| 释义 |
radicalism|ˈrædɪkəlɪz(ə)m|
[f. radical a. or n. + -ism.]
1. a. The political views or principles characteristic of radicals.
1820Chron. in Ann. Reg. i. 418 You are cherishing in the mind of the multitude the spirit of ‘radicalism’. 1852Smedley L. Arundel xxiv. 179 In all cases of incipient radicalism, chartist tendencies, or socialist symptoms, his Grace was an infallible specific. 1870Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 436, I was determined that my Radicalism should not be called in question.
b. transf. Thoroughness of method.
1830Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 306 This is an attempt to carry radicalism into Geometry; always meaning by radicalism, the application of sound reason to tracing consequences to their roots. 1885Max Müller in 19th Cent. XVIII. 921 There is a true radicalism in scholarship, which despises all measures which do not go to the roots of things.
c. Views or principles favouring radical social or political change and reform (see radical a. 3 d).
1899C. B. R. Kent Eng. Radicals i. 4 When contentment reigns, and there is satisfaction with the present, then radicalism languishes. 1925tr. Trotsky's Lenin 45 What a contrast Vera Ivanovna, with her indefinite radicalism, her subjectivity, and her confusion presented to Vladimir Ilyich. Ibid. 85 The shell of intellectual radicalism. 1938H. A. Murray Explor. in Personality iii. 226 The S [sc. subject] favours modern art, the rejection of sex taboos, socialism,..progressive schools, the humane treatment of criminals, etc. Radicalism is usually opposed to authority, to any force that restrains liberty. 1960A. B. Ulam Unfinished Revol. iii. 78 The element of ethnic hostility..may become subdued..if that radicalism is assimilated into socialism. Or it may become expanded if the radicalism is absorbed into a revolutionary movement with nationalistic or fascist characteristics. 1968Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. XIII. 299/1 Radicalism is a part of the general theme of the growth of rationalistic ethics. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship vi. ii. 282 Like the urban petty bourgeoisie, the small-holders are at once drawn towards ‘democratic’ radicalism, and..especially likely..to give massive support to Bonapartist forms of State.
d. Psychol. radicalism-conservatism: an axis of attitude measurement sometimes used for personality testing.
[1930T. F. Lentz in Jrnl. Social Psychol. I. 537 Since the original purpose was to measure radicalism and conservatism, statements were chosen which would involve this characteristic. The statements used are drawn from various fields of interest: ethics, education, feminism,..sex and marriage, politics, race relations.] 1944G. Myrdal Amer. Dilemma II. App. ii. 1038 The place of the individual scientist in the scale of radicalism-conservatism has always had strong influences upon both the selection of research problems and the conclusions drawn from research. In a sense it is the master scale of biases in the social sciences. 1953H. J. Eysenck Structure of Human Personality vii. 224 His [sc. Carlson's] second factor, radicalism-conservatism, opposed belief in God to an attitude favourable to pacifism and communism. 1965R. Brown Social Psychol. x. 535 Our problem..is that communism and fascism are opposite extremes on a left to right or radicalism-conservatism dimension.
2. The subject of (Hebrew) roots.
1849S. R. Maitland Illustr. Mesmerism i. 61 No point in Hebrew radicalism would have been considered more clear and indisputable. |