| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ solo, n.1 and a.|ˈsəʊləʊ|
Also 7 sola. Pl. solos (also soli).
[It. solo:—L. sōlum, sōlus sole a. Cf. solus a. and sola a.]
A. n.
I.
1. a. Mus. An instance of a song, melody, or other piece of music being rendered or performed by one singer or player; a piece of vocal or instrumental music performed, or intended for performance, by a single person.
1695Congreve Love for Love ii. vii, I don't much matter your Sola's or Sonata's, they give me the Spleen. 1710Tatler No. 222 ⁋12 There is not a labourer or handicraftman, that in the cool of the evening does not relieve himself with solo's and sonata's! 1742Pope Dunciad iv. 324 With nothing but a Solo in his head. 1844Musical World XIX. 87/3 There was a solo on the cornet-à-piston by König. 1879Grove's Dict. Music I. 306 The word was used for vocal soli of some length. 1890J. Hatton By Order of Czar II. ii. xiv. 180 Walter..led off with the solo, and the chorus followed.
transf.1755J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio dial. ix. II. 8 A spreading Cascade..soothed the Air with a Symphony of soft and gurgling sounds... This liquid Instrument still played its Solo: still pursued its busy Way. 1791Gilpin Forest Scenery iii. xi. II. 295 The rook has but two, or three notes; and when he attempts a solo, we cannot praise his song. 1860O. W. Holmes E. Venner iii, Solos on the slate-pencil (making it screech on the slate). 1900F. F. Moore Nell Gwyn viii, There came from the room..a loud peal of laughter—not a solo, but a duet.
b. fig. and in fig. context.
1749Fielding Tom Jones v. xi, Though the pedagogue chose rather to play solos on the human instrument. 1784F. Burney Diary Oct., I went upstairs as usual, to treat myself with a solo of impatience for the post. 1849E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 195 The trees murmur a continuous soft ‘chorus to the solo which my soul discourses within’.
2. Performance by one singer or player.
1779Mirror No. 54 ⁋11, In the solo or the song, no such deception as the theatrical is pretended. 1797Monthly Mag. III. 466 We here find a trio introduced by four lines solo. 1834[A. Prinsep] Baboo II. vii. 124 He was obliged to play his flute-parts of the opera, in solo. 1866Engel Nat. Music iii. 111 A very usual form of national songs is that in which Solo and Chorus alternate.
3. A dance by one person.
1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxviii, Behind stood a boy flourishing a tambourine, and dancing a solo. 1855Englishwoman in Russia 18 Another peasant danced a solo in very good style. 1857Wilkinson Egypt. Time of Pharaohs 28 Sometimes a man danced a solo to their sound, and to the clapping of hands.
4. a. attrib., as solo exhibition, solo part, solo-player.
1776Burney Hist. Music ii. iii. (1789) I. 347 Pliny tells us that he was..the first solo-player. 1785Grose Dict. Vulgar T., Solo player, a miserable performer on any instrument, who always plays alone, because no one will stay in the room to hear him. 1795Mason Ch. Music i. 52 To perform a solo part in the Church Service. 1846Dickens Cricket on Hearth i, The kettle had had the last of its solo performance. 1859Habits of Gd. Society v. 217 A bass [voice] should be prohibited, I think, from solo exhibitions, unless very good. 1868Athenæum 29 Feb. 330/2 At Mr. H. Leslie's concert the soli parts were extremely well sung.
b. Special combs.: solo organ, a partial organ introduced into a larger one, for producing solo effects; solo pitch (see quot. 1875); solo stop, an organ stop of special quality or position for the performance of solos; solo voice (see quot. 1873).
1843Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VI. 108/1 The fourth is the combination or solo organ, upon which..can be played any stop or stops out of the swell or choir, without interfering with their previous arrangement. 1868Athenæum 11 Apr. 533/3 Another new composition for solo voices, chorus of men and orchestra. 1873H. C. Banister Music 251 The principal voices in an Oratorio or Opera are termed the Solo voices, as distinguished from the chorus. 1875Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Solo pitch, the tuning of an instrument a little higher than the ordinary pitch in order to obtain brilliancy of tone with a certain amount of ease to the player.
II.
†5. A carriage accommodating only one person. Obs. (Cf. B. 2.)
1787J. Pugh Life J. Hanway ii. 120 His [Hanway's] carriage, which was a kind of Solo, from its holding but one person, was ornamented with his motto, ‘never despair’.
III. 6. a. In card-playing (see quots.).
1814C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved 189 The quotient shews the number of fish to be paid to each of the successful players by the other two; or in event of a Solo to be paid him by each of the three others. 1875W. B. Dick Mod. Pocket Hoyle (ed. 7) 144 Solo.—This is an announcement to accomplish the same ends as in bidding to play in ‘suit’, but without the aid of the Scat cards. 1878H. Gibbs Ombre 38 Solo is an engagement on the part of the Ombre to win the game without discard. Ibid. 40 If one player has a hand so good as to enable him to venture a Solo. 1898‘Hoffmann’ Hoyle's Games Modern. 143 [In solo whist] he can call a solo, which is a declaration to make five of the thirteen tricks without having a partner.
b. solo whist, heart solo (see quots. 1898, 1907); also ellipt.
c1875W. B. Dick Mod. Pocket Hoyle (ed. 6) 146 Thus a player announcing Heart Solo (worth six counters), and having in his hand four Matadores, can bid Heart Solo with four Matadores, equal to ten counters, [etc.]. 1888Wilks & Pardon (title) How to play solo whist. 1892Zangwill Childr. Ghetto I. 124 Solo-whist had not yet come in to drive everything else out. 1898‘Hoffmann’ Hoyle's Games Modern. 142 The objects of Solo Whist are—to make eight tricks out of the thirteen in conjunction with a partner; to make five or nine tricks out of your own hand against the other three players in combination; or to play your own hand so as to avoid taking a trick. 1907Hoyle's Games 360 Heart Solo. This is solo for 3 players, reducing the pack to 24 cards by throwing out the 8 of hearts and all the diamonds but the 7. 1972C. Drummond Death at Bar v. 129 They had looked forward to a cosy evening of cocoa and solo with..the other boys.
