| 释义 |
▪ I. conjure, v.|ˈkʌndʒə(r) and kənˈdʒʊə(r)|
Forms: 3–7 coniure, 4 conjoure, -jeoure, -geoure, -gere, counjour, 5 conjuere, -jowre, -jore, (-gure), cunjure, 6 counger, -geir, 4– conjure.
[ME., a. OF. conjure-r (cunjurer) = Pr. and Sp. conjurar, It. congiurare:—L. conjūrāre to swear together, to band, combine, or make a compact by oath, to conspire, etc., f. con- together + jūrāre to swear, make oath. The stress-mutation in OF. conjuˈrer, conˈjure, gave two corresponding forms ˈconjure, conˈjure in ME., of which the former was by far the more usual, and has come down in senses 5–9; the latter occurs in Gower and prob. in Wyclif; it was commonly used in senses 1–3 before they became obs., and is now used in 4: cf. adjure. (The pronunciation (ˈkʌndʒə(r)) now generally suggests association with the art of the modern ‘conjurer’ or professor of legerdemain, and is naturally avoided in referring to actions treated as religious or solemn.) Virtually therefore the verb has now split into two; but both of these are still spelt conjure, and in all senses ˈconjure (ˈcounjour, counger) occurs in earlier times.]
I. To swear together; to conspire.
†1.
a. intr. To swear together; to make a privy compact by an oath; to form a conspiracy; to conspire. Obs.
1382Wyclif 2 Kings ix. 14 Thanne Hieu..coniured aȝeynst Ioram. Ibid. xii. 20 Forsothe his seruauntis rysen and coniureden bytwene hemseluen [1388 and sworen togidere bitwixe hem silf]. 1549Compl. Scot. xv. 133 Grit men..that coniuris. 1585James I. Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 52 Though subiects do coniure For to rebell against their Prince and King. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. x. 26 When those gainst states and kingdomes do conjure, Who then can thinke their hedlong ruine to recure? a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Jas. I, Wks. 5 People believe not that any conjure against a prince, till they find the treason to have taken effect. 1656Blount Glossogr., Conjure, to swear or conspire together.
†b. to be conjured: to be sworn together in a confederacy or conspiracy. Obs.
1583T. Stocker Hist. Ciu. Warres Lowe C. i. 66 b, The Prince of Orange and the rest of the Estates, who were coniured in the lowe Countreys. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 693 Art thou hee Who..Drew after him the third part of Heav'ns Sons Conjur'd against the highest. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. liii. 576 The Guisian faction that..were conjured together to invade her kingdom.
†2. trans. To plan by conspiracy; to conspire.
1475Caxton Jason 77 b, And [he] promised so moche good that they conjured the deth of the king appollo.
II. To constrain by oath, to charge or appeal to solemnly. (Conˈjure; in 3 formerly ˈconjure.)
†3. trans. To constrain (a person to some action) by putting him upon his oath, or by appealing to something sacred; to charge or call upon in the name of some divine or sacred being; to adjure.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 172/2291 And is Abbod cam to him bi-fore is ende-dai And coniurede him þat he scholde after is deþe þere to him comen. a1300Cursor M. 17828 (Cott.) Baþ þoru þe lagh of moysi And thoru þair godd adonai..þai coniurd þam na soth to hel. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxvi. 63, I couniour [1388 coniure] thee by quycke God, that thou seie to us, ȝif thou be Crist. c1386Chaucer Prioress' T. 192. ? a 1400 Chester Pl. II. 64 Alas! death I counger thee The life soune thou take from me. c1450Merlin 22, I coniure the in the name of the fader, sone and holy goste that thow haue no power me to be-gyle. 1638Penit. Conf. xi. (1657) 302 The Priest is then conjur'd to secrecy. 1649Bp. Hall Cases Consc. iii. i. 224, I conjure thee ô thou creature of Galbanum..by the {cross} living God..that thou be for our defence. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian i, He called loudly and repeatedly, conjuring the unkown person to appear.
4. a. To entreat (a person) by something for which he has a strong regard; to appeal solemnly or earnestly to; to beseech, implore.
c1450Merlin 301, I hym coniured for that he loved beste in the worlde that he wolde gon his weye. 1604Case is Altered in Thynne's Animadv. (1865) Introd. 139 Shewing..all her wealth, which she conjured him to keepe secret. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. (1702) I. 290 He concluded with conjuring all his good Subjects..to joyn with him for the recovery of the Peace of That Kingdom. 1799S. Turner Anglo-Sax. I. iv. x. 338 He conjured them to act like men. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xx, The prisoner..conjured Jeanie to tell her the particulars of the conference. 1862Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) III. ix. x. 179 A Letter from the Queen, conjuring him to return without delay.
b. To earnestly entreat or beseech (something).
a1704T. Brown Dk. Ormond's Recov. Wks. 1730 I. 49 She..Conjures his aid and valour. 1823Scott Peveril xvii, I asked this interview, to conjure that you will break off all intercourse with our family.
