| 释义 |
▪ I. slavery, n.|ˈsleɪvərɪ|
Forms: 6–7 slauerie, 6–8 slaverie, 7 slauery, 7– slavery.
[f. slave n.1 + -ery. Cf. MDu. slaverie (Du. slavernij), LG. slaverei (Da. slaveri, Sw. slafveri), G. scl-, sklaverei († skl-, schlaverey).]
1. Severe toil like that of a slave; heavy labour, hard work, drudgery.
1551Robinson More's Utopia ii. v. (1895) 161 In this hal, all vyle seruice, all slauerie,..is done by bondemen. 1603Owen Pembrokeshire (1891) 43 Digginge of Coles, and other slaueryes and extreame toyles. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 34 Asses which they use..to carry Packs,..and any other Slavery. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 65 To give them continual Waterings..is a very great Slavery and Expence. 1897Daily News 13 Sept. 6/7 Such people..ought never to keep servants, but do their own slavery.
†2. Conduct befitting a slave; ignoble, base, or unbecoming behaviour. Obs. rare.
1553Wilson Rhet. 73 But if an officer..should vse any slauerie, we are much more greeued. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. (1586) A vj, If there bee anie..which seeketh to..benefit himselfe by flatterie, by briberie, by slauerie.
3. The condition of a slave; the fact of being a slave; servitude; bondage.
1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 138 Being taken..And sold to slauery. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 9 Seeing the gain by their slavery is more aim'd at than the conversion of their souls to Christ. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. II. xlvi. 36 Their slavery is, in my opinion, no worse than servitude all over the world. 1841Spalding Italy & It. Isl. I. 211 A barbarian killing his wife and himself to escape slavery. 1863Mill in Sat. Rev. 302 Foremost among all things which injure and dishonour a country stands the personal slavery of human beings.
b. fig. The condition or fact of being entirely subject to, or under the domination of, some power or influence.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 114 The redemption of all y⊇ world..from the slauerie of sinne. 1644Milton Education 3 Instilling their barren hearts with a conscientious slavery. 1724Watts Logic (1736) 223 This is..as shameful a Slavery of the Soul. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xix, If you will not release yourself from the slavery of these fears. 1855H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. ii. (1878) 68 The slavery to chance is a worse evil than slavery to authority. 1873Hamerton Intell. Life x. x. 393 A kind of slavery—a minute obedience to the clock.
c. A state of subjection or subordination comparable to that of a slave; also with pl., an instance of this.
1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. v. ii, No hope of end To our infamous monstrous slaueries. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. iv. i. ii, 'Tis a wonder..what slavery King Henry II. endured for the death of Thomas à Beckett. a1700Evelyn Diary 17 June 1683, The extream slavery and subjection that courtiers live in. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. iv. Wks. 1761 III. 74 All government without the consent of the governed, is the very definition of slavery. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 208 The feeling which pervaded the native states, their anxiety to be rescued..from the miserable slavery to which they had been reduced.
4. The fact of slaves existing as a class in a community; the keeping of slaves as a practice or institution.
1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Slave, As Slavery was not abolished by the Gospel, the Custom..lasted a long Time. 1764Burn Poor Laws 122 The notion of slavery was not unknown to our laws, so early as the reign of king Edward the sixth. 1832H. Martineau Demerara ii. 22 Why, then, has there been slavery in all ages of the world? 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xix. 188 On this abstract question of slavery there can, as I think, be but one opinion. 1873Spencer Stud. Sociol. vi. 143 Slavery, under which..certain men held complete possession of others.
personif.1794Coleridge To La Fayette, Slavery's spectres shriek and vanish from the ray! 1880E. Kirke Life Garfield 53 There lies Slavery, a black marble column at the head of its grave.
5. attrib., as slavery-fetters, slavery question, etc.
1824Batavian Anthol. 103 While on our friends No slavery-fetters hang. 1851Carlyle Sterling i. xii, There are Blacks, and the Slavery Question to be investigated. 1860Lowell Election in Nov. Prose Wks. 1890 V. 40 The demand of the slavery-extensionists.
▪ II. slavery, a.|ˈslævərɪ|
[f. slaver n.1 + -y1.]
Like slaver; befouled with slaver; characterized by slaver; given to slavering.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iii. xlvii. (1869) 160, I am foule, old, and slavery. 1646in Jubilee of W. Orr (1880) 11 For calling one of ye elders a mansworne slaverie loun. 1730Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 453 A constant weeping of a thin slavery Liquor. 1845S. Judd Margaret i. vi, Thrusting his slavery lips close to her ear. 1895Kipling 2nd Jungle Bk. 234 He drove the dholes..from yells to hoarse slavery ravings. |