| 释义 |
smog|smɒg|
[Blend of smoke n. and fog n.2]
1. a. Fog intensified by smoke. Cf. photochemical smog s.v. photochemical a.
1905Daily Graphic 26 July 10/2 In the engineering section of the Congress Dr. H. A. des Vœux, hon. treasurer of the Coal Smoke Abatement Society, read a paper on ‘Fog and Smoke’. He said it required no science to see that there was something produced in great cities which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as ‘smog’. 1905Globe 27 July 3/5 The other day at a meeting of the Public Health Congress Dr. Des Vœux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog, which was referred to as ‘smog’, a compound of ‘smoke’ and ‘fog’. 1938Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 12 May 7 In the opinion of many medical authorities, ‘smog’ is the principal reason why Pittsburgh has the highest pneumonia death rate in the United States. 1950Economist 25 Feb. 432/2 Smog is a problem, far from completely understood as yet, of air contamination not by smoke, but by the fumes and gases—sulphur compounds, chlorine and so on—given off by modern industrial processes such as oil refining, chemical manufacturing and metallurgy. 1955Sci. Amer. May 63/3 At first it was thought that smoke, dust, sulfur dioxide and hydrofluoric acid were responsible for the smog [in Los Angeles], but soon it became clear that these known pollutants, in the concentrations measured on smoggy days, could not cause the physiological effects observed... It was then that A. J. Haagen-Smit..suggested that peroxides and ozonides of hydrocarbons were responsible for smog. 1961L. Mumford City in History xv. 479 Nor have they eliminated the unburned hydrocarbons which help produce the smog that blankets such a motor-ridden conurbation as Los Angeles. 1975D. Lodge Changing Places ii. 71 It was difficult to tell whether the sediment thickening the atmosphere was rain or sleet or smog.
b. fig. A state or condition of obscurity or confusion; something designed to confuse or obscure.
1954Ann. Reg. 1953 i. 54 Lord Reading..described it [sc. the Russian Note] in the House of Lords as 18 pages of ‘somewhat dismal and turgid ‘smog’’. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 30 June 1-a/1 When the political smog clears, Billings city government somehow continues to function. 1978D. Bloodworth Crosstalk xxiv. 191 He hoped..Zoe's gift might pierce the gathering smog? Because things were getting tough, and the Russians were..accusing the Maoists of trying to flood Moscow with narcotics.
2. attrib. and Comb., as smog-bank, smog-burner, smog mask, smog producer; smog-bound, smog-free, smog-producing adjs.
1975Country Life 16 Jan. 130/2 Take a commuter jet from Los Angeles to San Francisco... You rise above the smog-bank.
1970New Scientist 1 Jan. 8/3 Smogbound, noise-deafened, misanthropic Londoners..might be taking their high blood pressure with them.
1961Engineering 27 Jan. 175/3 The smog-burner is a mechanical rather than a chemical or catalytic device.
1959News Chron. 19 June 4/3 The six-bedroom houses hardly get dirty in California's smog-free climate. 1981Times 6 Aug. 7/7 Smog-free sunsets over the Indian Ocean.
1954Ann. Reg. 1953 iv. 391 The year 1953 might well be remembered as the one in which ‘smog’ masks first appeared. 1979Listener 5 July 6/1 Visiting journalists [to Tokyo]..were amazed to find they didn't have to wear smog-masks.
1951Sun (Baltimore) (B ed.) 31 Dec. 14/2 More than a dozen Baltimore firms have been definitely albeit informally tagged as smog producers.
1970New Scientist 13 Aug. 324/1 Efforts to curb auto-pollution concern the directly poisonous or smog-producing colourless emissions of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
Hence as v. trans. N. Amer. colloq., (a) with out, up: to cover or envelop in smog; (b) with in: to confine or imprison because of smog; (freq. pass.); smogged ppl. a.
1966P. Tamony Americanisms (typescript) No. 14. 2 The era of the motor-car smogged up greenery. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 4/1 Mr. Lewis was ‘smogged in’ at Sudbury..and was unable to arrive in time for the Ottawa meeting. 1974Science News 24–31 Aug. 136 Conventional geodesy depends on clear lines of sight, and in the Los Angeles basin these are often smogged out. 1982Chr. Sci. Monitor (Mid-Western ed.) 8 Dec. 12 Yet you can't do it because they have to meet the same pollution standards they do in heavily smogged areas. |