| 释义 |
solecism|ˈsɒləsɪz(ə)m|
Forms: α. 6–8 solœcisme, 7–9 solœcism (7 solocism); 6–7 solæcism(e, 8 solaecism. β. 6–7 solecisme, 6– solecism (7 soll-).
[ad. L. solœcismus, ad. Gr. σολοικισµός, f. σόλοικος speaking incorrectly, stated by ancient writers to refer to ‘the corruption of the Attic dialect among the Athenian colonists at σόλοι in Cilicia’. So F. solécisme, Sp. and It. solecismo. The transferred uses of the word also occur in Gr. and L.]
1. An impropriety or irregularity in speech or diction; a violation of the rules of grammar or syntax; properly, a faulty concord.
α1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1585) 138 They seeme farre from offending, in any barbarous terme, solœcisme, or ignorant error at all. 1593Nashe Foure Lett. Conf. 70 Sucke out one solœcisme or mishapen English word if thou canst. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. c j b, A very Solœcisme and incongruitie of Syntaxis. 1699Bentley Phal. 320 All these are gross Solœcisms, the last part of the Sentence not agreeing nor answering to the first; which is the proper definition of a Solœcism. 1702Burlesque L'Estrange's Vis. Quevedo 242 State Aphorismes Cramn'd full with factious Solœcismes. 1839Brougham Statesmen Geo. III, Ser. i. (ed. 2) 72 He certainly spared no pains to eradicate his northern accent, beside being exceedingly careful to avoid provincial solœcisms.
β1582N. T. (Rhem.) Pref. b ij b, They easily take offense of the simple speaches or solecismes. 1588Marprel. Epist. (Arb.) 4 If he did, then he ouersaw many a foule solecisme, many a senceles period. 1660Jer. Taylor Ductor ii. iii. rule 14. §34 Solecisms, impure words, and..rude expressions. 1672Dryden Defence Epil. Ess. (ed. Ker) I. 165 Let any man..read diligently the works of Shakespeare and Fletcher, and I dare undertake, that he will find in every page either some solecism of speech, or some notorious flaw in sense. 1717Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 294, I question much if any of my friends are more sensible of the Scotticisms, yea, solecisms, in my style than I am. 1769Junius Lett. xxvii. (1788) 146 There is something in it, which cannot be..expressed without a solecism in language. 1837Hallam Hist. Lit. i. i. I. 20 We find even early proofs that solecisms of grammar, as well as barbarous phrases.., were very common in Rome itself. 1882Farrar Early Chr. II. 156 The Greek of the Apocalypse is so ungrammatical and so full of solecisms as to be the worst in the entire Greek Testament.
b. Without article: Violation of the rules of concord in grammar or syntax; incorrect or ungrammatical speech or diction, or the use of this.
1583Fulke Def. Tr. Script. i. 47 If the relatiue must alwaies be referred to the antecedent of the same case, to agree with it in case,..there is no Greeke auctor whose workes are extant, but he hath committed Solœcisme. 1603Holland Plutarch Explan. Words, Solæcisme, Incongruity of speech, or defect in the purity thereof. 1677Dryden Apol. Heroic Poet. Ess. (ed. Ker) I. 180 A wary man he is in grammar, very nice as to solecism or barbarism. 1699Bentley Phal. 310 Attic, the beloved Dialect of the Sophists,..in which they affected to excell each other, even to Pedantry and Solœcism. 1872A. Bain Higher Eng. Gram. 195 The words employed may be English, but they may be combined in a way that is not English. This is Solecism.
fig.1637Massinger Guardian i. i, Think upon 't, a close friend Or private Mistress, is Court-rhetorick; A Wife, meer rustick Solecism.
