| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈracking, vbl. n.1
[f. rack v.1 + -ing1.]
The action of driving before the wind. rare—1.
1631Celestina Prol. A vj b, Those rackings to and fro of the clouds.
▪ II. ˈracking, vbl. n.2
[f. rack v.2]
1. a. Fitting with, placing in, etc., a rack or racks. b. The washing of ore on a rack (Knight 1875).
1888Daily News 18 July 2/6 Restitution of ‘pennies’ if the girls do their own racking.
2. Shelving designed to be functional and inexpensive rather than decorative.
1937G. Frankau More of Us viii. 91 While Art Department hummed like dynamo As frenzied hands tore pictures from their racking. 1976Gloss. Documentation Terms (B.S.I.) 52 Racking, shelving, usually of a cheaper quality, used for storage purposes in non-public stacks and areas of a library.
▪ III. racking, vbl. n.3|ˈrækɪŋ|
[f. rack v.3]
1. a. The action of stretching, extending, straining, etc.; pulling tight or making fast by rack-lashings. Also with down.
1463–4Rolls Parlt. V. 501/1 Brode Cloth..after almanere rakkyng, streynyng or teyntyng therof. 1565Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 364 It cannot be drawen, nor by racking can be stretched to any other sense. 1577Holinshed Chron. II. 1751/2 Thys grieuous racking and extending of this worde Procurement. 1764Churchill Gotham 12 The daily, nightly racking of the brains, To range the thoughts. 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges 170 The oars and poles were used as ribands for racking. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict., Racking-down, an operation performed with the aid of rack-lashing in laying a gun or mortar platform.
b. Torturing by means of the rack.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 490 Dyuerse tourmentes, as rakkynge, heddynge, and hangynge. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 284 All racking and torture, that exceadeth a meane, is uncerten and perillous. a1653Gouge Comm. Hebr. xi. 36 If racking, if scourging..be reall persecutions, then were theirs reall. 1732Neal Hist. Purit. I. 429 He had condemned racking for grievous offenders, as contrary to Law. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. v. 13 Noblemen were exempt, the vulgar thought, From racking.
c. Raising (of rents) to an excess. Also with up.
1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 82 This rackynge and hoyssing vp of Rentes. 1627Hakewill Apol. (1630) 522 By unconscionable racking of rents and wresting from them excessiue fines. 1690Child Disc. Trade (1694) 50 The racking up of rents in the years 1651 and 1652.
2. The undergoing or causing of strain, distortion, or dislocation; spec. distortion of a structure under shear.
1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 18 The Frames could move..without any Danger of racking or straining. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §306 Nothing to oppose the racking of the frame. 1868Rep. Munitions War 267 The ‘Bellerophon’ could pass the forts at New York within 200 yards without suffering except by racking. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuilding ii. 23 This plan..has the important advantage of opposing the racking of the floor plates longitudinally. 1957Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol. II. 149 Racking, in timber testing, the application of loads to an assembly, tending to deform it in shear. 1976W. J. Patton Construction Materials 386 Racking, tendency of a rectangular frame to distort from its rectangular shape due to lack of stiffness against shear forces. 1977Engin. Materials & Design Aug. 17/1 A batch of fifty radiators made in this way have been subjected to tests against thermal shock cycling, pulsating pressure, vibration and racking.
attrib.1865A. L. Holley Ordnance & Armor 212 The ‘racking’ system, by means of heavy projectiles at low velocities.
3. Intense pain.
1896Allbutt's Syst. of Med. I. 680 Violent aching of the head..with racking in the bones.
▪ IV. ˈracking, vbl. n.4
[f. rack v.4]
Of a horse: The action or fact of moving with a rack. Also attrib., as racking event, racking horse.
1530Palsgr. 260/2 Rackyng of a horse in his pace, racquassure. 1607Markham Caval. iv. 5 Taking his time⁓keeping from trotting, and his motion of legges from ambling. and so compound this which is called a Traine, or Racking. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Rules for buying Horses, Racking..'tis the same Motion as Ambling, only it is a sweeter Time. 1818J. Palmer Jrnl. Travels 51 Racking is a favourite ambling pace. 1974Marlboro Herald-Advocate (Bennettsville, S. Carolina) 18 Apr. 10/3 In ladies racking, Sherry Jean Nolan..rode King to a first-place win. Ibid., Larry Griggs rode King to a first place victory in the junior racking event. 1974Greenville (S. Carolina) News 23 Apr. 11/2 Friday performances, beginning at 1 p.m. and 7 p.m., have the pleasure horse classes,..along with three racking horse classes.
▪ V. racking, vbl. n.5|ˈrækɪŋ|
[f. rack v.5]
Drawing off wine, etc. from the lees.
c1475Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 74 The rackinge, coynynge, rebatinge, and other salvations of wynes. 1626Bacon Sylva §305 It is in common Practise, to draw Wine, or Beere, from the Lees, (which we call Racking). 1703Art & Myst. Vintners 23 The usual times for Racking, are Mid⁓summer and Alhallontide. 1783B. J. Bromwich Exper. Bee-keeper 59 If it does not become fine after the first racking, the operation should be repeated. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 169 The manufacture of cider may be divided into twelve heads:..8. The racking.
b. attrib., as racking-back, racking-can, racking-cellar, racking-cock, racking-engine, racking-faucet, racking-hose, racking-pump, racking-shed, racking-tap, racking-vessel.
