| 释义 |
▪ I. coin, n.|kɔɪn|
Forms: α. 4–7 coyne, 4–8 coyn, (5 cune), 6–7 coine, 6– coin. β. 4–6 coygne, 5–6 coigne; see also coign. γ. 6 quoyne, qwyne, qwoyne, 7 quoin; see also quoin. δ. For the Sc. forms, see cunye.
[a. F. coin wedge, corner; also die for stamping money or medals; ‘also, a coyne, or stamp, vpon a piece’ (Cotgr.). (So called, because the die had the form or action of a wedge.) F. coin ‘wedge’, in OF. also coing, cuigne = Pr. cunh, conh, Sp. cuño, Pg. cunho, It. conio:—L. cune-um (nom. -us) wedge. Godefroy has also Anglo-Fr. coigne fem., the ‘coin’ with which money is struck, and coined money.
Formerly spelt indifferently coin, coign, quoin (with many variations); but the spelling coin, though still occasional in all senses, is now appropriated to the sense ‘money’; in the senses ‘wedge’, ‘corner-stone’, etc., the spelling is generally, though not always, quoin; coign is retained in the Shaksperian phrase ‘coign of vantage’, and is occasional in that of ‘wedge’.]
I. Wedge, corner, angle.
1. A corner-stone of a wall or building; also, one of the wedge-shaped stones of an arch. Now usually quoin; cf. coign 2. Hence † coin-stone.
1350in Riley Lond. Mem. (1868) 262, 600 de coynston. 1428in Heath Grocer's Comp. (1869) 6 Ashler, coyne, skew, ragge. 1556in Worth Tavistock Par. Acc. (1887) 24 To heue to Coynes in the Styple. 1581Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 489 This lye beyng as it were the coyne of the whole buildyng. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. iv. 1 See you yond Coin a' th Capitol, yond corner stone? 1751C. Labelye Westm. Br. 77 The Coins or Voussoirs or Arch-Stones. 1767W. L. Lewis tr. Statius' Thebaid x. (R.), Hurling down The coins and beams compacted. 1843Portlock Geol. 671 Basalts..relieved by limestone or freestone coins.
†2. gen. A corner, angle. Obs.
1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankinde Hhh 4 The ryghte coygne or angle of the wombe. 1601Holland Pliny I. 110 Acantium, built by the Rhodians, in another coine or canton of that coast. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry v. i. (1611) 240 The coins or corners of their..different Colours doe all meet in the Center of the Shield. 1632Lithgow Trav. x. 502 The Lyon, red, and rag'd, two times diuided From coyne to coyne, as Heraulds haue decyded. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 14 Be careful not to plant any trees in the coines or angels of your walls.
†3. A wedge; spec.
a. one placed between casks on board ship (see cantic a.);
b. in Gunnery, one used for raising and lowering pieces of ordnance;
c. in Printing, one for locking up type in a forme. Now usually written quoin, less commonly coign; see these.
1600Holland Livy xxxvii. xxxi. 963 Resembling the forme of a wedge or coin. 1622F. Markham Bk. War iii. ii. 86 Coins with which to raise up the breech of the peece. 1678Phillips, Coins..also pieces of wood that Printers make use of to fasten the Letters into the Frames. 1692in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ii. xxii. 135 Stop the Motion of the Piece with a Coyne. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Cantique Coins, which are short, and having three Edges, they are used in a Ship to put between Cask and Cask to keep them from rowling one against another in the Hold. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 167 Like what seamen call a gunner's coin or wedge.
d. Comb. † coin-formed, wedge-shaped.
1600Holland Livy xl. xl. 1085 The Celtiberians..cast their companies into a pointed and coin-formed battaillon [cuneo].
II. A die, stamp, piece of money.
†4.
a. A die for stamping money; a mint.
b. The device stamped upon money; stamp, impress. Obs.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iv. 112 Bere no seluer ouer see þat bereþ signe of þe kyng [v.r. þat coyn of kyng schewith], Nouþer Grotes ne gold I-graue with the kynges Coroune [v.r. wiþ kinges coyn]. 1393Ibid. C. ii. 46 God askede of hem whas was þe coygne. 1512Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 19 § 14 Silver and havynge the prente of the Coigne of this realme. 1559in Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 394 The Lords of Scotland..removed to Lithgow, where they..will set up a coin, saying, they shall coyne a good part of their plate. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. ii. (1876) 60 Why doe Kynges..stricke these mettalles..with a Coyne? 1682Dryden Medal 144 The Stamp and Coyn of their adopted Lord.
