| 释义 |
community|kəˈmjuːnɪtɪ|
Forms: 4–5 comunete, comynetee, -unite, -unyte, -unnete, comminite, 6 communytee, 6–7 -itie, 6– community.
[a. OF. com(m)uneté, com(m)unité:—L. commūnitāt-em, f. commūn-is common. ME. had two forms, the trisyllabic comunete, comounté (see commonty), and the 4-syllabic co(m)munité, which remained in closer formal connexion with the original Latin type. The L. word was merely a noun of quality from commūnis, meaning ‘fellowship, community of relations or feelings’; but in med.L. it was, like universitas, used concretely in the sense of ‘a body of fellows or fellow-townsmen’, ‘universitas incolarum urbis vel oppidi,’ and this was its earlier use in English: see II.]
I. As a quality or state.
1. a. The quality of appertaining to or being held by all in common; joint or common ownership, tenure, liability, etc.; as in community of goods.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. viii. (1634) 51 By community of power, he is the author of them. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 123 The community of the mischiefe to all. 1624–47Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 161 One allows plurality, or community of Wives. 1645Ussher Body Div. (1647) 285 Anabaptists, that hold community of goods. 1673Lady's Calling Pref. 1 To rescue the whole sex..from the community of the blame. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. iii. (1865) 257, I have a community of feeling with my countrymen about [Shakespeare's] Plays. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 314 It was a community of studies, and a community of skill. 1875Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xxi. (ed. 5) 392 A state whose strength lies in the community of interests and feelings among its members.
†b. Right of common. Obs.
1630R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 79 Every Neighbour claimeth communitie to feed his Cattell.
2. Common character; quality in common; commonness, agreement, identity. † nothing of community: nothing in common. community of interest: identity of interest, interests in common (spec. in Finance).
1587Golding De Mornay ii. 18 Men, who ought euen naturally to be vnited, by the communitie of their kind. 1624Wotton Archit. in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 21, I will first consider their Communities and then their Proprieties. Their Communities are Principally three. First they are all Round, etc. 1671Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants §47 The Communities and Differences of the Contents of Vegetables. 1843Wordsw. Pref. Note to Excursion Wks. 409/2 The points of community in their nature. 1876M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma 154 The community of character which pervades them all. 1878Morley Carlyle 165 Community of method, like misery, makes men acquainted with strange bed-fellows. 1883J. R. Seeley Expans. Eng. i. 11 There are..three ties by which states are held together, community of race, community of religion, community of interest. 1889E. Bellamy Looking Backward (ed. 17) xiii. 107 The sense of community of interest, international as well as national. 1930Economist 23 Aug. 359/1 The old [French] system of ‘community of interest’ (a system based on direct loans and other financial factors). 1934Webster, Community of interest, any arrangement, as ownership of controlling amounts of stock by friendly interests, which insures permanent harmony of policy and management between different enterprises, without actual lease or consolidation. 1955Times 9 May 8/6 Increased cooperation within the Balkan pact would establish a useful example of a fruitful and lively community of interest among peoples.
3. Social intercourse; fellowship, communion.
1570T. Norton tr. Nowel's Catech. (1853) 196 While God reigneth by his Spirit in us, men have a certain community with God in this world. c1610Women Saints 182 There is no reason or law, that they should have any communitie or fellowship with vs. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. xvii. 63 Such gross..Corruptions in a Church would force the most serious Believers to forsake the Community thereof. 1818M. W. Shelley Frankenst. ix. (1865) 130 There can be no community between you and me; we are enemies.
4. Life in association with others; society, the social state.
1652Shirley Brothers iv. i, Confined To cells, and unfrequented woods, they knew not The fierce vexation of community. 1712Steele Spect. No. 522 ⁋1 [Marriage] is the foundation of community, and the chief band of society. 1880Hyde Clarke in Nature 203 The dog, either in community (commonly called wild) or in the domesticated state.
†5.
a. Commonness, ordinary occurrence. Obs.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 77 Seene but with such Eyes, As sicke and blunted with Communitie, Affoord no extraordinarie Gaze, Such as is bent on Sunne-like Maiestie. 1604Drayton Owle 155 Happie's that sight the secret'st things can spye, By seeming purblind to Communitie. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 340 The community of this fruit [the apple].
†b. Common character, vulgarity. Obs.
1605Bloudy Bk. B iij, Under this title of honor..to maske his deedes of vice..and with the very sounde of Knight to boulster out the community of his ryots.
