| 释义 |
cognitive, a.|ˈkɒgnɪtɪv|
[ad. L. type cognitīv-us, f. cognit-, see above, -ive.]
Of or pertaining to cognition, or to the action or process of knowing; having the attribute of cognizing. (See also quot. 1956.)
1586T. B. La Primand. Fr. Acad. i. (1594) 22 Plato saith, that there are three vertues in the soule belonging to knowledge and understanding..called cognitive or knowing vertues: namely, reason, understanding, and phantasie. 1692South Serm. (1697) I. 260 Unless the Understanding imploy and exercise its cognitive, or Apprehensive Power. 1803Edin. Rev. I. 257 A minute analysis of the cognitive powers of man. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. (1865) I. 227 The two acts, severally cognitive of mind and matter. 1850McCosh Div. Govt. (1852) 258 The simple cognitive faculties, which give us the knowledge of really existing individual objects; as Perception..Self-consciousness. 1909Westm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 4/1 Three different aspects—cognitive, affective, conative—proper to every instinctive process. 1948Poetry Dec. 158 Cognitive, pert[aining] to the thought element of the poem, as opposed to either the emotive or the conative (willing) elements. 1948E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning i. 13 The preference of the contemporary association theorist for a reaction psychology (laying emphasis upon movements) as over against a cognitive psychology (emphasizing perception-like and idea-like processes) learning with understanding or learning under cognitive control. 1952T. Parsons Social System 7 The most elementary and fundamental ‘orientational’ category..seems to be the ‘cognitive’ which..may be treated as the ‘definition’ of the relevant aspects of the situation in their relevance to the actor's ‘interests’. 1954W. K. Wimsatt Verbal Icon. I. 23 The main drift of his argument is that emotive ‘meaning’ is something noncorrelative to and independent of descriptive (or cognitive) meaning. 1956J. O. Urmson Philos. Analysis 171 The same question arises even when metaphysics is denied cognitive meaning only. ‘Cognitive’ is used to mean ‘empirically verifiable or else analytic’.
Add:b. Special collocations: cognitive science, the science of cognition or intelligence, the study of the cognitive processes involved in the acquisition and use of knowledge.
1975Bobrow & Collins (title) Representation and understanding: studies in *cognitive science. 1977Cognitive Sci. I. 1 Recently there has begun to grow a community of people from different disciplines, who find themselves tackling a common set of problems in natural and artificial intelligence. The particular disciplines from which they come are..cognitive and social psychology, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, educational technology, and even epistemology... This discipline might have been called applied epistemology or intelligence theory, but someone on high declared it should be cognitive science. 1983Listener 10 Feb. 29/1 Some hopes are pinned on a new kind of hybrid known as ‘cognitive science’. 1985H. Gardner Mind's New Sci. i. 6, I define cognitive science as a contemporary, empirically based effort to answer long-standing epistemological questions—particularly those concerned with the nature of knowledge, its components, its sources, its development, and its deployment.
hence cognitive scientist.
1980Cognitive Sci. IV. 1 *Cognitive scientists as a whole ought to make more use of evidence from the neurosciences, from brain damage and mental illness, from cognitive sociology and anthropology, and from clinical studies of the human. 1985H. Gardner Mind's New Sci. iii. 39 Contemporary theoretical talk among ‘card-carrying’ cognitive scientists amounts, in a sense, to a discussion of the best ways of conceptualizing mental representations.
▸ cognitive therapy (also cognitive behaviour therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy) Psychol. a type of psychotherapy in which unrealistically negative patterns of thought about the self and the world are challenged in order to alter unwanted behaviour patterns or treat mood-related psychiatric disorders such as depression.
1970A. T. Beck in Behavior Therapy 1 184 *Cognitive therapy, the more recent entry into the field of psychotherapy, and behavior therapy already show signs of becoming institutionalized. 1989S. D. Hollon in T. M. Field et al. Stress & Coping across Devel. 236 It is logically possible that cognitive therapy works, when it works, by deactivating depressive schemata but not altering their basic nature. 2004Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 Dec. 1 GPs have known for some time that treatments such as cognitive behaviour therapy are effective but unfortunately the availability of specialists in many parts of the country is such that they are effectively unavailable. |