| 释义 |
conjuration|kɒndʒʊˈreɪʃən|
Forms: 4–6 -cion, 4–5 -cioun(e, 5–6 -cyon, 6– conjuration.
[a. late OF. conjuration, -acion, ad. L. conjūrātiōn-em: see conjurison, the earlier type.]
I. Banding together by oath, conspiracy.
1. A swearing together; a making of a league by a common oath; a banding together against a superior power; conspiracy. arch.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. iv. 18 Canius..was accused by Gayus Cesar..þat he was knowyng and consentyng of a coniuracioun maked aȝeins hym. 1382Wyclif 2 Kings xi. 14 And sche [Athaliah] kytt hyre clothis, and cryede, Conjuracioun! conjuracioun! a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) D, The coniuracion, that Catilina inuented agaynste his countreye. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 298 He was first one of that coniuration which was called the Barons warre. 1657M. Hawke Killing is M. 46 Some nocturnal conjurations, and meetings of some malevolent persons. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. I. 156 A conjuration against the king's life. 1891Scottish Leader 29 June 4 Another secret society of criminals has been broken up by the Italian police. A most ferocious conjuration it would seem to be. 1907W. G. Holmes Justinian & Theodora II. viii. 519 Communication and conjuration between the first two sections was established at Carthage.
II. Constraining by oath, invoking of spirits, conjuring.
2. A solemn charging or calling upon by appeal to something sacred or binding; solemn appeal or entreaty, adjuration. arch. or Obs.
c1450Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthb. (Surtees) 2636 Cuthbert gretely was astonyd Of hir coniuracioun þat tyde. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. ii. 29 We charge you in the Name of God take heed..Vnder this Coniuration, speake my Lord. 1660Shirley Andromana iii. iii, Andr. By that love, by all those vows have pass'd Betwixt us, hear me. Plangus. O Heaven! is that a conjuration! 1796Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 122 That season, however, invoked by so many vows, conjurations and prayers, did not come.
3. a. The effecting of something supernatural by the invocation of a sacred name or by the use of some spell; orig. the compelling of spirits or demons, by such means, to appear and do one's bidding.
1375Barbour Bruce iv. 233 Quhen fendis distrenȝit ar For till apper and mak ansuar, Throu force off coniuracioune. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋529 Thilke horrible sweryng of Adiuracion and coniuracion as doon thise false Enchauntours or Nigromanciens. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 603, I trow he ys bewytchyd by sum coniuracion. 1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 8 Sondrie persons..practised inuocations and coniuracions of spirites. 1641Termes de la Ley 76 Conjuration..seemeth by prayers and invocation upon the powerfull name of God, to compell the Devill to say or doe what hee commandeth. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 447/2 Simple people think that what..Juglers..do is through Conjuration and Witchcraft. 1793Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ep. to Pope Wks. 1812 III. 209 Full of negro-faith in conjuration. 1837Macdougall tr. Graah's Exp. Greenland 123, I have frequently been present on such occasions of conjuration. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 635 The word king was a word of conjuration. It was associated in the minds of many Englishmen with the idea of a mysterious character derived from above.
b. Applied opprobriously.
1563Foxe in Latimer's Serm. & Rem. (1845) p. xviii, How the institution of holy water and holy bread not only had no ground in scripture, but also how full of profane exorcisms and conjurations they were. 1563Homilies ii. Whitsunday ii. (1859) 463 They..think it [baptism] is not well nor orderly done, unless they use conjuration; unless they hallow the water. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iv. xliv. 337 A..generall abuse of Scripture is the turning of Consecration into Conjuration.
4. A magical form of words used in conjuring; a magic spell, incantation, charm.
1398Trevisa Barth De P.R. xviii. xcv. (1495) 842 The serpent stoppyth his eere for he woll not here the enchauntours coniuracions. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xix. 155 Oyle..saluted in thys maner; thrise Haile holy oyle: thrise Hayle holy chresme: thrise Hayle holy balme. Oute of whom haue they sucked such coniurations? 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits vii. (1596) 93 Wordes and coniurations, which make the diuell to tremble. 1831Landor Inez de Castro Wks. 1846 II. 603 Those spells, Those conjurations, and those incantations.
5. transf. Performance of magical art or sleight of hand; conjuring. Also attrib.
a1734North Exam. iii. vii. §52 (1740) 541 Others, by the same Conjuration, were set out and launched for Protestants. 1826Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) II. 101 Are these schemes to go before this conjuration Committee? 1846Mill Logic ii. ii. §2 The notion that the investigation of truth consisted entirely or partly in some kind of conjuration or juggle with those names. 1884Sir J. Bacon in Law Times' Rep. LI. 355/2 No conjuration can make any difference between them.
6. A conjuring-trick.
1820Coleridge Lett., Convers., etc. I 88 A man ignorant of the law whence these conjurations [scientific experiments] proceeded. 1825New Monthly Mag. XV. 12 The Christmas public may meet with a multiplicity of incomprehensible conjurations. |