II. A body of individuals.
†6. The body of those having common or equal rights or rank, as distinguished from the privileged classes; the body of commons; the commonalty.
1375Barbour Bruce xx. 128* And all the lordis at thar war And als of the Comminite Maid hym manrent and fewte. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 148 A gode comynate makes hom have gode heddis. 1572Lament. Lady Scotl. in Sc. Poems 16th C. II. 247 Barrouns and nobilitie That dois oppres my pure communitie. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 983 The Commons or Community also chose Twelve Persons to represent them.
7. A body of people organized into a political, municipal, or social unity:
a. A state or commonwealth.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 342 Þer is oon emperour and oon hede in a comunnete. 1474Caxton Chesse 91 To prynces and them that gouerne the thynges of the comunete. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 115 Certifying likewise that those with whome hee had foughte were of other communities. 1689Burnet Tracts I. 68 The other Communities of this League bought their Liberties from several Bishops. 1769Robertson Chas. V, I. i. 66 Europe was broken into many separate communities. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) II. 27 It is probable the number of independent communities is still more considerable.
b. A body of men living in the same locality.
a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vii. xxii. §7 No mortal man, or community of men, hath right of propriety in them. 1711Steele Spect. No. 49 ⁋3 Those little Communities which we express by the word Neighbourhoods. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 63 Number of sacred hearths; each of which constituted a community or parish. 1873Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xi. 407 During the Norman period London appears to have been a collection of small communities, manors, parishes, church-sokens, and guilds, held and governed in the usual way. 1884Gladstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/4 Many of the towns which, under the name of towns, are represented in this House, are really rural communities.
c. Often applied to those members of a civil community, who have certain circumstances of nativity, religion, or pursuit, common to them, but not shared by those among whom they live; as the British or Chinese community in a foreign city, the mercantile community everywhere, the Roman Catholic community in a Protestant city, etc., the Jewish community in London, familiarly known to its members as ‘The Community’.
1797Godwin Enquirer i. vi. 50 The literary world is an immense community. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, The ‘Times’ Wks. (Bohn) II. 117 Exposing frauds which threatened the commercial community. 1860Motley Netherl. (1868) I. iii. 77 The Dutch community of the reformed religion in London subscribed 9005 florins. 1888A. Levy Reuben Sachs i. 2 One born and bred in the Jewish community. Ibid. v. 48 That section of the Community which attaches importance to the observation of the Mosaic and Rabbinical laws in various minute points. Ibid. vi. 69 The Community had come back in a body from country and seaside, in time for the impending religious festivals.
d. the community: the people of a country (or district) as a whole; the general body to which all alike belong, the public.
1789Bentham Princ. Legisl. xviii. §2 The good of the community cannot require that any act should be made an offence which is not liable in some way or other to be detrimental to the community. 1814Scott Wav. xxxii, Mercy to a criminal may be gross injustice to the community. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Valley ii. 26 Such men become..a burden to the community.
e. A body of nations acknowledging unity of purpose or common interests. (Esp. in the titles of international organizations, as European Defence Community, European Economic Community.)
1952Ann. Reg. 1951 167 The process of building up the Atlantic community to which the Western world was dedicated. 1959Listener 16 Apr. 656/2 It certainly is the purpose of the Common Market to give every preference to the goods produced within the Community. 1961New Left Rev. July–Aug. 5/2 The joint, Community-wide exploitation of the new markets.
8. spec. A body of persons living together, and practising, more or less, community of goods.
a. A religious society, a monastic body.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., Communities are of two kinds, ecclesiastic and laic: the first are either secular, as chapters of cathedral and collegiate churches, etc. 1820Scott Monast. i, A more inexpiable crime in the eyes of the Abbot and Community of Saint Mary's. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 119 To introduce some order into his community.
b. A socialistic or communistic society, such as those founded by Owen.
1844Emerson Lect., New Eng. Ref. Wks. (Bohn) I. 264 Following, or advancing beyond the ideas of St. Simon, of Fourier, and of Owen, three communities have already been formed in Massachusetts. 1874R. D. Owen Threading my Way 255 New Harmony therefore is not now a community. 1890Spect. 27 Sept., The Mormon community..is a community,—a successful attempt, that is, to organise industry on a grand scale.
9. transf. and fig.
a. of gregarious animals. spec. in Ecology. A group of plants or animals growing or living together in natural conditions or inhabiting a specified area.