5. A piece of metal (gold, silver, copper, etc.) of definite weight and value, usually a circular disc, made into money by being stamped with an officially authorized device; a piece of money.
c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 1112 Though the coyn be fair at eye. 1483Cath. Angl. 86 A Cune of y⊇ money, nummisme. 1579Fulke Confut. Sanders 651 The image of Cæsar on his coyne. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. vii. 56 A coyne that beares the figure of an Angell. 1661T. Mun Eng. Treasure (1664) 77 More Bullion and forraign Coines. 1694R. L'Estrange Fables 161 Agreed..that such and such forms of civility, like some adulterate Quoins, shall pass current for so much. 1838Murray's Handbk. N. Germ. 35/1 A series of Japanese coins and medals. 1862Ruskin Munera P. (1880) 62 These exchanges..might have been all effected with a single coin.
6. (without pl.) Coined money, esp. that in circulation or current; specie, money.
In slang use this has passed into ‘cash, money generally’, as in ‘I haven't the coin to do it’.
1393Gower Conf. II. 138 To-fore the time er gold was smite In coigne. 1406Hoccleve Misrule 133 Lak of coyn departith compaignie. 1530Palsgr. 487 He hath clypped the kynges quoyne. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 5 A proclamacion for the new qwyne that no man should speak ill of it. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xlvi, Coine is the sineus of warre. 1735Berkeley Querist §475 Wealth is really power, and coin a ticket conveying power. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 695 The manufacturers generally contrived..to pay their workmen in coin. 1874Hotten Slang Dict. 124 ‘To post the coin’..a sporting phrase meaning to make a deposit of money for a match of any kind. 1904G. V. Hobart Jim Hickey ii. 35 Wouldn't we be a nice pair of turtles to stand around with coin in our jeans and see a nice girl..getting the ice? 1926J. Black You can't Win vii. 82 I'll get the coin on that junk in an hour. Ibid. ix. 104 You put me in the hole for some coin.
7. a. fig.
a1569A. Kingsmill Confl. Satan (1578) 4 A faire tongue with a foule heart is false quoyne. 1671Milton Samson 189, I learn..How counterfeit a coin they are who ‘friends’ Bear in their superscription. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. i. i. (1866) 7 Words are..the coins of intellectual exchange. 1865Swinburne Poems & Ball., A Litany 66 Not with fine gold..But with coin of sighs.
b. Phr. to pay any one in his own coin: to treat him as he has treated others; to give him tit for tat.
a1618Raleigh Apol. 70 For us to defend our selves and pay them with their owne Coyne. 1690J. Mackenzie Siege London-Derry 32/1 The Besieged..repay them from the Walls in the same coyn. 1713Guardian No. 72 If they pay the slanderer in his own coin. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. iv. 200 He was but paying off Hugh and William in their own coin.
8. Comb., as coin-fancier, coin-spinning, coin-stamp, coin-tester, coin-type; coin-assorter, a device for assorting coins according to size or weight; coin-balance, a delicate and accurate balance for weighing gold coins; coin-box, a receptacle for the coins in a coin-operated telephone or the like; hence, a coin-operated telephone, or a kiosk containing such a telephone; also attrib.; coin-catcher, a surgical instrument for extracting a swallowed coin; † coin-cormorant, one greedy for money, an avaricious person; coin-counter, a device to facilitate the counting of coins; † coin-courser, a money-changer; † coinye-house (cunye-), Sc. a mint; coin-in-the-slot, used attrib. of a machine, etc., operated by the insertion of a coin, or of its products; coin-made a., made of or by means of coin; in quot. ‘mercenary, or simoniacal’ (Davies); coin-operated a., of a machine, etc., operated by a coin; abbrev. coin-op., used as adj. and n., esp. of an automatic launderette or dry-cleaning establishment; coin-purse chiefly U.S., a purse designed especially to hold coins; † coin-smiter, a coiner q.v.
