| 释义 |
▪ I. convict, ppl. a.|kənˈvɪkt|
[ad. L. convict-us proved, convicted, confuted, pa. pple. of convincĕre: see convince. It occurs in AFr. in Act. 38 Edw. III, 1364–5.]
†A. as pa. pple. Obs.
1. Proved or pronounced guilty of an offence by a tribunal. Const. of.
a1340Hampole Psalter vi. 1 Lord in thi dome..sett noght swilk skilles agayns me þat i be conuycte. 1382Wyclif Ex. xxi. 17 Who stelith a man, and sellith hym, conuycte [1388 conuyt] of the trespas, with deeth dye he. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 411/3 Wherof he was conuycte and wes shorne a monke. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. i. (Arb.) 47 Him that is conuicte of manslaughter. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. iv. 192. 1670 Cotton Espernon iii. xii. 636 He had been Convict of having four Wives at one and the same time. 1738Hist. Crt. Excheq. v. 96 He shall be held as convict. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. v. i. 481 Convict by many witnesses..of the guilt of treachery and treason.
b. with other const.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 459 They that were convict in conspiracie aȝenst hym. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. vi. 24 Mysdoaris for þare trespas convyct. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 154 The Jewys of Norwych were convicte before the Kyng, that thei had stole a child. 1525Tindale N.T. Prol., We..are..convicte to eternall damnacioun. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 20 Suche..be as conuyct in the same iniury. a1619Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 94 A witch, which is convict to have eaten a man. a1734North Exam., Chronol. 24 May 1681, Welmore convict for kidnapping.
2. Proved guilty of error or reprehensible action.
1382Wyclif 1 Cor. xiv. 24 If alle men prophecien, forsoth if ony vnfeithful man or ydiot entre, he is conuict of alle, he is wyseli demed of alle. 1515Barclay Egloges iii. (1570) c iij/1 He shalbe convict of liuing repreuable. 1616B. Jonson Epigrammes i. lxviii, Playwright convict of publick wrongs to men. 1700Dryden Fables, Cinyras & M. 228 For Myrrha stood convict of ill, Her reason vanquish'd but unchang'd her will. a1845Hood Ghost xiii, And you, Sir..Of perjured faith convict.
3. Proved, demonstrated, made evident.
c1400Apol. Loll. 3 He is conuict not to be His vicar.
4. Brought to internal conviction.
1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 36 Cain no doubte was conuict in conscience. 1613Jackson Creed i. cxvi. Wks. I. 115 The later Grecians having their consciences convict with the evidence.
5. Overcome, vanquished, subdued.
c1430J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. 147 Oure faderis here-beforn..were neuere in bataill, neyther conuycte ne lorn. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 129 Which [food] for the copye and superfluite therof can not be conuicte ne ouercume of nature.
¶ Accused.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 132 No fault could be found against any of the Personnes that were convict before the king. By reason wherof, diverse..were restored to their offices.
B. as adj.
1. = convicted.
1549Coverdale in Udall's Erasm. Par., James 30 A convicte transgressour of the lawe. a1625in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 343 His wife being a convict popish Recusant. a1695Wood Life (1848) 313 note, A convict libeller. 1712Steele Spect. No. 528 ⁋1 By fineing Batchelors as Papists convict. 1865Nichols Britton II. 2 Unless he died as a felon convict.
†2. Proved, manifest. Obs.
1741Warburton Div. Legat. II. 481 To argue against convict impertinencies.
▪ II. convict, n.1|ˈkɒnvɪkt|
[f. prec., with subseq. shift of the stress.]
1. One convicted in a judicial investigation of a punishable offence. arch.
1530–1Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 15 All wilfull escapes, as well of conuictes as of other persones. 1590Greenwood Collect. Sclaund. Art. A ij b, Who..might delyuer them, as conuicts of heresie vnto the secular powers. 1740Propos. Prov. Poor 13 Convicts of Theft and Robberies..may be committed. 1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 44 The following convicts were executed at Tyburn pursuant to their sentence. 1858J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 83 That this Galilean convict shall be the world's confessed deliverer.