1746–7Hervey Medit. (1818) 168 This frugal community are wisely employed in..collecting a copious stock of the most balmy treasures. 1814Wordsw. Excurs. iv. 446 Creatures that in communities exist..The gilded summer flies. 1883H. J. Rice tr. Moebius's Oyster Culture in Rep. U.S. Fish Comm. 1880 723 If, at any time, one of the external conditions of life should deviate..from its ordinary mean, the entire biocönose, or community, would be transformed. 1899Natural Science XIV. 114 In English we have named these unions or communities ‘Plant Associations’. 1909Warming Oecology of Plants xxvi. 91 The term ‘community’ implies a diversity but at the same time a certain organized uniformity in the units. 1923J. S. Huxley Ess. Biologist ii. 90, I have here been using the community to denote the simple aggregate unit which from the beginning has played such an important part biologically in human evolution, not merely as denoting the sum of individuals considered separately. 1931J. Phillips in Jrnl. Ecol. XIX. 2 Plants and animals are inter-related, co-acting constituents of an integrated biotic community. 1957[see biocœnosis].
†b. of things: A cluster, a combination. Obs.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terapeutyke 2 C j b, The communytees of vlceres that last longe tyme that are vncurable. [Cf. Galen Therap. iv. iv, αἱ κοινότητες αἱ τῶν χρονίων ἑλκῶν.]
†10. A common prostitute. Obs.
1606Sir G. Goosecappe i. iv. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 26 One of these painted communities, that are ravisht with Coaches and upper hands.
11. attrib., as community care, community feeling, community life, community living, community spirit, community theatre; community centre (orig. U.S.), a building or an organization providing social, recreational, and educational facilities for a neighbourhood; community chest U.S., a fund made up of individual donations to meet the needs for charity and social welfare work in a community; community college (orig. U.S.) (see quot. 1959); community home, an institution for young offenders and children taken into the care of a local authority; cf. approved school s.v. approved ppl. a. 5; community service order, a court order that a convicted offender perform a stipulated number of hours of unpaid work for the community or an individual; community singing, organized singing in chorus by large groups or gatherings of people; so community song, etc.
1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1409/1 How did the creators of community-care programmes go so badly astray? 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 194/2 Community care has emphasized the need to standardize and expand the medical vocabulary in directions outside the immediate disease situation.
1915Nat. Educ. Assoc. U.S., Proc. 53rd Meeting 687 (heading) Community center work. 1931Economist 10 Jan. 57/2 The widely varying agencies for meeting distress, scattered as they are among religious orders,..community centres and the like. 1934Discovery Dec. 358/2 These Grith Fyrd Camps are permanent community centres, each of which accommodates, all the year round, young men up to fifty in number. 1959Manch. Guardian 7 Aug. 5/2 A village hall..provides a community centre for concerts, whist drives, dances.
1921Rural Organiz. (U.S.) 103 Some form of country-wide community chest. 1964S. M. Miller in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 308 Securing representation on Community Chests and the like.
1959C. V. Good Dict. Educ. (ed. 2) 108 College, community, an educational institution offering instruction for persons beyond the age of the normal secondary school pupil, in a program geared particularly to the needs and interests of the local area. 1962F. Rudolph Amer. College & Univ. 487 In 40 states 160 community colleges developed out of one-time normal schools. 1969Northern Territory News 11 July 7/3 And why call it a community college? It's just stopping short. What we should get is a university college, with technical training facilities.
1931H. Read Meaning of Art ii. 49 Hitherto the highest form of community-feeling has been religious.
1969Children & Young Persons Act c.54 § 36(1) The children's regional planning committee..shall prepare..a plan..for the provision and maintenance of homes, to be known as community homes, for the accommodation and maintenance of children in the care of the relevant authorities. 1977Times Educ. Suppl. 21 Oct. 1/3 But when it comes to higher-level policy it seems clear that lumping all sorts of children into euphemistically named ‘community homes’ is bound to leave many perfectly normal but unlucky children with a stigma they have done nothing to deserve. 1982Observer 5 Sept. 25/7 The prison became..approved school. This is now a dirty word—two dirty words—so it's community home these days.
1919M. Shaw Brit. Hymn Festival Bk. Pref., Community hymn singing is very much in evidence to-day.
1879Baring-Gould Germany II. 152 It was impossible for the Ursulines to accept conditions which would have broken up their community life. 1951R. Firth Elem. Social Organiz. iii. 119 The Maori social system, with..its characteristic community life. 1959Manch. Guardian 11 Aug. 5/1 Jordans is a monument to two causes—Quakerism and community living.