III. To invoke by supernatural power, to effect by magic or jugglery. (ˈconjure; in 5 conˈjure is possible.)
5. a. To call upon, constrain (a devil or spirit) to appear or do one's bidding, by the invocation of some sacred name or the use of some ‘spell’. (Orig. not distinct from 3, but in later times passing into 8.)
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 35/45 Manie deuelene he coniurede þat huy to him wende. c1325Coer de L. 5491 A maytyr Negromancien That conjuryd, as I you telle, Thorwgh the feendes craft off helle, Twoo stronge feendes off the eyr. c1450Lonelich Grail xvi. 308 Iosephe..An ymage..coniowred there. And the devel there anon forth ryht Owt of the ymage isswed. c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. Introd. (Arb.) 34/1 He may coniure the deuyll of hell and do hym saye what so euer he wyl axe of hym. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 63 Thai that abuses the name of God to coungeir the devil be inchantmentes. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. iv. 60. 1601 Holland Pliny II. 203 Wise men of Persia called Magi, vsed this herb when they were minded to coniure and raise vp spirits. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. i. xxiii, The fiend himself they conjure from his den. a1627Middleton Mayor Queenb. v. i, O devil! I conjure thee by Amsterdam! 1837Macdougall tr. Graah's Exp. Greenland 123 Each angekkok has..his own guardian spirit, or familiar, whom he conjures, and consults as his oracle.
b. Const. up, down, out, away. (Cf. 8.)
a1625Fletcher Elder Bro. v. i, I'll conjure down the spirit That I have raised in him. 1649Selden Laws Eng. ii. xiii. (1739) 70 When all these Spirits are conjured down. 1650T. B. Worcester's Apoph. 99 As if..all the devils had bin conjur'd up.
6. intr. or absol. in same sense. Phr. a name to conjure with: a name of importance.
Passing from the mediæval sense sanctioned by religion, through that belonging to the belief in magic and witchcraft, to the practice of the modern professional ‘conjurer’ or juggler.
1393Gower Conf. III. 67 And therupon he gan conjure, So that..This lady..sigh her thought a dragon tho. c1420Anturs of Arth. xi, Thenne coniurt the knyȝt, and on Cryst callus. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 38 Who so euer..coniureth by his blessed passyon. c1590Greene Fr. Bacon ii. 151 If Master Burden could conjure as well as you he would have his book every night from Henley to study on at Oxford. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. ii. 146 Coniure with 'em [the names]. Brutus will start a Spirit as soone as Cæsar. 1681Dryden Sp. Fryar ii. iii, No sooner conjure but the Devil's in the Circle. 1748F. Smith Voy. Discov. N.W. Passage I. 199 The Men colour their Faces with Black Lead..when they go to conjure. 1894Somerville & ‘Ross’ Real Charlotte II. xxxi. 224 At about this time the person whose name Julia Duffy had so unfortunately selected to conjure with was sitting under a tree. 1901J. N. McIlwraith R. Campbell xxi. 263 These were the tried legions of France; Guienne, Berry, Béarn, [etc.]..names to conjure with, in Gilbert's estimation. 1917E. Wallace Just Men of Cordova ii. 31 Black grew in prosperity. His was a name to conjure with in certain circles. 1930R. Campbell Adamastor 104 ‘H. Wodson, a name to conjure with in the journalistic world.’—Natal Advertiser, edited by H. Wodson. 1954I. Murdoch Under Net xi. 154 His name, little known to the public, is one to conjure with in Hollywood.
†7. trans. To affect by invocation or incantation; to charm, bewitch. (By the Protestant Reformers applied opprobriously to consecration.)
(With the same transition of sense as 6.)
a1535Tindale Wks. 156 (R.) In coniuring of holy water they pray, that whosoeuer be sprinckled therewith may receave health as well of body as of soule. 1575G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 93, I began wonderfull straungelye to quiver and tremble and faynte..as if verilye I had bene coniurid or inchauntid therewith all. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 105, I therefore vouch againe, That with..some Dram, (coniur'd to this effect) He wrought vp on her. 1834W. Godwin Lives of Necromancers 346 The doctor [Faustus] at once conjured him, so that he could neither speak nor move.
