| 释义 |
▪ I. co-ordinate, a. and n.|kəʊˈɔːdɪnət|
[f. L. co- + ordināt-us ordered, arranged, pa. pple. of ordināre to order; prob. formed as a parallel to subordinate. Cf. mod.F. coordonné. But in some senses it is analysed as co- + ordinate.]
A. adj.
1. Of the same order; equal in rank, degree, or importance (with); opposed to subordinate. In Gram. used esp. of the clauses of a compound sentence.
1641R. Brooke Eng. Episc. ii. vii. 106 All these Churches are but Coordinate, not among themselves Subordinate. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 23 He is placed beneath God, coordinate with intellectual creatures, but above corporeous creatures. 1794Paley Evid. ii. vi. §23 Annas..possessed an authority co-ordinate with or next to that of the high-priest properly so called. 1832J. C. Hare in Philol. Mus. I. 648 The formal laws of our understanding are not coordinate to the infinite variety of nature. 1846Trench Mirac. xv. (1862) 250 Instead of three being thus subordinated to one, all four are coordinate with one another. 1864Bowen Logic iv. 91 Two or more Species are thus said to be Coordinate when each excludes the other from its own Extension, but both or all are included under the Extension of the same nearest higher Concept. 1871Public Sch. Lat. Gram. §151 A Coordinate Clause is not governed in its construction by the Principal Sentence. 1876Mason Eng. Gram. 163 A compound sentence is one which consists of two or more co-ordinate principal sentences, joined together by co-ordinative conjunctions.
2. Proceeding in a corresponding order.
1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 414 The phases of the moon are co-ordinate with the course of the sun.
3. Involving co-ordination; consisting of a number of things of equal rank, or of a number of actions or processes properly combined for the production of one result.
1769Robertson Chas. V, III. viii. 91 All the inconveniences arising from a divided and co-ordinate jurisdiction. 1876Foster Phys. iii. vii. (1879) 605 So complex and co-ordinate a movement.
4. Chem. [Back-formation from co-ordination 5.] Designating a type of covalent bond in which one of the atoms, ions, or molecules forming the bond is regarded as providing both the shared electrons.
1927N. V. Sidgwick Electronic Theory of Valency iv. 60 This new type of covalency..may be called a co-ordinate link, since it affords..an explanation of the co-ordination compounds of Werner. 1938J. R. Johnson in H. Gilman Org. Chem. II. xix. 1602 The distinction between normal and coördinate covalent bonds vanishes once the bond is established. 1947S. Glasstone Elem. Physical Chem. (1958) iii. 68 The compounds of ammonia with metallic salts..involve coordinate bond formation between the central metal ion and..ammonia. 1965Phillips & Williams Inorg. Chem. I. iv. 127 Except in the most polar complexes the maximum coordinate covalence [of a first-row element] is found to be four.
B. n.
1. One who or that which is co-ordinate, or of the same rank; an equal; a co-ordinate element.
a1850J. C. Calhoun Wks. (1874) II. 397 The great fundamental division of the powers of the system, between this government and its independent coordinates, the separate governments of the states. 1879Tourgee Fool's Err. xlv. 343 Can the African slave..develop into the self-governing citizen, the co-ordinate of his white brother in power.
2. Math.
a. Each of a system of two or more magnitudes used to define the position of a point, line, or plane, by reference to a fixed system of lines, points, etc. (Usually in pl.)
In the original (and most often used) system, invented by Descartes, and hence known as that of Cartesian co-ordinates, the co-ordinates of a point (in a plane) are its distances from two fixed intersecting straight lines (the axes of co-ordinates), the distance from each axis being measured in a direction parallel to the other axis. (The determination of the position of a place by latitude and longitude is a similar case.) The co-ordinates are rectangular when the axes are at right angles; otherwise oblique. The name Cartesian co-ordinates is also extended to the case of points in space (not in a particular plane) referred to three axes not in one plane intersecting in a point (like three edges of a box meeting at one corner).
Hence applied to various other systems, mostly named from the nature of the fixed figure, etc., to which the points are referred; as bipunctual co-ordinates, co-ordinates defining a line or point by reference to two fixed points and a fixed direction. polar co-ordinates, co-ordinates defining a point (in a plane) by reference to a fixed line (initial line or axis) and a fixed point (origin or pole) in that line; the co-ordinates of any point being the length of the straight line (radius vector) drawn to it from the pole, and the angle which this line makes with the axis (as in defining the position of a place by its distance and bearing from a given place). The name polar co-ordinates is also applied to an extension of this system to points in space. So bicircular co-ordinates, bilinear c., trilinear c., etc.
1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Co-ordinates (Geom.), a term applied to the absciss and ordinates when taken in connexion. 1865Tylor Early Hist. Man. iv. 60 He can in thought shift his centre of co-ordinates and the position of his axes. 1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §202 The most general system of co-ordinates of a point consists of three sets of surfaces, on one of each of which it lies.
b. attrib. Pertaining to or involving the use of co-ordinates.