1972Criminal Justice Act i. §15 (1) Where a person who has attained the age of seventeen is convicted of an offence punishable with imprisonment, the court by or before which he is convicted may..make an order (in this Act referred to as ‘a community service order’) requiring him to perform unpaid work in accordance with the subsequent provisions of this Act. 1980Oxf. Compan. Law 259/1 Community service order, an order which a court may make, instead of dealing with an offender in any other way, requiring him to perform a specified number of hours of unpaid work.
1922S. Lewis Babbitt vi. 74 Ryland wore spats, he wrote long letters about City Planning and Community Singing. 1923Sackbut Nov. 115 The Town Hall, where the weekly Community Singing was advertised to be held. 1927(title) Labour community song book.
1943J. S. Huxley TVA xii. 105 A real community spirit has developed in the new town.
1929S. W. Cheney Theatre xxii. 501 The little theatres, and the larger community theatres built on the foundations they laid.
Add:[11.] [a.] community health.
1925C. E. Turner Personal & Community Health 5 Then follows a discussion of the development of the new science of disease prevention and its effect upon personal hygiene and upon public or *community health. 1970Times 9 Nov. 38/2 Paramedic studies are wide-ranging—from community health to bacteriology and psychosomatic medicine.
community architect, an architect who works with a community in designing housing and other amenities, often as part of an urban improvement programme.
1975Building Design 11 July 8/1 His [sc. Dr. R. Hackney's] role as a *community architect came about..when..he started to look for a house with {pstlg}1,000. 1986Daily Tel. 13 Dec. 12/6 Once they have this help, the rest is up to them, under the guidance of their community architect, who is expected to live and work with people during the project.
hence community architecture.
1977Architects' Jrnl. 5 Oct. 630/2 There are still lessons to be learnt from his approach to *community architecture. 1984Prince of Wales in Times 31 May 16/2 It has been most encouraging to see the development of community architecture as a natural reaction to the policy of decamping people to new towns and overspill estates. 1986Daily Tel. 9 Dec. 12/2 Community architecture involves local people in the design and building of their own projects as well as the maintenance of completed schemes.
community charge temporary, a tax or charge for local services levied on adult residents of a community (introduced as a flat-rate charge in Scotland in 1989 and elsewhere in Great Britain in 1990 replacing household rates); commonly known as poll tax.
1985Sunday Times 22 Dec. 5/1 The government's green paper on rate reform..is expected to recommend that an annual *community charge (the government's new term for a poll tax or residents' charge) of {pstlg}50 on all adults over 18 should be introduced in 1990. 1987Daily Tel. 1 May 11/3 Students would be deterred from going to Scottish universities because of having to pay 20 per cent of the community charge which is to replace rates. 1989Which? July 355/1 Do you have any questions about how the poll tax (or ‘community charge’) works?
community medicine, a branch of medicine dealing with problems of health care affecting a whole community, rather than with the treatment of individual cases; public health medicine.
1968Rep. R. Comm. Med. Educ. iii. 66 in Parl. Papers 1967–68 (Cmnd. 3569) XXV. 569 ‘*Community medicine’ is..concerned not with the treatment of individual patients but with the broad question of health and disease..in the community at large. 1985Medical Woman Spring 13, I joined the MWF...This was helpful in finding an interested and knowledgeable local person (a female specialist in community medicine) to educate me and to help set up a part-time scheme.
community physician, a specialist in community medicine; a public health physician.
1974Daily Tel. 1 Apr. 6/6 Regional health boards, executive health councils and local authority departments..will disappear. So too will medical officers of health, some of whom will now become ‘*community physicians’. 1989Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 917/2 Community physicians cooperate with such diverse groups as architects, builders, sanitary and heating and ventilating engineers, [etc.].
community policeman, a policeman employed in community policing.
1982Economist 22 May 40/1 Foot patrols based on specific areas, *community policemen, informal liaison groups were widely introduced. 1987Sunday Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 10 May 47/1 Your neighbourhood ‘community policeman’ is not so much a crime preventer as a citizen soother.
community policing, a system of policing by officers who have personal knowledge of and involvement in the community they police.
