 1979Guardian 9 June 10/3 Since the Bible was written in a very different age from ours, its commands must be interpreted situationally. |