1855Todhunter (title) Treatise on Plane Co-ordinate Geometry.
3. pl. A set of women's clothes matched as to colour or fabric or other features.
1959Vogue Mar. (Advt.), 120 Knitwear and Tweed Co⁓ordinates..by Munrospun. 1962Punch 14 Mar. p. xiii. Harrods have French beachwear, cashmere co-ordinates. 1969Sears Roebuck Catal. Spring 143/2 (heading) Coordinates in cool cotton fabrics.
Add:[A.] Sense 4 in Dict. becomes 5.
4. Pertaining to or designating a college (esp. one for women) affiliated to but not fully integrated with a neighbouring college or university; also (formerly), designating or relating to a university having separate colleges or classes for men and women. U.S.
1912Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 12 Jan. 6/3 By Messrs. Early and Rison: A bill to establish a Coordinate State College for Women. 1929T. Woody Hist. Women's Educ. in U.S. II. vi. 316 In 1891, Brown University, through the Women's College, was open to women on the coördinate plan. 1938Radcliffe Q. Nov. 10/1 The distinguishing virtue of the coördinate college is..that it gives its students the advantages of the university while preserving for them some of the benefits of the separate college for women. 1970E. W. Farello Hist. Educ. of Women in U.S. v. 193 Coeducation was truly of American origin but the idea of a coordinate college came from ‘English practice’ at Cambridge and Oxford Universities.
[B.] 4. A co-ordinate college. U.S.
1975Publishers Weekly 28 July 66/1 Kirkland College in Clinton, N.Y., the women's coordinate of prestigious Hamilton College for men.
▪ II. co-ordinate, v.|kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt|
[med.L. has coordināre to ordain together; mod.F. has coordonner; but the Eng. word was prob. formed independently, from co- and L. ordināre, as a parallel form to subordinate.]
1. trans. To make co-ordinate; to place or class in the same order, rank, or division.
1665T. Mall Offer F. Help 26 These two..are not opposed, but co-ordinated. 1875Poste Gaius iv. § 1 Those who count four classes..commit the error of co-ordinating subclasses and classes. 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 36 The marks of a concept are not coordinated as all of equal value.
2. To place or arrange (things) in proper position relatively to each other and to the system of which they form parts; to bring into proper combined order as parts of a whole.
1847Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. III. xvii. viii. 516 The different parts of each being must be co-ordinated in such a manner as to render the total being possible. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Shaks. Wks. (Bohn) I. 362 An omnipresent humanity co-ordinates all his faculties. 1867Lewes Hist. Philos. I. p. xviii, It systematises their results, co-ordinating their truths into a body of Doctrine. 1881B. Sanderson in Nature No. 619. 439 How are the motions of our bodies co-ordinated or regulated?
3. intr. (for refl.) To act in combined order for the production of a particular result.
1863Wynter Subtle Brains 413 When we remember the number of muscles which must co-ordinate to enable a man to articulate.
4. Used in Chem. with various constructions:
a. With indirect obj.: to be or become linked with or to (an atom or group of atoms) by a co-ordinate bond.
b. trans. To form a co-ordinate bond or a co-ordination compound with (an atom, etc.).
c. intr. To form a co-ordinate bond or a co-ordination compound.
1923Chem. & Industry Rev. 29 Mar. 319/2 It is probably legitimate to think of the univalent metal as ‘co-ordinated’..with two negatively charged oxygen atoms. 1938C. W. Stillwell Crystal Chem. i. 24 The sulfur atom is larger than oxygen, and this probably explains why phosphorus cannot co-ordinate four sulfurs. 1950A. F. Wells Structural Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxii. 641 Certain atoms and groups do not coordinate with any of these metals. 1956J. C. Bailar Chem. Coordination Compounds i. 4 The halide ions often coordinate strongly. 1968D. P Graddon Introd. Co-ordination Chem. (ed. 2) 14 A group such as ethylenediamine which can co-ordinate twice to the same metal atom.
Hence co-ˈordinated (also spec. in Chem., containing, formed by, or bound by one or more co-ordinate bonds), co-ˈordinating ppl. a.
1859Todd Cycle. Anat. V. 674/1 To bring such an organ into co-ordinated action. 1861Wynter Soc. Bees 486 Let us grant that there is some co-ordinating power—some executive presiding over the just association of our ideas. 1880C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 196 The several coordinated movements by which radicles are enabled to perform their proper functions. 1887Athenæum 26 Mar. 414/2 The co-ordinating intelligence. 1923Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CXXIII. 729 For every co-ordinated compound..we can arrive at a number expressing the effective valency of the central atom. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. iii. 200 This implies a breaking down of the ice lattice so that many oxygens become less than four co⁓ordinated. 1966Cotton & Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) v. 127 The geometrical arrangement of the co⁓ordinated groups around the cation. |