| 释义 |
conditioned, ppl. a.|kənˈdɪʃənd|
[f. condition n. and v.: prob. originally after med.L. conditiōnātus or OF. condicionné.]
I. From the n.
1. a. Of persons: Having a (specified) disposition or temperament; -disposed, -tempered, -natured.
a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 16 Daughtres..welle manered and condicioned. 1526Tindale Rom. i. 29 Evill condicioned [1611 full of malignitie]. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 295 The deerest friend to me, the kindest man, The best condition'd. 1613Wither Abuses Stript i. viii, A Crook-back't Dwarfe..condition'd like an Ape. 1663F. Hawkins Youths Behav. 87 A good conditioned wife [uxor bené morata] is the best portion. a1749T. Chalkley Wks. (1766) 204 They were silent and better conditioned to one another afterwards. 1860Sea Board & the Down II. 19 An ill-conditioned woman.
b. Having a (specified) social condition; † of (good) condition.
1632Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 12 Her..courtesie..[to] others..how meane conditioned soever. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 390 These conditioned men bee the fittest instruments of such flattery.
2. Of things: In a (specified) condition or state; having a certain condition or nature.
1548Gest Pr. Masse 86 Acknowledging..the common bread and wyne to be nothing less then lyke condicioned. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 38 Every substaunce is conditioned To chaunge her hew. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 569 Sow in a well conditioned ground that which was growne in an ill conditioned ground. 1681A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. ii. 137 We ought to sell our Fish as well conditioned as they. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 34 The highest and best conditioned cattle. 1868Helps Realmah i. (1876) 1 What.. an ill-conditioned planet!
3. Placed or set in certain conditions, circumstances, or relations; circumstanced, situated.
1831Coleridge Table-t. 14 Aug., In countries well governed and happily conditioned. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. ii. 564 The creature thus conditioned found by chance Motherhood like a jewel in the muck. 1881B. Sanderson in Nature No. 619. 442 A frog so conditioned [with the brain removed] exhibits, as regards its bodily movements, as perfect adaptiveness as a normal frog.
II. From the v.
4. Settled on conditions; stipulated, bargained.
1632Brome Novella ii. i, He bargain'd with her..But in the night In the conditioned bed was laid a Moore.
†5. Dependent upon conditions, conditional. Obs.
a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 374 A conditioned, and uncertain expectation of what man would or would not do.
6. Subjected to conditions or limitations.
1841Emerson Lect., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 267 Wisdom does not seek a literal rectitude, but an useful, that is, a conditioned one. 1849W. Smith Dict. Grk. & Rom. Biog. III. 402 The ultimate purpose of all conditioned existence. 1878T. Sinclair The Mount 70 The drama being to him only a more conditioned epic.
7. a. Dependent upon, or determined by, an antecedent condition.
1860Mansel Prolegom. Log. 229 Whenever a condition, whether material cause of a fact or formal reason of a conclusion, exists, the conditioned fact or conclusion exists also.
b. conditioned reflex, a reflex or reflex action which through habit or training has been induced to follow a stimulus not naturally associated with it (cf. unconditioned ppl. a.). So conditioned inhibition, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus.
1906Nature 11 Oct. 592/1 The latter actions..are termed by Prof. Pawlow ‘conditioned reflexes’, to distinguish them from the ordinary or unconditioned reflexes. 1920[see condition v. 9 b]. 1925E. P. Poulton Taylor's Pract. Med. (ed. 13) 892 Such associations are usually lost with further experience in the same way as the simpler conditioned reflexes established in animals can be broken down by further training. 1927G. V. Anrep tr. Pavlov's Lect. Conditioned Reflexes ii. 25, I have termed this new group of reflexes conditioned reflexes to distinguish them from the inborn or unconditioned reflexes. Ibid. 26 Conditioned reflexes are phenomena of common and wide-spread occurrence... We recognize them in ourselves and in other people or animals under such names as ‘education’, ‘habits’, and ‘training’. Ibid. 27 It is..necessary that the conditioned stimulus should begin to operate before the unconditioned stimulus comes into action. Ibid. v. 69 Conditioned inhibition is developed..where the duration of the positive stimulus overlaps that of the additional stimulus. 1931Discovery Apr. 106/2 This new kind of reflex, engrained by particular conditions of individual experience, was called by Pavlov a conditioned reflex. 1934Warren Dict. Psychol. 55/1 Conditioned response. 1951G. Humphrey Thinking i. 24 Motivation is sometimes necessary..for the establishment of conditioned reflexes. Ibid. x. 313 Early experimentalists thought that a replica of past experience was produced by association... Various alternatives have been proposed..the ‘conditioned response’, and so on. 1960H. J. Eysenck et al. Behaviour Therapy iii. 223 Extinction brought about by a habit of not responding, i.e. conditioned inhibition. 1962John o' London's 4 Jan. 19/3 Annie winces; and so (after the conditioned-reflex laugh) do we.
c. Taught or accustomed to accept or adopt certain habits, attitudes, standards, etc.
1930R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 8) vi. 258 From his prolonged period of dependence, the human child is bound to be ‘conditioned’ to group life, even if he were naturally indifferent to it. 1956S. Ertz Charmed Circle xi. 173 He must have acquired these habits a very long time ago because Mrs. Jackson appeared to be perfectly ‘conditioned’ to them. 1958Economist 8 Nov. 482/1 It may be a long time before the heavily conditioned people of Russia itself could be counted on to share the job of supervising their own government in the interest of humanity as a whole.
8. absol. the conditioned:
a. Applied to the consequent in a conditional proposition.
1864Bowen Logic iii. 53 This axiom is properly called that of Reason and Consequent or the Condition and the Conditioned. Ibid. vii. 210 To affirm the Reason or the Condition is also to affirm the Consequent or the Conditioned.
b. Metaph. That which is subject to the conditions of finite existence and cognition; opposed to the unconditioned, absolute, or infinite.
1829Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1852) 14 The conditionally limited (which we may briefly call the conditioned) is thus the only possible object of knowledge and of positive thought. 1836–7― Metaph. xxxviii. (1870) II. 373 The Conditioned is that which is alone conceivable or cogitable. 1846― in Reid's Wks. 911/2 The Law of the conditioned:—That all positive thought lies between two extremes, neither of which we can conceive as possible, and yet, as mutual contradictories, the one or the other we must recognise as necessary. 1862Spencer First Princ. (1880) 81 The Unconditioned therefore, as classable neither with any form of the conditioned nor with any other Unconditioned, cannot be classed at all.
†9. Used absol. = Provided, on the condition.
1622–62Heylin Cosmogr. i. (1682) 228 Such of them as..had a desire to stay in Spain..were suffered to do so..conditioned, that they would be Christened. 1641― Help to Hist. (1671) 341 The [manor]..was held of old by Grand Sergianty of the Kings of Eng., conditioned that the Grantees should for ever be the Knight Marshals.
10. Of air: purified and having had its temperature, humidity, etc., adjusted.
1909S. W. Cramer Useful Inf. for Cotton Manufs. (ed. 2) iv. 1413 The conditioned air is delivered from the apparatus into a longitudinal duct. 1935H. G. Wells Things to Come xi. 94 They had no properly mixed and conditioned air. |