1906Ann. Rep. Amer. Teleph. & Telegr. Co. 5 Prepayment *coin boxes..have been provided. 1960Times 31 Oct. 14/7 A portable coin-box telephone will reach every bed. 1968‘A. Gilbert’ Night Encounter xi. 171 It was a funny sort of call... From one of those coin boxes, so it couldn't be your friend from London. 1969Guardian 4 July 18/6 Minimum charges for telephone calls from coin boxes will be cheaper when decimal currency is fully introduced in 1971.
1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instr. 288 Probang, Œsophageal, with *coin-catcher. 1903Daily Chron, 27 Nov. 8/6 The doctor.. passed the coin-catcher down his throat, but the child struggled so that the catcher broke, and was also swallowed.
1594J. Dickenson Arisbas (1878) 55 These *Coyne-cormorants, these Money-mongers.
1652Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 212 A knot of Scotish bankers, collybists, or *coine-coursers.
1886O. W. Holmes Mortal Antip. Introd. 2 A *coin-fancier would say..just enough of antiquity to spot them with rust.
1559–66Hist. Estate Scotl. in Misc. Wodr. Soc. (1844) 63 The Lords of the Congregation had taken the printting goods of the *coinye-house.
1904Daily Consular Rep. (U.S.) 12 Aug. 8 A new application in Australia of the principle of the *coin-in-the-slot machine. 1958Times Rev. Industry June 76/2 A ‘juke-box’ or coin-in-the-slot record player. 1960Times 10 June 22/5 Coin-in-the-slot devices dispense soap and detergent. 1961New Left Rev. Jan.–Feb. 48/1 Coin-in-the-Slot Television..is, culturally, a dangerous formula.
1613Davies Muse's Teares 13 (D.) *Coyne-made Pastors let the flock decay.
1960Times 10 June 22/5 A ‘*coin-op.’ store..can be set up for an outlay of between $10,000 and $15,000 for the equipment. 1961Guardian 8 Mar. 8/4 The next of these round-the-clock ‘coin-ops’ is expected to be opened in Glasgow. 1969Guardian 22 Feb. 14/1 & 3 Of all the schemes for getting rich quickly, the coin-operated launderettes have proved the most durable. Ibid., A man who was..opening up a coin-op laundry. Ibid., A coin-op which fails to get enough business is in a very dangerous position.
1960Times 10 June 22/4 *Coin-operated, self-service laundries, the first of which recently opened its doors in Britain, are a familiar part of the American scene today.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 1000 Paragon Patent Folding *Coin Purse... This purse will hold $10.00 in silver. 1967K. Giles Death in Diamonds ii. 30 Choffy Ingleby wrote me an address and gave a key. These I placed in a coin purse.
1884St. James's Gaz. 5 Dec. 6/1 At *coin-spinning the game generally played is ‘odd man wins’.
1850J. Leitch Müller's Anc. Art §97. 65 The arts of engraving precious stones and *coin-stamps.
Ibid. §406. 546 The inventors of Roman *coin-types.
1872Yeats Growth Comm. 367 A company..inspected by an official, the *coin-tester.
▸ In pl. One of the four suits in a pack of playing cards of a type originating in Spain or Italy, and in some tarot packs; = money n. 5.
1844Tioga (Wellsboro, Pa.) Eagle 14 Aug. 1/1 Diamonds, carreaux..or Spanish cards: dineras, or coins. 1896Catal. Old Playing Cards (Sotheby's) 19 Picquet Cards. Spanish-French, by Jean Volay, Clubs, Cups, Coins and Swords. 1903Burlington Mag. 3 237/2 The four suits represent the four estates of the realm—the spade (swords) represent the nobility;..the denari (coins) the civil order or commercial classes [etc.]. 1969V. Bartlett Past of Pastimes ix. 110 In the Spanish and Italian packs, the suits were represented by cups, swords, coins (or rings) and batons (or clubs), and these four emblems are shown in the four hands of the Indian deity, Andhanari. 1982R. Davies Rebel Angels (1983) ix. 224 She divided the pack into five smaller packs, and these were the Coins, the Rods, the Cups, and the Swords, set at four corners; in the centre was the pack containing the twenty-two Higher Arcanes. 2005L. Merritt Sermons on Little-known Gods vii. 41 Karik complained steadily about the Spanish cards in their suits of swords, batons, cups and coins.