1975Economist 22 Feb. 27/1 The loyalists..fear it could be the first step towards *community policing in the light of Sinn Fein..opposition to the Royal Ulster Constabulary. 1985Telegraph & Argus (Bradford) 25 May 5/1 West Yorkshire's Chief Constable..is assembling a 1,000-strong team of civilians to assist with his policy of community policing. 1989Listener 4 May 28/1 The dear, departed days of Dixon of Dock Green, when ‘community policing’ would have seemed a tautologous concept, belong to a different age.
community tax, (a) local tax on members of a community; spec. = community charge above.
1986Guardian 29 Jan. 6/8 Some people, such as resident foreigners, would be liable for *community tax but not eligible to vote. 1987Church Times 8 May 12/1 If the Tories get back in, they intend to abolish the rates (which we don't pay on our clergy houses) and introduce a community tax (based on mere existence).
community worker, a person employed by a local authority, voluntary agency, etc. to assist a community in promoting its own welfare.
1975Economist 10 May 34/3 Among those now appointed are the deputy director of Shelter, several *community workers and the founder of the Claimants and Unemployed Workers Union. 1987Church Times 8 May 22/1 The Lambeth Methodist Mission require a full-time Church pastoral and community worker to work with the Superintendent Minister.
[11.] b. attrib. Designating persons whose job involves working in or with a local community (esp. in health care), often one making home visits rather than working in a hospital, as community doctor, community midwife, community nurse, etc.
1966New Statesman 29 Apr. 610/1 A population of 60,000 will be served by 30 ‘community doctors’ who will work from a single health centre. 1982M. T. Tsuang Schizophrenia viii. 65 [Patients] can be helped by..home visits from..a psychiatric community nurse. 1985M. F. Myles Textbk. Midwives (ed. 10) xliv. 724 The community midwife must keep controlled drugs such as pethidine in a locked receptacle.
▸ community card n. Poker (in some forms of the game) each of a number of cards dealt or turned face up for all active players to use.
1973‘A. S.’ Preston & B. G. Cox Play Poker to Win vi. 77 Three cards are dealt face up in the center. This is called the flop, and these are *community cards to be used by all players in making their hands. 2000B. McNally How to play Poker & Win Gloss. 138 Closed poker, games such as draw poker where there are no community cards and all of the cards are dealt face down.
▸ community college n. Brit. a secondary school or sixth-form college which makes its buildings and facilities available, out of school hours, to the rest of the local community for educational and recreational purposes; cf. village college n. at village n. Compounds 4, community school n. at Additions.
1967Times 31 Jan. 4/1 (advt.) Lutterworth Grammar School and *Community College... Applications are invited..for the post of full-time Second Adult Tutor. 1989R. G. Burgess Investigating Society (BNC) 101 It is apparent that the teacher's role is seen in broader terms in the community college than in the school. 2002Leics. Mercury (Electronic ed.) 2 Aug. It's mainly focused on venues like village halls, working men's clubs, community colleges and civic centres.
▸ community forest n. a forest regarded as a resource for a local community; spec. a forest, usually close to an urban area, created both for recreational purposes and as part of a programme for social, economic, and environmental regeneration.
1909L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. IV. 127 Schools and towns could be supported by the proceeds of good *community forests, at the same time that water-supplies could be conserved, wild animals protected, and the beauty..of the country enhanced. 1943P. L. Buttrick Forest Econ. & Finance xx. 415 In America..we have national, state, and local public forests, the last usually called community forests. 1983Washington Post (Nexis) 18 July a15 ‘Community forests’ established by the government are beginning to provide wood fuel for the hill people and also are reviving the bond between villagers and their forests that once maintained an ecological balance on the Himalayas. 1995Independent on Sunday 9 Apr. 7/2 The community forests programme, designed for recreation and economic regeneration, was conceived in the late Eighties and has received strong government backing... It will provide a network of new city forests stretching from Newcastle to Bristol.
▸ community garden n. a garden (esp. in an urban area) maintained by the members of a community; (now) spec. (a) N. Amer. one divided into allotments; (b) one collectively maintained by a community both for recreational purposes and as part of a programme of social and environmental regeneration.
1884Sat. Evening Post 5 July 8/3 She..is very proud of her own patch in the ‘*community garden’. 1899Hawaiian Gaz. (Electronic text) 26 May The experimental community garden could be of great service as nine-tenths of the pupils become engaged in agricultural pursuits. 1980Washington Post (Nexis) 11 May e1 Bute..is one of the few gardeners at this community garden who tends to his 30 x 50-foot plot every day. 1986Guardian (Nexis) 2 July Hackney Grove is one of a green necklace of community gardens around north London, each one a testament to persistence and hard work. 2004W.-M. Roth & A. C. Barton Rethinking Sci. Literacy iv. 78 We develop these claims in some detail by exploring the construction of science and scientific literacies among homeless youth and their efforts to convert an abandoned lot into a community garden.
