| 释义 |
radar orig. U.S.|ˈreɪdɑː(r)|
[f. radio detection and ranging.]
1. a. A system for detecting the presence of objects at a distance, or ascertaining their position or motion, by transmitting short radio waves and detecting or measuring their return after being reflected; also (secondary radar), a similar system in which the return signal consists of radio waves that a suitably equipped target automatically transmits when it receives the outgoing waves. Cf. radiolocation.
1941N.Y. Times 18 Nov. 8/4 The Navy undertook a special enlistment campaign today to recruit men for training in maintenance of the radio device known as ‘Radar’, which is used to locate ships and aircraft that are hidden by fog or darkness. 1943News Chron. 9 Feb. 4/6 He described Radar as ‘probably the most dramatic new weapon to come out of this war’. 1943Times 24 June 4/6 It is expected also to improve ‘radar’, the device for detecting enemy aircraft and ships. 1946Electronics Apr. 130/3 Frequency-modulation radar determines the distance to a reflecting surface..by measuring the frequency shift between transmitted and reflected waves. 1957Economist 7 Sept. 831 (Advt.), The performance of modern aircraft must be matched by the radio, radar and Doppler navigational aids necessary for their safe and efficient operation. 1959K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xxv. 34 Secondary radar, or the ATC radar-beacon system, solves the problem of identification of the individual aircraft in air-traffic control. 1960J. D. Haigh Radiolocation Techniques xiv. 213 Another advantage of secondary radar is that if the ‘responding’ transmitter is made to radiate on a frequency different from that of the ‘interrogating’ transmitter, the received picture will be completely free from all permanent echoes and no targets other than those with responding transmitters will be seen. 1962R. M. Page Origin of Radar i. 15 The name ‘radar’ was coined from the words Radio Detection And Ranging by two U.S. Naval officers, F. R. Furth and S. M. Tucker. 1971D. W. Sciama Mod. Cosmol. i. 2 The distance of the Sun is determined most accurately by radar. 1977C. McCullough Thorn Birds xvii. 451 The field which had fascinated him since he first got acquainted with radar: electronics.
b. (An) apparatus or an installation used for this system.
1945Electronics Apr. 92/1 The free-space radar equation relates the power radiated from the radar..to the power delivered to the terminals of the receiver. 1945Proc. IRE XXXIII. 740/2 An army radar, the SCR-270, gave warning of the impending attack on Pearl Harbor. 1959K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xxv. 34 Present-day precision approach radars look only 20 deg in azimuth and 6 deg in elevation. 1967Listener 9 Feb. 185/3 A ‘thin area defence’ for the whole United States, consisting of a dozen Spartan batteries and the relevant radars, would cost about $4,000 million. 1971Sci. Amer. Oct. 73 (Advt.), APQ-140 is a digitally controlled phased array radar system that does the job formerly requiring several radars. 1977Navy News Aug. 34 (Advt.), We're working on a wide variety of radars for applications throughout the world.
c. fig. An intuitive perception or sense of awareness attributed to or regarded as a characteristic of a person.
1950‘D. Divine’ King of Fassarai xxix. 262 Thirty-kid power radar. Nothing ever gets by 'em. 1959Listener 1 Jan. 31/3 With that political radar with which all good Levantine rulers are endowed, he succeeded for years. 1975D. M. Davin Closing Times vi. 142 With that radar sense of quality that governed his taste in poetry and other people's clothes, he chose her own favourite scarf. 1976P. Alexander Death of Thin-Skinned Animal xviii. 183 That's what Joan thinks..intuition, female radar, or maybe she read it in the tea-leaves.
d. transf.
1963[see lidar]. 1974Physics Bull. Jan. 11/2 Like ordinary radar, laser radar is based on the detection of a signal scattered from some object. If a laser beam is emitted into the atmosphere, some of the radiation will be absorbed by atmospheric molecules, some will be scattered by them..and some will be scattered by aerosols. 1974Sci. Amer. Mar. 83/2 One of the more promising instruments is an acoustic-radar detector, in which a noise signal is transmitted from the ground and is deflected by interaction with the vortex.
2. attrib. and Comb. radar altimeter, radar astronomy, radar beam, radar dish [dish n. 4 b], radar echo, radar equation, radar equipment, radar eye, radar operator, radar reconnaissance, radar set, radar signal, radar station, radar system; radar-controlled, radar-directed ppl. adjs.; radar-ranging vbl. n.; Radar Alley (see quot. 1971); radar beacon, a radio transmitter that automatically transmits a return signal when it receives a signal from a radar transmitter; esp. one that transmits a coded signal enabling it to be identified; radar fence, a line of radar stations for giving warning of intrusions into the air space behind it; radar man, radarman, a man trained to operate radar equipment; radar map, a map compiled from radar observations; hence radar-map v. trans., -mapping vbl. n.; radar net, a network of radar stations, esp. a radar fence; radar picket, a picket-ship specially equipped with radar; radar plotter, one who plots the direction and course of objects from radar observations; radar scanner, a rotatable aerial for transmitting and receiving radar signals; radar screen, the screen of a radarscope; also fig.; radar-sonde, a sonde which can be tracked by radar so that information on the wind may be obtained as well as the usual meteorological information; radar speed detector, trap, etc. = radar trap; radar-track v. trans., to track by radar; also fig.; radar trap, a speed trap in which speed is measured using radar and the Doppler effect.