▪ II. coin, v.1|kɔɪn|
Forms: 4–7 coyne, 6–7 coine, 7 coyn, 7– coin. Also 4–6 coygne, coigne, 6 Sc. coignie; 6 qwyne, 6–7 quoyne, 7 quine. See also the Sc. form cunye.
[a. OF. coignier, cungner to ‘strike’ or stamp money, to mint, to coin (still in Cotgr.), f. coin stamp, die, coin. In English, with the changed sense of the n., the notion, when analysed, became ‘to make coin, make into coin’.]
1. a. trans. To make (money) by stamping metal.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 239 Þe kynge's side salle be þe hede & his name writen; Þe croyce side what cite it was in coyned & smyten. 1393Gower Conf. II. 83 To coigne the money Of sondry metal. 1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 198 Nobles coigned of recorde. 1494Fabyan Chron. an. 1280 (R.) The kynge caused, in siluer, the halfe⁓peny to be coygned..farthingis of syluer were also coygned. 1577Harrison England ii. xxv. (1877) i. 364 King Edward the first did first coine the penie and smallest peeces of siluer roundwise, which before were square. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 434 All the Cantons of Switzerland coyn money except Appenzel, etc. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. ix. 564 The right of coining money was never allowed in England, even to the greatest nobles.
b. transf. and fig.
1593Drayton Eclogues iv. 88 This framed the Mint, that coyn'd our miserie. a1742Bentley (J.), Can we be sure that this medal was really coined by an artificer.
c. fig. to coin money (mod. colloq.): to gain or ‘make’ money rapidly and with ease.
1863Fr. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 105 For the last four years..I literally coined money.
2. a. To make (metal) into money by stamping pieces of definite weight and value with authorized marks or characters; to convert into coin.
c1400[see coined]. a1483Pol. Poems (1859) II. 286 That alle the sylver..Thether schold be broȝtthe and yconyd there. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1865) 45 Esterlinges, whiche refyned and coyned the silver. 1683Col. Rec. Penn. I. 84 He recd any Silver of Charles Pickering to Quine for him. 1866Crump Banking x. 226 Tin was coined by Charles II, in 1684; gun metal and pewter by his successor, James.
b. intr. (for refl.) To undergo coinage.
a1700Dryden Epick Poetry, Metal..so soft that it will not coin without alloy to harden it.
c. fig. To turn into money, make money out of or by means of.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. iii. 90 Poore? Looke vpon his Face: What call you Rich? Let them coyne his Nose, let them coyne his Cheekes. 1843tr. Custine's Empire of the Czar I. 180 The man who is not free is coined; he is equivalent..to ten roubles a year to his proprietor. 1850W. Irving Goldsmith xxi. 229 He coined the brains of his authors in the times of their exigency.
3. transf.
a. To stamp officially (tin blocks of standard weight).
[1577see coinage 4.] 1875Ure Dict. Arts III. 1007 The law requires them [tin-blocks] to be stamped or coined by public officers, before being exposed for sale.
b. To shape or alter the physical properties of (metal) by the application of heavy pressure.
1940J. D. Jevons Metall. Deep Drawing viii. 253 A common industrial practice is to..‘coin’ the finished shape between suitable dies under a drop-stamp. 1960Machinery XCVII. 485/2 Inner races are coined at a similar press set-up.
†4. To stamp, to figure in or on a coin. Obs.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. iv. 45 [They] that do coyne heauens Image In stamps that are forbid. 1630Donne Serm. Job xvi. 17–19 (1640) 130 That Emperour [Constantine]..was coyned Praying.
5. fig. (from 1.)
a. To make, devise, produce.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 356 This Letter beeing coyned, hee studyed how hee myght conueie it. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 78 So shall my Lungs Coine words till their decay. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 86 And how good Verse is coin'd, dost understand. c1800K. White Lett. (1837) 203, I myself have, however, coined time.
b. esp. in a bad or depreciatory sense: To fabricate, invent, make up (something specious, pretentious, or counterfeit).