▸ community hospital n. a hospital serving a local community; spec. (a) U.S. a local non-specialized hospital, chiefly for short-term patients; (b) Brit. a small local hospital whose inpatients are under the care of general practitioners and which predominantly provides rehabilitation and non-specialist medical services, esp. to elderly patients; cf. cottage hospital n. at cottage n. Compounds 2.
Apparently originally after German Gemeindekrankenhaus (compare quot. 1843).
1843W. R. Wilde Austria xv. 316 In the country parts, there are *community-hospitals, or Gemeinde Krankenhäuser, which are supported by funds belonging to their own parish or district. 1950N.Y. Times 30 Dec. 16/2 About 75 per cent of expectant mothers who plan to have their babies at Grace–New Haven Community Hospital..are requesting the rooming-in plan. 1970District Nursing Dec. 174 (title) The community hospital—a pilot project. 1978Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Dec. 58/1 In many cities, a community hospital represents second class care. 1998A. Sandell Oxf. Handbk. Patients' Welfare 54 Arranging residential care... Community hospitals (cottage hospitals, GP beds) may be a suitable option, particularly for respite care.
▸ community leader n. orig. U.S. a prominent and respected member of a particular community, esp. one with an active and specific social or political role or position.
1855Knoxville (Iowa) Jrnl. (Electronic text) 1 Oct. (heading) *Community Leaders. The leading business men of 1901 were A. B. Culver, John McMillan, Walter Elliott, [etc.]. 1889N.Y. Times 11 July 2/2 The community leaders assert that the right to the property was wholly with those by whom it was held, and that..ordinary members were only entitled to their board and clothing. 1975Facts on File 11 Jan. 10/2 According to a Washington Post report Jan. 5, the government announcement came after community leaders had notified the ELF and the PLF of the government position. 1997J. Bowker World Relig. 80/1 Among Sikhs, the word takes on a further meaning because the Gurus do not simply teach and guide individuals; they are community leaders as well.
▸ community property n. (a) U.S. Law assets originally belonging to either or both of the partners in a marriage, but considered under state law to be the joint property of both partners by virtue of their marriage; cf. sense 10c; (b) property which is owned jointly by members of a community, or which belongs to a community as a whole.
1826Martin's Rep. (New Ser.) 5 99 The motive for asking for the land from the government was, that it might benefit the *community property. 1848U.S. Rep. (U.S. Supreme Court) 47 233 In this case, the court decided, that, although the land for which the note was given was purchased in the name of the wife, yet still it was community property. 1892Catholic World Jan. 565 Now, this is the way Mr. George says God gave the earth to men; it is community property, and hence no individual can acquire private ownership in any part of it. 1950F. Loesser Guys & Dolls (typescript) i. iv. 42 From a lack of community property and a feeling she's getting too old, a person can develop a bad, bad cold. 1993Newsweek 25 Jan. 64/2 In most community-property states, the assets of the marriage are normally divided in half. Elsewhere, the shares may turn on each spouse's contribution to the marriage, professionally or in the home. 1997San Diego Union-Tribune (Electronic ed.) 19 Jan. h1 The FCC rules..don't cover the issues that condominium owners face, namely placing privately owned direct-broadcast receivers on community property.
▸ community school n. a school serving a particular (esp. local) community; (spec. in the U.K.) a school (freq. a secondary school) whose buildings and facilities are available, out of school hours, to the rest of the local community for educational and recreational purposes; cf. village college n. at village n. Compounds 4, community college n. at Additions.
1847Harbinger 2 Oct. 271/3 Our esteemed friends..disposed of the land in such way as to let it fall into the hands of our friends of the *Community school. 1920E. P. Cubberley Hist. Educ. xxvi. 690 Under his practical leadership an unorganized and heterogeneous series of community school systems was reduced to organization and welded together into a state school system. 1967Children & their Primary Schools (Dept. of Educ. & Sci.) I. iv. 49 Community schools should be developed in all areas but especially in educational priority areas. 2002Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 4 Aug. 14 On-the-job training for would-be teachers is likely to take place in community schools or colleges and could include teaching adults after school as well as pupils during the day time. |