1971M. Tak Truck Talk 127 Radar Alley, Interstate 90, between Cleveland and the New York line; so named because of the numerous radar traps set on the road. 1976Perkowski & Stral Joy of CB 174 The name of Radar Alley..aptly applies to the Ohio Turnpike..that is heavily patrolled by bears.
1946Electronics Apr. 130/2 A detailed description of an f-m radar altimeter may now be given, following the declassification of the model AN/APN-1 altimeter. 1951Jrnl. Brit. Interplanetary Soc. X. 101 This means a vertical descent using reverse rocket braking in conjunction with a radar-altimeter and landing legs. 1978Nature 10 Aug. 540/1 Balloon-borne radar altimeters have also been used to map surface topography in Antarctica.
1959Davies & Palmer Radio Studies of Universe i. 3 This discovery laid the foundation for the second branch of the science of radio astronomy, that of radar astronomy which probes the nearest inhabitants in space—the meteors, moon and planets—using the radio-echo technique. 1969Sci. News Yearbk. 83 Radar astronomy had done particularly well with its studies of nearer planets, especially Venus.
1945Electronic Engin. XVII. 685/2 By this means our airborne forces were enabled to direct themselves to any given point in hostile country where an advance party had already installed a ‘Radar beacon’. 1958Listener 13 Nov. 779/1 Navigational aids, such as radio stations and radar beacons, are few. 1959[see sense 1 a above]. 1965D. K. Barton in R. S. Berkowitz Mod. Radar ii. 12 A modern radar beacon weighing a few pounds can receive signals 100 db below 1 watt and retransmit them as 100-watt pulses, providing tremendous range extension.
1958Times 9 Oct. 10/2 When the rockets burn out,..the missile coasts to the target, riding along the centre of a radar beam which is directed by the pilot of the launching aircraft.
1959N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 183 The other-directed man is flexible... His movement is ‘radar-controlled’,..his ‘taste’ rather than his work the primary concern... He obeys ‘the process of paying close attention to the signals from others’. 1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War xxxi. 265 He also concluded that some of the lights were radar-controlled.
1947Crowther & Whiddington Science at War 75 H.M.S. Warspite fired her first radar-directed broadside.
1952Electronic Engin. XXIV. 126/1 A 3 centimetre radar installation with a v.h.f., d.f. receiver, the radar dish being mounted on a common rotatable shaft with the d.f. aerial. 1969New Yorker 11 Oct. 51/1 In the gaunt shade of oil rigs and radar dishes.
1946Electronic Engin. XVIII. 149/2 The technique of setting the calibration pip against the radar echo is one which gives surprisingly accurate results. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iii. 65 The first radar echoes were returned from the Moon in 1946.
1945D. G. Fink in Electronics Apr. 92/1 The basic factors concerned are the formation and propagation of radio beams, and the reflection of radio waves when they encounter a sudden change in the electrical properties of the transmission medium... The equation which links these factors may be termed appropriately the radar equation. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XI. 200/2 The strength of echo signals is related to the parameters of the radar system by the radar equation.
1944Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLVIII. 103 Tests of various wireless and Radar equipment. 1976Daily Mirror 16 July 2/2 The cases are believed to contain aircraft parts and radar equipment.
1957R. Watson-Watt Three Steps to Victory xliii. 249 British fighters could entrust themselves to the..far-seeing radar-eye. 1977R.A.F. News 5–18 Jan. 9/1 The Shackleton airborne early warning aircraft of Lossiemouth's 8 Squadron..act as airborne radar eyes searching for low-flying aircraft.
1948Sat. Even. Post 21 Aug. 27/1 There are wide gaps in the Soviet radar fence. Russia is too huge to be rimmed completely with twirling antennas. 1957R. Watson-Watt Three Steps to Victory (caption to plate facing p. 320) The 350 ft. steel lattice masts on ‘T’ site. Combined with ultra-short-wave-radiation these ensured that the outer edge of the radar fence could be set far enough from the British coasts.
1942Radio-Craft Jan.–Feb. 332/1 ‘Radar’ men will operate the newly perfected radio device which locates planes in flight. 1946P. Carter in Aldiss & Harrison Decade 1940's (1975) 109 He was at once geologist, radarman, vibration expert and navigator. 1966M. Woodhouse Tree Frog x. 75 Pzenica, the radar man from Poland, was standing over me. 1977R.A.F. News 5–18 Jan. 8/2 The Buchan radarmen help to look after the safety of these fliers.
1960Sci. Amer. Aug. 59/1 The radar mapping experiment marks the first trial of this technique. Ibid. 59/2 (caption) Radar map of the moon. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iii. 65 In January, 1960, a preliminary radar map of the Moon was made from 440 mc observations performed with the 84-ft antenna at Millstone Hill, in Massachusetts. 1970New Scientist 19 Feb. 361/1 Each Victor can radar-map the entire Mediterranean in one seven-hour sortie.