2. A breach or violation of good manners or etiquette; a blunder or impropriety in manners, etc.
(a)1599Broughton's Lett. vi. 19 [It] is surely a solæcisme in manners, and argueth great want of discretion. a1641Sir J. Finett For. Ambass. (1656) 27 My Lord Walden leaving him at the Court gate and remaining that night (not perhaps without a Solecisme in ceremonie) at Theobalds. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. i. xii. 38 As if she be guilty of casuall incivilities, or solœcismes in manners occasioned by invincible ignorance. 1738Gentl. Mag. VIII. 521/2, I observ'd Prior..whisper somewhat in his Ear, which I suppose was to desire him to rectify that Solecism in Dress. 1778F. Burney Evelina lxviii, You have committed an outrageous solecism in good manners. 1814Scott Wav. iv, The idea of having committed the slightest solecism in politeness..was agony to him. a1864Hawthorne Dr. Grimshawe xvi. (1891) 208 The cold, unbelieving eye of the Englishman, expectant of solecisms in manners.
(b)1639Massinger Unnatural Combat iii. i, He ne'er observed you..take A say of venison or stale fowl by your nose, Which is a solecism at another's table. a1645Howell Fam. Lett. i. i. xl, I should commit a great Solecism, if..I should leave you unsaluted. 1685in Verney Mem. (1904) II. 416, I looke upon it as an ill Omen, that you should committ such a grosse solecisme at your first entrance into the University against your Loving father. 1842Lever J. Hinton v. 33 Who, in the slightest solecism of London manners, could find matter for sarcasm and raillery. 1884E. Yates Recoll. I. 151 In those days smoking in the street was an unpardonable solecism.
b. Without article. rare.
1640Fuller Abel Rediv., Colet (1867) I. 116 Solecism he accounted the worst point of slovenry; affecting neatness in his household stuff and clothes. 1642Naunton's Fragm. Reg. 36 For his inside, it may be said, and without solœcisme [1641 offence], that he was his Fathers own sonne.
3. An error, incongruity, inconsistency, or impropriety of any kind.
α1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii. [iv], Forgive it now. It was the solæcisme of my starres. 1612Bacon Ess., Empire (Arb.) 300 It is the Solœcisme of power, to thinke to command the ende, and yet not to endure the meane. 1662Bp. E. Hopkins Serm. Funerals Hon. A. Grevil (1663) 18 'Tis as great a solœcisme to think of their graves, as of going to bed at noon day.
β1603Bodley in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 44 A match..between our Prince and the King of Spain's two years' daughter..is a motion so full of solecisms, as [etc.]. 1753De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (ed. 5) I. 266 But tho' exceeding beautiful, yet, I think, to join Roman with Gothic Architecture, is a Solecism. 1792A. Young Trav. France 483 Of all solecisms, none ever equalled Paris demanding that the transport of corn from province to province should be prohibited. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) I. vii. 302 The idea of compelling belief in particular doctrines is a solecism. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 233 Where a fat jovial Franciscan would be a solecism. 1875Gladstone Glean. VI. xviii. 117 What age or country can match the practical solecisms exhibited in the following facts?
b. Const. in something.
α1616B. Jonson Epigr. cxvi, A desperate solœcisme in truth and wit. 1659C. Simpson Division-Violist i. 11 As for Thirds and Sixts,..two, three or more of them, rising or falling together, is no Solæcisme in Musick.
β1639Fuller Holy War i. xvi. 23 The Emperours unfurnished their frontiers of garrisons, and laid them open to invasions; a notorious solecisme in policie. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. i. §24 To beat down our Foes, and fall down to our Concupiscences, are Solecisms in Moral Schools. 1719Swift To Young Clergyman Wks. 1755 II. ii. 11 Stammering, which I take to be one of the worst solecisms in rhetorick. 1741Middleton Cicero II. viii. 273 Cæsar..committed a dangerous solecism in politics. 1807European Mag. LII. 382/1 To an English dairymaid, the preparation of milk by men would seem a solecism in house⁓wifery. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1866) 68 A terrible solecism in political economy.
c. Without article. rare.
1649Lovelace Poems 78 Tis his first Play, twere Solecism 't should goe. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. ii. vi, Their conviction that Louis is a Prisoner of War; and cannot be put to death without injustice, solecism, peril.
Hence solecismical a. rare—0.
1656Blount Glossogr., Solecismical, pertaining to a Solescism, incongruous. |