8. To affect, effect, produce, bring out, convey away, by the arts of the conjurer or juggler.
a1535Tindale Wks. 15 (R.) Thou canst proue nothing: thou canst neuer coniure out confession thence. a1583Grindal Rem. (1843) 57 Christ took bread and left it bread: the priest taketh bread and conjureth it away. 1701J. Law Counc. Trade (1751) 120 By the inchantment of monopolies and exclusions..to conjure away the greatest and best part of the trade. 1748F. Smith Voy. Discov. N.W. Passage I. 236 One..telling the Governour of the Factory that he could conjure as good Brasil Tobacco as the Governour sold. 1784Cowper Task i. 571 Great skill have they..To conjure clean away the gold they touch. 1832H. Martineau Ireland iv. 67 Persuading the foreigners..that their vessel had been conjured away bodily to a distant point.
9. fig. (Forms of speech originating in earlier notions of conjuring.)
a. To influence as by magic or occult power to do something; to bring about as by magic or supernatural influence.
1601Cornwallyes Ess. ii. xxx. (1631) 47 Nor deserves it marvell, though it conjure hearts to bee the meanes of their owne overthrow. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 53 My Lords friendship with Mountjoy, which the Queen her self did then conjure. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 5 Could the Press be conjured to obey only an Imprimatur.
b. To bring, get, move, convey, as by magic.
1591Spenser M. Hubberd 510 So maist thou chaunce mock out a Benefice, Vnlesse thou canst one coniure by deuice. 1728Young Love Fame ii. (1757) 99 Florello, thou my monitor shalt be; I'll conjure thus some profit out of thee. 1775Sheridan Rivals i. ii, What has conjured you to Bath? 1820Procter (B. Cornwall) Marcian Colonna ii. iv, Art thou indeed no phantom which my brain Has conjured out of grief and desperate pain? 1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iii. 97 These phantoms could be made to disappear by an act of the will, and might be conjured into existence in the same manner.
c. to conjure up: to raise or bring into existence as by magic, occult influence, the art or tricks of the conjuror; to cause to appear to the fancy.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 158 A manly enterprize, To coniure teares vp in a poore maids eyes. 1759Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 369 A remonstrance was conjured up, from sundry inhabitants. 1784Cowper Task i. 151 My raptures are not conjur'd up To serve occasions of poetic pomp. 1820W. Irving Sketch-bk. I. 12 My imagination would conjure up all I had heard or read of the watery world. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. i. 12 The very sight of the narrow old streets conjures up the scene.
d. To exorcise, allay, quiet.
1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xlii. 162 The mutinous spirit of the army had been conjured by the intrigues of a woman.
▪ II. † conˈjure, n. Obs.
[ME., a. OF. conjure:—L. type *conjūria: cf. injure:—injūria.]
1. Conjuration, conjuring.
1393Gower Conf. II. 247 Him thought an hevenly figure, Which all by charme and by conjure Was wrought.
2. Conspiracy; = conjuration 1.
c1540Surrey Ecclesiastes iv. 41 And by conjures the seed of kings is thrust from state.
Restrict † Obs. to senses in Dict. Add: 3. W. Indies and Southern U.S. Blacks'. [f. the vb.] In folk-magic: a spell cast upon a person, = trick n. 5 c; the magic invoked by this. Chiefly attrib., as conjure doctor, conjure man, conjure woman = witch-doctor n. 1.
1895L. Herron in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 360/2 The conjure doctor's business was of two kinds; to conjure, or ‘trick’, a person, and to cure persons already ‘conjured’. 1895A. M. Bacon in Ibid. 367/1 The doctor will make an effort to find the ‘trick’ or ‘conjure’ and to identify the miscreant who has caused the trouble. 1899C. W. Chesnutt Conjure Woman 146 En so w'en he did n' git no better, she..went ter see ole Aun' Peggy, de cunjuh 'oman. 1909Sat. Even. Post 29 May 16/1 His mammy used to scare him with tales of the potent ‘conju-man’ who came down in this very swamp and changed skins with the devil. 1933E. Caldwell God's Little Acre iii. 33, I don't take any stock in superstition and conjur and such things. 1941Alabama (Federal Writers' Project) 380 There are ‘conjure doctors’, both white and black, who make their living by selling ‘tricks’ to the illiterate and superstitious. 1975New Yorker 29 Dec. 20/3 An old Haitian ‘conjure man’ is selling dolls and amulets. 1982Amer. Speech LVII. 55 The failure to make comparisons is least critical in the discussion of conjure..for the obvious reason that conjure practice is largely unique to the black community.
▪ III. conjure
corrupt form of congee. |