1948Sun (Baltimore) 3 June 2/3 Representative Vinson (D., Ga.) introduced a bill to authorize construction of a radar net along the coasts of the United States and Alaska. 1964G. Lyall Most Dangerous Game vi. 48 The border could be flown all right... The Finns didn't have a complete radar net along it, and most pilots knew just where the Finnish radar stations were.
1945Yank 5 Oct. 16/3 Radar operators and observers were known as ‘radio operators’. 1967L. B. Archer in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Management Technol. vii. 129 Some of the early experiments [in ergonomics] were to determine the best spacing of markings on instrument dials so that the pilot or gunner or radar operator could read them rapidly and accurately.
1952Jane's Fighting Ships 1952–53 p. vii, Among the recent U.S. photographs added to this issue are those of the..radar picket William T. Powell. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XII. 264/2 Some U.S. Navy destroyers are specially fitted as radar pickets, and some British ones as aircraft fighter directors.
1957Technology Dec. 358/3 This new principle of design may be contrasted with the old by considering the radar plotter tracking targets on his radar tube. 1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War xxiii. 196 She..had been taken on with two other girls at Bawdsey by Watson-Watt to see whether girls would make good radar-plotters.
1976Sci. Amer. Feb. 51/1 The second astronomical experiment consists of precise radar-ranging measurements of the distance between the earth and the inner planets Mercury and Venus.
1959Daily Tel. 7 Mar. 7/3 An area equal to the whole of the Mediterranean could be covered in a single radar reconnaissance by one aircraft.
1946Electronics Oct. 35 (Advt.), Aircraft radar scanner. 1947Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 15 Dec. 2/3 New radar scanner to watch the skies for airplanes approaching New York airport is now in experimental operation. 1976‘A. York’ Dark Passage xiii. 164 Her radio aerial and the radar scanner on her wheelhouse roof remained visible.
1945Instruments XVIII. 745/1 Its beam-splitter..allows operator to view radar reflection in normal manner while image on radar screen is reflected up into camera. 1958New Statesman 18 Jan. 64/1 What is needed is ‘patience’: the West is to sit behind the radar screens and rocket bases waiting for a change of heart, and perhaps a change of regime, in Russia. 1977J. Bingham Marriage Bureau Murders v. 58 He was reluctant to switch from thinking about her... He kept her within the radar screen of his mind.
1946Electronic Engin. XVIII. 2 The operation of a Radar set as a position finder. 1947Daily Mail 22 May 3/6 Radar sets which will ‘see’ through fog are to be fitted in long-distance passenger trains as soon as materials are available.
1969Times 25 Mar. 12/6 By bouncing radar signals off Venus, scientists from the United States have counted the numbers of electrons in the space between the planets.
1949Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LIII. 441/1 At T.R.E. the wind-finding responder is being adapted for use as a ‘radarsonde’, meteorological instruments to measure pressure, temperature and humidity being mounted towards the top of the responder. 1956Nature 17 Mar. 520/1 Progress was made in the measurement of solar radiation and in the development of the new radar-sonde.
1957Times 4 Oct. 6/4 A London electronics engineer described to Leyland magistrates to-day the effects of laboratory and outside tests he had carried out on a radar speed detector to assess the effects of extraneous sources on the accuracy of the instrument.
1962Daily Tel. 22 May 24/6 [He] complained through his solicitor that police radar speed traps were ‘un-British’ when he was fined {pstlg}10..for speeding... Police said Cadbury went through a radar speed check at 58 mph. 1971Observer 26 Sept. 9/5 Radar speed traps are being planned for a 60-mile stretch of the River Nene..to stop boats from exceeding the seven m.p.h. limit.
1945Times 15 Aug. 5/6 By December 1935, the experimental work was sufficiently advanced for the Air Ministry to decide on establishing a chain of five radar stations on the east coast of England... This was the first operational radar system installed anywhere in the world. 1958New Statesman 22 Feb. 223/2 Radar stations at sea picked up ‘blips’ suggesting that an air armada was flying at 2,000 mph towards the interior of the United States. 1978R. V. Jones Most Secret War xxiii. 196 It happened that this sortie was also plotted by a German radar station north-west of Brest.
1945Radar system [see radar station above].
1956Tuscaloosa (Alabama) News 31 July 11/6 The Italian Line said the Doria radar-tracked the oncoming Stockholm before the fatal crash. 1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 24, I felt a hand traverse the lower areas of my back. In seconds—radar-tracked by my whisker-sensitive pubic hairs—it was treading air above my groin.
1962Punch 18 July 74/3 A motorist has been acquitted of a speeding charge because the radar trap that provided the evidence against him could not be put on oath. 1975Globe & Mail (Toronto) 4 June 1/6 A check with the radar trap involved showed the limousine was doing a mere 71 miles an hour in a 70-mile-an-hour zone. |