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xviii. (1634) 705 These fellowes unseasonably coyne a mystery. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 311/2 Giue them selues leaue, to quoyne newe articles of faith. 1589–97Greene Ciceronis Amor Poems (1861) 312 With that she coin'd a smile. 1695tr. Colbatch's New Light Chirurg. Put out p. vi, Whatever excuse he is able to coin. 1780[Sir H. Croft] Abbey of Kilkhampton (1786) 83 Slander often coins the lie. 1837Disraeli Venetia i. xii, He would coin a smile for the instant. 1862Ruskin Munera P. (1880) 85 To coin idle imaginations of the mysteries of eternity.
c. spec. To frame or invent (a new word or phrase); usually implying deliberate purpose; and occasionally used depreciatively, as if the process were analogous to that of the counterfeiter.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. (Arb.) 259 Young schollers not halfe well studied..when they come to their friends..will seeme to coigne fine wordes out of the Latin. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iv. §2 Taking liberty to coin and frame new terms of art..to avoid circuit of speech. 1666Dryden Pref. Ann. Mirab. (Globe) 41 If a Roman poet might have liberty to coin a word. 1750Harris Hermes Wks. (1841) 195 There is..no method to express new ideas, but either this of metaphor, or that of coining new words. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Watts, He is particularly unhappy in coining names expressive of characters. 1856Max Müller Chips (1880) II. xvi. 22 The name of father was coined at that early period. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxv. 555 No new words are coined in French from a Teutonic mould.
d. to coin a phrase, an expression commonly used ironically to introduce a cliché or a banal sentiment.
1940F. B. Young Mr. Lucton's Freedom ii. v. 182 It takes all sorts to make a world, to coin a phrase. 1950G. Hackforth-Jones Worst Enemy i. 59 You look (to coin a phrase) ‘in the pink’. 1962N. Marsh Hand in Glove iv. 127 Who, to coin a phrase, would have thought of meeting you?
6. fig. (from 2.)
a. To form, fashion, or convert into (as metal is made into coin).
1627P. Fletcher Locusts i. xxxvii, Shall these mortals..Coyne into thousand arts their fruitfull braine. 1835Lytton Rienzi i. viii, I have coined my whole soul into one master passion. 1841–4Emerson Ess. Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 74 The air was coined into song.
b. with notion of fashioning into something valuable, or specious.
a1720Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) I. 16 Mere common counters of the sense..A lover's fancy coins into a treasure. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. cxiii, I have not..coin'd my cheek to smiles.
†7. absol. To feign, dissemble. Obs. rare.
1607Tourneur Rev. Trag. i. i, Vind. Here comes our Mother. Hip. And sister. Vind. We must quoyne.
▪ III. coin, v.2|kɔɪn|
[a. F. coignier (3 sing. coigne) ‘to put in a corner’ (Godef.), ‘to wedge, to fasten with a wedge, to drive hard or knock fast in, as with a wedge’ (Cotgr.). Etymologically, the same word as prec. (the primary sense of both being ‘to wedge, to strike’); but not consciously connected with it in Eng. Now usually written quoin.]
†1. trans.
a. To furnish with ‘coins’ or quoins, i.e. wedges.
b. To drive in as a wedge.
c. To raise or lower with a quoin. Obs.
c1488Liber Niger Edw. IV in Househ. Ord. (1790) 74 All other crafte for the rackinge, coynynge, rebatinge, and other salvation of wynes. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Coigner, to coyne in, to drive in. 1598Barret Theor. Warres v. iv. 137 Coynes for the breech of euery peece, to coyne it vp or downe.
2. To provide with quoins or corner-stones.
1700–10C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 67 Adorned with brick pillars Coyn'd wth stone and stone heads. 1839Stonehouse Axholme 254 The original building was of brick, coyned with great ashlar stones.
▪ IV. coin
a mod. Dict. spelling of ME. coyn, quince.
▪ V. coin, coine
(Irish Hist.): see coynye. |