| 释义 |
contemplate, v.|ˈkɒntəmpleɪt, kənˈtɛmpleɪt|
[f. L. contemplāt- ppl. stem of contemplāre, -ārī: see contemple.
In a few rare cases (Shakes., Hudibras) stressed ˈcontemplate in 16–17th c.; also by Kenrick 1773, Webster 1828, among writers on pronunciation. Byron, Shelley, and Tennyson have both modes, but the orthoepists generally have conˈtemplate down to third quarter of 19th c.; since that time ˈcontemplate has more and more prevailed, and conˈtemplate begins to have a flavour of age. This is the common tendency with all verbs in -ate. Of these, the antepenult stress is historical in all words in which the penult represents a short Latin syllable, as acˈcelerate, ˈanimate, ˈfascinate, ˈmachinate, ˈmilitate, or one prosodically short or long, as in ˈcelebrate, ˈconsecrate, ˈemigrate; regularly also when the penult has a vowel long in Latin, as ˈalienate, ˈaspirate, conˈcatenate, ˈdenudate, eˈlaborate, ˈindurate, ˈpersonate, ˈruinate (L. aliēno, aspīro, etc.). But where the penult has two or three consonants giving positional length, the stress has historically been on the penult, and its shift to the antepenult is recent or still in progress, as in acervate, adumbrate, alternate, compensate, concentrate, condensate, confiscate, conquassate, constellate, demonstrate, decussate, desiccate, enervate, exacerbate, exculpate, illustrate, inculcate, objurgate, etc., all familiar with penult stress to middle-aged men. The influence of the noun of action in -ation is a factor in the change; thus the analogy of ˌconseˈcration, ˈconsecrate, etc., suggests ˌdemonˈstration, ˈdemonstrate. But there being no remonstration in use, reˈmonstrate, supported by reˈmonstrance, keeps the earlier stress.]
1. trans. To look at with continued attention, gaze upon, view, observe; = behold 7 a. (Now usually with mixture of sense 2: To observe or look at thoughtfully.)
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. vi. §5 The day wherein God did rest and contemplate his own works. 1671Milton P.R. i. 380 To love, at least contemplate and admire What I see excellent in good, or fair. 1700Dryden Fables, Pythag. Philos. 350 On the verge of death he stands Contemplating his former feet and hands. 1833H. Martineau Vanderput & S. i. 9 Contemplating her from head to foot. 1860Hawthorne Transf. i, The beautiful statue which they were contemplating. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. v. 149 Whence Moses contemplated the Promised Land.
2. To view mentally; to consider attentively, meditate upon, ponder, study.
1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 13 As for the soule..so farre forth as she is able to contemplate herselfe. 1626Bacon Sylva §103 The cause..would be better contemplated. 1703Tate Her Majesty's Pict. xiii, O Pow'r, Contemplate here thy own Display! 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §95 In contemplating the use and benefit of such a structure as this. 1814Byron Lara i. x, Such scene his soul no more could contemplate. 1850Tennyson In. Mem. cxviii, Contemplate all this work of Time. 1886Morley Ht. Martineau Crit. Misc. III. 202 Her manner of life during these years is pleasant to contemplate.
3. To consider in a certain aspect; to look upon, regard.
1799S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. iii. i. 149 [It] must not be contemplated as a barbarisation of the country. 1821J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. iii. 84 Is it not necessary to contemplate it in all its aspects? 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 573 The Court could not contemplate the bill with satisfaction.
4. To have in view, look for, expect, take into account as a contingency to be provided for.
1792A. Hamilton Let. to G. Washington 19 Nov. Wks. 1851 IV. 329 The decree..contemplated a negociation between the executive power in France and our minister there. 1807J. Marshall Const. Opin. (1839) 44 Their opinions, however, contemplate the actual employment of force. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iv. xxvii. 308 Never did Judaism contemplate the entire consecration of every individual soul to God. 1885Sir H. Cotton in Law Times Rep. LII. 291 So far as we can judge from his will, he did not contemplate the event which has happened.
b. To have in view as a purpose; to intend, purpose.
1816J. C. Hobhouse Subst. of Lett. I. 7 A single evidence that her usurper had ever contemplated to make her beautiful or great. 1839S. R. Maitland Eight Ess. (1852) 176 nor does it appear that he held any heresy, or contemplated any schism. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 289 No further..measures were immediately contemplated against the clergy. 1858Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 81, I hope she does not contemplate coming to the morning reading.
c. To regard, respect, have reference to.
1875E. White Life in Christ iii. xvii. (1878) 206 A divine regenerative process..which contemplates the whole humanity, body as well as soul.
5. intr. To be occupied in contemplation; to meditate, muse.
1592Davies Immort. Soul xxvii. ii, Will ever acts, and wit contemplates still. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. v. 33 So many Houres, must I Contemplate: So many Houres, must I Sport my selfe. 1712Steele Spect. No. 526 ⁋2 To contemplate in the fresh Air. 1814Southey Roderick xxi. 419 Julian was silent then, and sate contemplating.
†6. contemplate on, upon:
a. to look at attentively, gaze thoughtfully upon; = sense 1. Obs.
1620Shelton Quix. III. xxix. 202 First he contemplated on the Amenity of those Banks, the Clearness of the Water. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. 45 They that contemplate on the Starry Sky.
†b. To meditate upon; = sense 2. (Also with over). Obs.
1606G. W[oodcocke] Ivstine A iv b, By contemplating on the vertue of good men. 1635Austin Medit. 194 But retyred in the Wildernesse..to contemplate on the presence of God. a1650Peacham (J.) Sapor had an heaven of glass, which he trod upon, contemplating over the same. 1676Hale Contempl. i. 440 Contemplating upon thy Goodness and Excellency. 1717Bullock Wom. a Riddle iv. 45, I cou'd contemplate on these lines to perpetuity. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. i. 8 Too deeply occupied by their own projects to contemplate on those of others.
Hence contemplated ppl. a., contemplating vbl. n. and ppl. a.; contemplatingly adv., in a contemplating manner, contemplatively.
1670Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 188 A mere contemplating man. 1751E. Haywood Betsy Tho. III. 29 She was in this contemplating mood, when, etc. 1818Keats Endymion i. 355 Who thus were ripe for high contemplating. a1822Shelley Assassins iv. Ess. & Lett. (Camelot ed.) 178 The stranger gazed upon it..thoughtfully and contemplatingly. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola ii. ii, Apart from any contemplated gain to himself. |