| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ solidus1|ˈsɒlɪdəs|
Pl. solidi |ˈsɒlɪdaɪ|; also 5–7 solidos.
[L., a substantival use of solidus (sc. nummus) solid a. The form solidos is the L. acc. pl.]
1. a. A gold coin of the Roman empire, originally worth about 25 denarii. †b. A shilling.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 313 Gentil men hade rynges, and oþere hadde solidy þat were hole and sownde. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 301 Kynge William toke this yere of every hyde of grownde in Ynglone vj. solidos of silver. 1487in Paston Lett. III. App. 463, I bequeith to the reparacion of the stepull of the said churche of Saint Albane xx. solidos. 1609Bible (Douay) 1 Chron. xxix. 7 And they gaue..of gold, fiue thousand talentes, and ten thousand solidos. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Solidus, an entire or whole piece of Gold-Coin, near the Value of our old Noble or Spur-Royal; but it is now taken for a Shilling. 1860C. R. Smith in Archæol. Cant. III. 38 The solidi of the Eastern Empire were commonly imitated in France under the Merovingian princes. 1885Athenæum 24 Oct. 541/2 Mr. Webster exhibited..a gold solidus of Constantius.
2. A sloping line used to separate shillings from pence, as 12/6, in writing fractions, and for other separations of figures and letters; a shilling-mark. Also attrib. Cf. oblique n. 5.
1891in Cent. Dict. 1898G. Chrystal Introd. Algebra i. (1902) 3 The symbols / (solidus notation) and : (ratio notation) are equivalent to {div}. 1905F. H. Collins Author & Printer s.v. 1909Athenæum 27 Mar. 379/1 The last..have been quick to adopt the use of the solidus or slanting line instead of the horizontal bar in writing fractions. 1923N. Shaw Forecasting Weather i. 35 A solidus (/) such as occurs in the combination ‘bc/r’ separates weather at the time of observation from the preceding weather, bc/r thus indicating ‘fine or fair after rain or drizzle’. 1947[see non-linear a. b]. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 4 Johnson/Jenkinson's ‘oblique dash’.., which is otherwise called a ‘solidus’ or ‘virgule’.
▪ II. ‖ ˈsolidus2
[L. solidus solid a. Adopted in this sense in Ger. by H. W. B. Roozeboom 1899, in Zeitschr. f. phys. Chem. XXX. 387.]
A line or surface in a binary or ternary phase diagram respectively, or a temperature (corresponding to a point on the line or surface), below which a mixture is entirely solid and above which it consists of solid and liquid in equilibrium. Freq. attrib., as solidus curve, solidus temperature, etc.
1901, etc. [see liquidus]. 1903Proc. Royal Soc. 16 June 284 As indicated by the liquidus and solidus curves approximating closely to one another. 1904W. C. D. Whetham Rec. Devel. Phys. Sci. iii. 94 Below the curve a d b, or ‘solidus’, the alloy is entirely solid. Ibid. 97 Equilibrium curves lying below the solidus. 1933Liddell & Doan Princ. Metall. iii. xvi. 501 The solidus plane of the system..lies at a lower temperature than do any of the binary eutectics concerned. 1935[see homogenized ppl. a. 1]. 1959B. Chalmers Physical Metall. iii. 85 For a ternary alloy the liquidus and solidus are surfaces. 1965G. V. Raynor in R. W. Cahn Physical Metall. vii. 325 The solidus temperature for a given alloy composition. 1967A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xv. 230 This gives a phase diagram with a retrograde solidus curve,..with the striking property that alloys of certain compositions..can become completely solid and then melt again on cooling. |