| 释义 |
sociology|səʊʃɪˈɒlədʒɪ, səʊsɪ-|
[ad. F. sociologie (Comte): see socio- 2 and -logy.]
1. a. The science or study of the origin, history, and constitution of human society; social science. Also, the study of social organization and institutions and of collective behaviour and interaction, including the individual's relationship to the group; also attrib.
1843Blackw. Mag. LIII. 397 These are to constitute a new science, to be called Social Ethics, or Sociology. 1851Fraser's Mag. XLIV. 452 The new science of sociology, as it is barbarously termed. 1873Spencer Stud. Sociol. iii. 59 Sociology has to recognize truths of social development, structure and function. 1897L. F. Ward Social Philos. i. iv. 66 The nature of this being, man, whose associative habits form the chief subject of sociology. 1927P. Sorokin Social Mobility p. ix, Speculative sociology is passing over. An objective, factual, behavioristic, and quantitative sociology is..superseding it. 1932S. & B. Webb Meth. of Social Study i. 3 Sociology is concerned not with the individual man, regarded as a living organism.., but with relations among men. 1951Spaulding & Simpson tr. E. Durkheim (title) Suicide. A study in sociology. 1965Howard & Weaver tr. Aron's Main Currents in Sociolog. Thought 8 Sociology may be said to be characterized by two specific aims which account for its nature. On the one hand, sociology lays claim to objective and scientific knowledge. On the other, what it claims to know objectively and scientifically is some vaguely defined thing we call society or societies or social phenomena. 1977R. Holland Self & Social Context ix. 260 A college would rather fall below its intake targets and lose revenue than take in sociology students. 1980Daily Tel. 17 Apr. 10/8 He told me that he taught sociology and I told him straight that hogwash was not one of my subjects.
b. The application of sociological concepts and analysis to the social context of other disciplines or fields; a particular sociological system.
1916E. Ehrlich in Harvard Law Rev. XXIX. 582 Mr. Justice Holmes has suggested a criticism of my book on the sociology of law..in that he finds therein no reference to Montesquieu. 1928P. Sorokin Contemp. Sociological Theories i. 40 It will be more convenient to discuss his [sc. Weber's] sociology in the chapters on the sociology of religion. 1936Wirth & Shils tr. Mannheim's Ideology & Utopia ii. 69 The simple theory of ideology develops into the sociology of knowledge. 1947J. Wach (title) Sociology of religion. 1965Howard & Weaver tr. Aron's Main Currents in Sociological Thought 7 The specialized sociologies—the sociology of science, the sociology of language, the sociology of art, the sociology of literature—are attempts to explain the evolution of human phenomena in relation to the social milieu. 1978Amer. N. & Q. Feb. 92/1 The first volume..contains seven essays on the sociology of reading. 1980English World-Wide I. 179 The sociology of language..uses linguistic information as a means of describing social phenomena.
2. The study of plant or animal communities. Cf. phytosociology.
1932Fuller & Conard tr. Braun-Blanquet's Plant Sociol. 1 We may divide all biology into (1) idiobiology: the science of individual organisms; and (2) sociology: the science of organic communities. The latter is divided into the social science of man (sociology in the usual sense), zoosociology, and phytosociology or plant sociology. 1932S. Zuckerman Social Life Monkeys & Apes i. 9 Mammalian sociology has developed without any real regard for questions concerning the validity of anecdotal and anthropomorphic evidence. 1953D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles I. 35 We are learning more and more regarding what may be termed the sociology of birds. 1960N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. iii. 92 Plant sociology, where considerations of life-forms may help in the description of the structure of the communities. |