2. spec. A condemned criminal serving a sentence of penal servitude.
1786Trials, etc., of J. Shepherd 49 The intended transportation of convicts to the new settlements at Botany Bay. 1823Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 15/1 Under the infamous term convict, are comprehended crimes of the most different degrees and species of guilt. One man is transported for, etc. 1841–44Emerson Ess., Politics Wks. (Bohn) I. 242 The children of the convicts at Botany Bay. Mod. Escape of a convict from Dartmoor.
†3. A person proved to be wrong. Obs.
1581Lambarde Eiren. iv. xiv. (1588) 562 Even so were these conuicts ridiculously purged by them.
4. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly in sense 2).
a. of or pertaining to convicts or to the system of keeping convicted criminals in penal establishments or settlements;
b. used for convicts, as convict-barge, convict-colony, convict-dress, convict-hulk, convict-prison, convict-ship, etc.
a.1811Bentham Wks. XI. 152 The convict population of the country. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 138/1 The importation of negro slaves..soon lowered the value of convict labour. 1863P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 145 The unwieldy convict gangs. 1887Times 26 Aug. 7/5 Of convict life in the Australian colonies.
b.1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 158 The Bishop sent him to the convict Prison. 1758J. Blake Plan Mar. Syst. 50 The infection which a few hands taken out of a..convict-ship spread amongst the..seamen. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 146/2 On board the different convict-hulks a book is kept by an overseer, in which are entered the names of all convicts. 1849E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. p. xviii, Giving the Mother Country the right to make the Cape a Convict Colony. 1885Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cxxxii. 18 It shall be their convict dress to all eternity. 1890Century Mag. XXXVIII. 743/2 He was..incarcerated in the central convict-prison at Kharkoff.
▪ III. † conˈvict, n.2 Obs. Sc.
[f. convict v.]
= conviction, verdict of guilty.
1567Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 566 (Jam.) The pretendit convict, decreit, and dome gevin in the Justice court. Ibid. 577 Diuerss poinctes and articles contenit in the convict foirsaid.
▪ IV. convict, v.|kənˈvɪkt|
[f. L. convict- ppl. stem of convinc-ĕre (see convince). Cf. convict ppl. a., which was in use before the other parts of the vb.; the pa. tense was also formerly sometimes convict(e.]
1. trans. To prove (a person) guilty of an offence which makes him liable to legal punishment; spec. to find or declare guilty, after trial before a legal tribunal, by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge. Const. of. (= convince 4.)
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 75 God techiþ..þat o trewe man, as danyel dede, schal conuycte two false prestis. 1516in Myrr. our Ladye p. lix, To haue conuyctyd hym of heresye. 1584D. Powel Lloyd's Cambria 387 No englishman should be conuicted except by English Judges. a1610Healey Theophrastus (1636) 25 Being convicted of theft, he shall be drawn and halled by head and shoulders. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. v. 332 If we believe some historians, they were convicted by sufficient evidence. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 196 Lawrence Earl Ferrers..was convicted and executed for murder, in the year 1760. 1839Thirlwall Greece VI. 323 The attempts..made by the accusers of Socrates to convict him of treason against the Athenian commonwealth.
†b. with other const. Obs.
1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xviii. iii. 108 His wife..by good proofe was convicted to have written the same. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 468 The Spaniard..was afterwards convicted, that he would by treachery have invaded his Castles upon the Sound.
c. absol.
1841–4Emerson Ess., Compens. Wks. (Bohn) I. 42 If you make the criminal code sanguinary, juries will not convict. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 177 A single justice of the peace might convict without a jury.
