| 释义 |
communion|kəˈmjuːnɪən, -jən|
Also 4–5 co(m)munyoun, 4–6 -on(e, 6 commonion.
[a. F. communion, or ad. L. commūniōn-em, mutual participation, fellowship, in Augustine ‘church communion’ and ‘the communion of the holy altar’; f. commūnis common. (With reference to the possibility that the latter was derived from com- + ūnus, cf. ūnio, -ōnem, oneness, union.)]
1. Sharing or holding in common with others; participation; the condition of things so held, community, combination, union.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. ix. 20 The comunyoun of deth wite thou [Vulg. communionem mortis scito]. c1530Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 33 Yf thei be merchauntes, dyvision of heritage is bettyr than commvnion. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. i. iii. 46 They attribute..hospitalitie to the Brittanes, communion of all things to the Normans. 1737Waterland Eucharist 272 By Communion, the Apostle certainly intended a joint-Communion, or participating in common with others. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 150 In France there was no public credit, no communion of interests. 1865Grote Plato I. i. 52 Having no communion of nature with other things.
2. Fellowship, association in action or relations; mutual intercourse.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 87 b, The Communion is a felowship or a commyng together, rather latine than englishe. 1592West Symbol. i. i. §22 Contractes of propertie are buying or selling..of communion, societie. 1611Bible 2 Cor. vi. 14 What communion hath light with darknesse? 1816Byron Prisoner of Chillon xiv, My very chains and I grew friends, So much a long communion tends To make us what we are. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. i. 8 The Latin franchise..placed its possessor in a state of subordinate communion with the Roman people.
b. Religious fellowship, spiritual intercourse.
c1600Hooker (J.), The angels..having with us that communion which the apostle to the Hebrews noteth. 1642Rogers Naaman To Rdr., In these latter our union and communion with God consists. 1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts (1739) 582 It is in the Communion of the Sacrement, as it is in the Communion of Prayers. 1781Cowper Retirement 747 Divine Communion..must fill the void. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. §9. 34 There may have been seasons when communion with God has become a consciousness of His Indwelling. 1876J. Norris Rudim. Theol. i. 15 Between man and God we are unwilling to use the familiar term ‘intercourse’, communion is the more reverent word, but it means the same thing.
c. Intimate personal converse, mental or ideal; communing. (In poetry or elevated prose.)
1800Wordsw. Poems on naming Places iii, She who dwells with me, whom I have loved, With such communion, that no place on earth Can ever be a solitude to me. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 30 He lives with antiquity in the sweet communion of studious retirement. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 51 That health of body and soul which ever rewards a close communion with Nature.
†d. Action in partnership, common action.
1614Raleigh Hist. World (J.), Men began publickly to call on the name of the Lord; that is, they served and praised God by communion, and in publick manner. 1796Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 92 Our account of the war, as a war of communion..was a war of disaster and of little else.
3. The fellowship or mutual relation between members of the same church, or of bodies which recognize each other as branches of the Church Catholic (said to be ‘in communion with’ each other; members are also said to be ‘in communion with’ the church).
The phrase communion of saints has been used both in this and in sense 4: cf. communing vbl. n.
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋238 Contricion..restoreth.. to the compaignye and communyon of hooly chirche. c1394P. Pl. Crede 817 The communion of sayntes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 218 b, The seconde [poynte] is, that there is communyon of sayntes. 1687Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 411 The inhabitants in and about London in communion with the establisht church. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th C. I. v. 209 By this Word, Communion, we are to understand the mutual Love of Christians, and Conformity of their Manners. 1839J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. Pref. (1847) 11 Churches planted by the Apostles, with whom it was in full communion. 1853Trench Less. Proverbs 125 The communion of saints, their communion not with one another merely..but..their communion with Him, who is the friend of all good men. 1879A. W. Haddan Apost. Success. in Ch. of Eng. iii. 60 That the..ungodly Churchman should be still in outward communion with the Church.
†b. letter of communion: a certificate of church membership. Cf. 8 and communicatory letters s.v. communicatory a.
1697in T. W. Marsh Early Friends Surrey & Sus. xiii. 118 Whereas our Deare friend William Penn is Intended to pass over into Ireland this Meeting Desires William Garton and Josiah Garton to draw a letter of Communion and send it unto him.
4. An organic union of persons united by common religious faith and rites; a church or denomination; the organized body professing one faith.
1565Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 21 In this sense S. Hierome called S. Augustine a Bishop of his Communion: that is, of his Faith, of his Minde, of his Doctrine, of his Religion. 1573R. Barnes Wks. 246 Wee beleeue..that holy church is a communion or felowshypp of holy men. 1642–3Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1751) V. 134 That I have in my Army some of the Romish Communion, I do not deny. 1700J. A. Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo II. 314 It is not allowable to kill or hate a Man of a different Communion. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 570 The Scotch minister..according to the rules of his communion. 1875Hamerton Intell. Life xi. i. 398 The clergy of their respective communions.
5. Of things: Community or association of functions, common relation.
1538Starkey England ii. ii. 178 The communyon betwyx them [i.e. body and soul] also to be of that sorte that they dyseasys of the one redunde to the othir. 1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. iii. 47 These parts are called Homogeneall..in respect of their Magneticall nature, and communion. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. ii. iii. 90 The communion of Nerves and Vessels. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 437 To dissever the soul from the communion of the body. 1878Foster Phys. iii. ii. 407 A certain amount of functional communion between the two sides, so that when one retina is stimulated both pupils contract.
6. Intercourse, communication.
1614Raleigh Hist. World (T.), The Israelites had never any communion or affairs with the Ethiopians. 1692Ray Dissol. World iii. (1732) 19 No Intercourse or Communion with the superior or external Air. 1869Gladstone Juv. Mundi iii. 95 Words..transported bodily out of the Greek into the Latin tongue after literary communion had begun.