1846Tizard Brewing (ed. 2) xx. 547 A more perfect racking-engine than such as are in ordinary use. Ibid., The racking tap. 1890Pall Mall G. 4 Aug. 3/1 The cask..is further cleaned with steam..before being allowed to roll off into the ‘racking shed’, where it is filled with porter. 1892H. E. Wright Handy Bk. Brewers 37 ‘Settling backs’ or ‘racking backs’. Ibid. 42 The fermenting or racking vessels. Ibid. 503 Racking hose..and racking cocks.
▪ VI. ˈracking, vbl. n.6
[f. rack v.6]
A piece of spun yarn or other material used for racking ropes.
1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 143 Racking and Seizing for the Parrel. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 34 It will greatly assist the spunyarn racking. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 116 Cast off the racking.
▪ VII. † ˈracking, vbl. n.7
[f. rack wrack v. Cf. rack n.5]
Wrecking, destruction.
1689Pol. Ballads (1860) II. 8 The Queen and Prince banisht for what none dares own, Unless for the racking and ruin o' the state.
▪ VIII. ˈracking, ppl. a.1
[f. rack v.1 + -ing2.]
1. Of clouds: Driving before the wind.
1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iv. iv, Draw my chariot swifter than the racking clouds. 1697Dryden æneid iv. 361 Drives the racking clouds along the liquid Space. 1808Scott Marm. iii. xxii, Of middle air the demons proud, Who ride upon the racking cloud.
2. Of winds: Driving, carrying along.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 182 The sport and prey Of racking whirlwinds. 1840Carlyle Heroes iii. (1858) 255 The racking winds..whirl them away again.
▪ IX. racking, ppl. a.2|ˈrækɪŋ|
[f. rack v.3]
1. Extortionate; exacting.
1580Sidney Arcadia i. (1598) 2 The court of affection, held by that racking steward, Remembrance. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. vii. 90 Hee layeth the blame on..racking Landlords. 1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. (1650) 12 Let those..learn to make no lesse conscience of a racking bargain. 1817Scott Search after Happiness xvi, Cursed war and racking tax Have left us scarcely raiment to our backs.
†b. Let at rack-rents. Obs. rare—1.
a1619Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. i. i, Your racking Pastures, that have eaten up as many singing Shepherds, and their issues, as Andeluzia breeds.
2. Torturing; causing intense pain, physical or mental.
1667Milton P.L. xi. 481 Maladies Of gastly Spasm, or racking torture. 1693Congreve in Dryden's Juvenal xi. (1697) 296 The most racking Thought, which can intrude. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) II. 106 A man lying under the racking pains of the Gout. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vi. xxii, Getting up for a journey with a racking headache. 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere viii. 57, I had been kept awake by a most racking tooth-ache.
3. Straining, dislocating; breaking under strain.
1868Rep. Munitions War 262 To neutralize the vibration, when struck a racking blow on one side. 1874Thearle Naval Archit. 118 Great racking strains are set up, tending to alter the relative positions of the beams to each other and to the ship's side. 1895R. Kipling in Pall Mall G. 25 Oct. 3/2 Spirits, goblins, and witch-people were moving about on the racking ice.
Hence ˈrackingly adv., in a racking or exhausting manner.
1857Chamb. Jrnl. VIII. 33 They will certainly become..monotonous by virtue of being so rackingly relevant.
▪ X. ˈracking, ppl. a.3
[f. rack v.4]
1. Of a horse: Moving with a rack.
1562Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 166 One old rackynge nagg. 1585Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1860) 108 My rackinge blacke nagge. 1817Paulding Letters fr. South (1835) I. 86, I bought a new horse,—one of your capital racking ponies, as they are yclept.
fig.a1661Fuller Worthies, Staffordsh. (1662) 41 He himself became a racking but no thorough-paced Protestant.
2. racking pace = rack n.6
1611Cotgr., Amble,..an ambling, or racking pace. 1676Lond. Gaz. 1138/4 Two Cart-Geldings,..a little racking-pace. 1721Dudley in Phil. Trans. XXXI. 167 A Moose..shoves along side-ways, throwing out the Feet, much like a Horse in a racking pace. 1819Rees Cycl. XXIX. s.v. Rack, The racking pace is much the same as the amble.
▪ XI. ˈracking, ppl. a.4 Naut.
[f. rack v.6]
That fastens ropes together.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Nippering, Fastening nippers by taking turns crosswise between the parts... These are called racking turns. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 34 It is..secured with a racking seizing. 1886J. M. Caulfeild Seamanship Notes 3 Secure..reef-pendant to boom with a racking or rolling hitch.
▪ XII. racking
var. raking vbl. n.3 |