2. To prove or declare guilty of reprehensible conduct, error, etc.; now taken as transf. from prec. Const. of († for). (= convince 4.)
c1366Chaucer A.B.C. 86 That he hath in hise lystes of mischaunce Conuict þat ye boþe haue bouht so deere. 1382Wyclif Dan. xiii. 61 Danyel hadde conuict [1388 conuyctid] hem of her mouth, for to haue saide fals witnessyng. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 82 Augustin..mad many bokes; convicte many herisies. 1652F. Hawkins Youth's Behav. i. §32 (1663) 7 That will..convict thee of a desire to have executed it thyself. 1708J. Partridge (title) 'Squire Bickerstaff detected; or the astrological impostor convicted. 1840Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile Poems (1850) I. 21, I..look away from Earth which doth convict me. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 136 One could hardly be convicted now of want of sensibility, if, etc.
b. transf.
1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 10 That boundless plain of Languedoc, convicted of all guide-books of being arid, brown, and wholly uninteresting. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §7. 99, I have just convicted the Greek fret of ugliness.
†3. To prove, establish by proof, as against assertions to the contrary. (= convince 5.) (Orig. of things blamable.) Obs.
c1400Apol. Loll. 3 If he be conuicted not to luf, ne to do þe office of Crist. 1558Kennedy Tractive in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 119 Thir twa argumentis..convictis the generale Counsalis to be the membir of the Congregatioun representand the universale Kirk. 1563Homilies ii. Rebellion ii. (1859) 565 Convicting such subjects..to be neither good subjects nor good men. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. (J.), Imagining that these proofs will convict a testament to have that in it which other men can nowhere by reading find. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physick 137 Cold water may be allowed to those are used to it, on the state and the matter being convicted.
4. To bring conviction or acknowledgement of error home to (a person); to impress with the sense of sinfulness. Cf. conviction 8.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 b, Notwithstandynge that theyr owne reason conuicted them. 1611Bible John viii. 9 They..being conuicted by their owne conscience, went out one by one. 1624Fletcher Wife for Month iv. i, You are too late convicted to be good yet. 1862Furnivall Pref. R. Brunne's Handl. Synne 18 You yet speak to us, and convict us of sin as we read your words. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 227 He is supposed to have a mission to convict men of self-conceit.
†5. To compel (a person) by proof, argument, etc. to acknowledge an assertion, confess an opinion, etc.; = convince 3. Obs.
1583Golding Calvin on Deut. vii. 39 The people were conuicted of Gods mighty working in their behalfe. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. i. iv. (1622) 7 He would..by his owne confession conuict him, that the Common-wealth was but one body. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. i. 3 He did not indubitably believe, untill he was after convicted in the visible example of Abel. 1659M. Casaubon Pref. Dee's Relat. Spir. D j b, If by that time he be not convicted he shall have my good will to give it over.
6. To prove (a doctrine (obs.) or its holders) to be wrong, erroneous, or false; = convince 6. arch.
1594[see conviction 3]. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. viii. 122 Which conceit being already convicted, not only by Scaliger, Riolanus and others, but daily confutable almost every where out of England. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 387 To convict, or prove the contrary, refutare. 1705E. Howard (title) Copernicans of all Sorts Convicted. 1865Grote Plato I. xi. 371 No man shall be able to convict you in dialogue.
†b. To detect and expose (an error, etc.). Obs.
1717J. Fox Wanderer (1718) 139 Arguments..sufficient to convict the Fallacy of a desponding Principle.
†7. To overcome, vanquish, conquer; = convince 1. Obs. (Cf. convict pa. pple. 5.)
1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 2 A whole Armado of conuicted saile Is scattered and dis-ioyn'd from fellowship. 1607Pilgr. Princes 11 [Hippolita] being convicted by Theseus, for her singular stoutnes and courage, was married to him.
Hence conˈvicting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1611Cotgr., Eviction, an eviction, convincement, or convicting. 1865C. J. Vaughan Plain Words xi. (1866) 211 These accusing and convicting consciences. 1868Daily News 13 Aug., The belief of the convicting magistrates. |