7. Participation in the Christian sacrament of the Lord's Supper; also, the sacrament itself as administered or observed, the Eucharist; in some phrases, as to take, deliver, receive the communion, it becomes more or less concrete. (Also Holy Communion, communio sancti altaris, Augustine.)
communion in one kind, communion in both kinds, half communion, etc.: terms relating to the dispute whether the laity should receive one or both elements in the communion. close communion or strict communion, free communion or open communion: among Baptists, a division on the question of admitting to the Lord's Table persons who have not received baptism in accordance with Baptist principles.
[1382Wyclif 1 Cor. x. 16 The cuppe of blessynge the which we blessen, wher it is not the comenynge [Tind. & Cranm. partakynge, Genev. & 1611 communion (Revised a c.), Rhem. communication, Vulg. communicatio, Gr. κοινωνία] of Cristes blood? and the breed which we breken, wher it is not the delynge or part takynge [ 1388the takyng, Tindall & Cranmer partetakyng, Genev. & 1611 communion (Rev. a c.), Rhem. participation, Vulg. participatio, Gr. κοινωνία] of the body of the Lord? ]c1440Promp. Parv. 89 Communyone sacrament, communio. 1492in Archæol. Jrnl. (1888) XLV. 155 A pair of chalice of silver for the communion. c1500in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1846) II. 327 Oon after an other..shall offer an host and wyne..for theyr communion. 1548Order of the Communion, Proclam., To come to this holy Sacrament and most blessed Communion..Rubr. 1 Before he shall minister the Communion. Rubr. 2 Disposed to be partakers of the Communion. Rubr. 5 Those that are minded to receive the holy Communion. Rubr. 9 The Priest shall deliver the Communion first to the Ministers. 1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 256 Whyle certeyne of the Christians were at the communion. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 4 We goe..to our Parishe Churche, where we heare our Curate, and receave the blessed Communion. 1631Rutherford Lett. xiv. (1862) I. 67 Unacquainted with the day of our Communion. 1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. (1671) 371 The half-communion is by the Council of Constance affirmed to be different from the institution of Christ. 1737Waterland Eucharist 28 Communion. The Sacrament is so called, because of the Communion we therein hold with Christ and with each other. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. 15 Communion in both kinds was certainly usual at this time. 1883Addis & Arnold Cath. Dict. s.v., At every Mass the celebrant is bound to communicate, because his communion is necessary for the completion of the sacrifice..The communion of the people is in no way essential, either to the integrity or lawfulness of the sacrifice. 1886Blunt Dict. Sects 65/1 Particular Baptists..are subdivided into two sections on the question of free or strict communion..the ‘strict’ or ‘close communionists’ admitting to the Lord's Supper only those who have been baptized as adults.
†b. = communion service. Obs.
1552Bk. Com. Prayer, Ord. Deacons, Then shalbe song or sayed the Communion of the day. 1555Bale in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xxxix. 108 They mock the rehearsal of Gods commandments, and of the epistles and gospels in our Communion, and say, they are misplaced. 1575in W. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 368 Y⊇..Burgesses..shall yearly procure a communion or sermon to be made.
c. (See quots.)
1853Rock Ch. of Fathers IV. 42 While the Eucharist was being distributed to the people, the choir sang the whole or part of a psalm, called, from that circumstance, the ‘communion’. 1883Addis & Arnold Cath. Dict., Communion, the antiphon which the priest says after the ablutions, at the Epistle side of the altar. Formerly it used to be sung, while the people communicated: hence the name.
8. attrib. and Comb. (almost exclusively referring to 7), as communion bread, communion day, communion office, communion place, communion platter, communion service, communion Sunday, communion time, communion wine, etc.; † communion board, a communion table (cf. board n. 6); communion-cloth, a cloth used at the celebration of the Communion, esp. a cloth for the communion table; see also quot. 1866; communion-cup, a cup used for the wine at the communion: a name preferred by the Puritans in England to chalice; communion letter = letter of communion (see 3 b); communion-rail, the rail in front of the communion table in some churches, the altar-rail. Also communion table.
1588Allen Admon. 14 The Idoll of her prophane *communion borde. a1631Donne Serm. IV. lxxxvi. 99 The religion of the church holds a stubborne Recusant at the table, at the Communion-board as far from her as a Recusant at the Pew.
1605T. Sparke Brotherly Perswas. (1607) 10 The order of Geneua touching their *communion bread.
1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 49 An ore-worne *Communion-cloth. 1866Direct. Angl. (ed. 3) 353 Communion cloth or Houseling cloth is a white linen cloth spread over the rails at the time of the Communion, or is held for the Communicants by acolytes or other ministers.
1642–3Earl of Newcastle Declar. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) V. 137 Their Chalices or *Communion Cups (let them [the Parliamentarians] call them what they will).
1683Apol. Prot. France ii. 14 A young Maid..had stole herself into the Congregation upon a *Communion-day.
a1711Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 135 He no *Communion-Letters could pretend, Which mov'd the Angel Entrance to suspend.
1721Strype Eccl. Mem. III. xxxi. 243 They thought it not convenient to have the Ten Commandments, the Epistles, and Gospels repeated in the *Communion Office.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 572 The height of the pilasters in the *Communion-Place is 22 feet 6 inches.
1847Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life II. iii. 97 Knelt by the *Communion-rails of Westbury Church.
1827Gentl. Mag. XCVII. ii. 487 This part of the Ante-*Communion Service is now so commonly omitted on Sundays.
1878H. C. Adams Wykehamica, The next day was *Communion Sunday.
1552Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion, The Table hauyng at the *Communion tyme a fayre white lynnen clothe vpon it. |