| 释义 |
▪ I. colon1|ˈkəʊlən|
[a. L. colon, a. Gr. κόλον food, meat, the colon. The form κῶλον found in MSS. is metrically incorrect (e.g. Aristoph. Eq. 455) and arose from confusion with κῶλον a limb or member (Lidd. and Sc.). Cf. F. colon.]
1. Anat. The greater portion of the large intestine, extending from the caecum to the rectum. It ascends by the right kidney (right lumbar colon or ascending colon), passes below the liver to the spleen (transverse colon), and descends to the left kidney (left lumbar colon or descending colon), whence it extends (as the sigmoid flexure, or left iliac colon) to the commencement of the rectum. † Formerly, popularly, the belly or guts; to feed or satisfy colon: to appease hunger.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xlii. (1495) 158 The thyrde grete gutte highte Colon..is joyned fast to the nether openynge of all the body. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The fyrste hyght Esac, the seconde Colon. 1622Massinger & Dekker Virgin Martyr iii. iii, Mine eyes..curse my feet for not ambling up and down to feed Colon. 1631Heywood Maid of the West ii. iv. Wks. 1874 II. 393 What trick have you to satisfie Colon? 1656S. Holland Zara (1719) 8 Our Champions..Colon cramm'd with an accustom'd vacuity. 1670Phil. Trans. V. 2097 One Colon or Colick gut. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 306 A calculus, weighing several ounces, found in the colon of a horse. 1842E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. 516. 1872 Huxley Phys. vi. 150.
b. Entom. The second (usually wider) portion of the intestine of an insect.
1836–9G. Newport in Todd Encycl. Anat. II. 971/2 s.v. Insect, It [the stomach] then is continued backwards as a long ilium and terminates in a muscular banded colon without a distinct rectum. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. 409. 1888 Rolleston & Jackson 139.
▪ II. colon2|ˈkəʊlən|
[a. L. cōlon, a. Gr. κῶλον limb, member or clause of sentence, portion of strophe.]
‖1. In Gr. Rhetoric and Prosody, a member or section of a sentence or rhythmical period; hence in Palæography, a clause or group of clauses written as a line, or taken as a standard of measure in ancient MSS. or texts. pl. cola.
1589[see 2]. 1882W. Blades Caxton 126 The Greek grammarians..called a complete sentence a period, a limb was a colon, and a clause a comma. 1883J. R. Harris in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. IV. 151 From Suidas we find that when the στίχος forms a complete clause it is known as a colon. Ibid. 152 The methods employed in breaking up the text of Demosthenes into cola and periods. Ibid., Colon-writing is sometimes accompanied by colometry.
fig.a1658Cleveland Poems, Against Sleep 19 Sleep! the Days Colon, many Hours of Bliss Lost in a wide Parenthesis.
2. A punctuation-mark consisting of two dots placed one above the other [:] usually indicating a discontinuity of grammatical construction greater than that marked by the semicolon, but less than that marked by the period. pl. colons.
Its best defined use is to separate clauses which are grammatically independent and discontinuous, but between which there is an apposition or similar relation of sense. Thus it may introduce an antithetic statement, an illustration, extract, etc. But ‘its use is not very exactly fixed; it was used before punctuation was refined, to mark almost any sense less than a period’ (J.). It is also employed to divide prose into metrical periods for chanting.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. iv. [v.] (Arb.) 88 The auncient reformers of language, invented, three manner of pauses..The second they called colon, not a peece but as it were a member for his larger length, because it occupied twise as much time as the comma. 1616Bullokar, Colon, A marke of a sentence not fully ended which is made with two prickes. 1684H. More Answer 60 This plainly is not perfect sense..unless you take away the Colon. 1748J. Mason Elocut. 24 A Comma Stops the Voice while we may privately tell one, a Semi Colon two; a Colon three: and a Period four. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., Others say, a colon is to be used when the sense is perfect, but the sentence not concluded. 1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 403 The Colon is used to divide a sentence into two or more parts, less connected than those which are separated by a semicolon. 1882W. Blades Caxton 125 [Caxton] employed three points, the comma, the colon, and the period or full point.
▪ III. ˈcolon3 rare.
Also 7 colone.
[a. F. colon:—L. colōn-us, f. colĕre to till.]
1. A husbandman.
1606G. W[oodcocke] tr. Hist. Ivstine Gg 5 a, His father was a Colone or tenant to the famous Senat Aurelius. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1676) 22/2 To see..a country colone toil and moil. 1808J. Barlow Columb. i. 737 To aid the colon's as the carrier's toil, To drive the coulter and to fat the soil.
2. A colonial settler or farmer, esp. one in a French colony.
1957Economist 12 Oct. 139/1 An old love that makes the Algerian colon's hair stand on end. 1961G. Greene In Search of Character i. 29 Drinks at the Governor's: a simple kindly couple quite free from the vices of colons. 196120th Cent. Mar. 241 Unpleasant things were done by British colons in Kenya.
▪ IV. † colon4 Obs.
[ad. F. colonne: cf. collon, colonne]
= column (of mercury).
1765Spry Barometer in Phil. Trans. LV. 84 The small bowl at the top..renders it far less liable to break by the mercury's ascent, the bowl giving it an immediate expanse from the colon. |