7. Solo flying; a solo flight.
1911Flight 16 Sept. 805/1 Capt. Watt made a very good solo round Fargo and Stonehenge, landing exceptionally well. 1928T. E. Lawrence Let. 20 Jan. (1938) 569 All decent birds hop it when their infants have done their first solo. 1942R. Hillary Last Enemy iii. 74 The flight immediately following our first solo was an hour's aerobatics. 1976B. Jackson Flameout iii. 44 ‘How long to get your license?’ ‘Thirty-five hours to solo, if you're good.’
B. adj.
1. a. Alone; without a companion or partner; spec. with reference to flying. (Cf. solus a. and sola a.).
1712Arbuthnot John Bull i. xvii, How Lewis Baboon attempted to play a game solo in clubs. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) I. 79 Madam..would not be left solo. 1881W. S. Gilbert Foggerty's Fairy iii, Lately I've been dancing solo. 1914H. Rosher In R.N.A.S. (1916) 15 Hope to be flying solo by Thursday or Friday. 1928Daily Mail Year Bk. 24/1 They can obtain the use of a machine in which to fly solo for {pstlg}1 an hour. 1934Sun (Baltimore) 22 Oct. 2/1 Lieut. M. Hansen,..who is flying solo, left Athens at 9.11 a.m. for Baghdad. 1946Happy Landings July 4/1 The sergeant-pilot..had amassed the considerable sum of two hours solo on Oxfords. 1955Times 24 Aug. 6/4 Eight years later Colonel Lindbergh took 33hr. 30min. in his monoplane to fly solo non-stop from New York to Paris. 1977‘J. Herriot’ Vet in Spin x. 113 ‘I said take her up.’ ‘You mean, on my own?.. Go solo?’
b. Acting alone or without assistance (spec. in N.Z. of single parents).
1934Sun (Baltimore) 2 Mar. 19/8 The sportsman pilot..is variously designated as ‘private’, ‘solo’ and ‘student’ pilot. 1965A. Blackshaw Mountaineering 19 The risks to the inexperienced solo rock climber or snow-and-ice climber are very great. 1966P. O'Donnell Sabre-Tooth vii. 100 She wondered..if an army of mercenaries was being assembled... But no—he was very much a solo man. 1977N.Z. Herald 8 Jan. ii. 2/7 So far, the research has shown that few solo mothers are out to skin the welfare state by claiming a domestic purposes benefit and living on boyfriends.
2. Made to accommodate one person. (Cf. A. 5.)
1774H. Finlay Postal Jrnl. (Brooklyn, 1867) 52, I was in a solo chair, Wills the guide was on horseback, leading a horse to relieve the chair horse. 1927Glasgow Herald 18 Mar. 11 London..has only two ‘solo’ machines. Its members, nevertheless, contrived to put in a total of 84 hours flying during..January.
3. Of musical instruments, or the players of these: Playing or taking the solo part.
1862[see euphonion]. 1880Grove Dict. Mus. s.v. Cornet, The great organ Solo Cornet comprised either 5, 4, or 3 ranks of pipes. 1897Shedlock tr. Riemann's Dict. Mus. 745/1 Only one violinist (the solo violin, leader) is to play the passage. 1901Jedburgh Gazette 9 Nov. 2 [He] was librarian [of the band] and solo euphonium.
4. That is achieved or performed unaccompanied or unassisted.
1909Flight 18 Sept. 576/2 After making a short ‘solo’ flight he came down. 1914Daily Express 22 Sept. 7/4 A solo effort by Cantrell, who weaved his way prettily through the defence, brought the winning goal. 1927Glasgow Herald 30 Sept. 11 He has made the longest solo flight so far achieved by an airman. 1940Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 25 Jan. 9/4 Police claim she admits one solo holdup, made to prove her nerve. 1944Ibid. 12 Sept. 6/6 The trends within medicine which make solo practice no longer..the best..kind of service for the physician or for the patient. 1955Times 22 Aug. 8/5 Lord de L'Isle and Dudley, V.C., Secretary of State for Air,..has logged 13 hours' solo flying. 1974Times 6 Dec. 5/5 (caption) The Prince of Wales after making his first solo deck landing of a Royal Navy Wessex helicopter.
Restrict Obs. to sense 5 a. Add: [A.] [II.] [5.] b. A motorcycle without a side-car attached; also, a bicycle designed for one rider.
1924T. E. Lawrence Home Lett. (1954) 359 A solo isn't as secure on a wet road as a side-car outfit. 1935Motor Cycle 22 Aug. 247/2, I wonder if we shall see a revival..of those two-seater solos? 1985Tandem Club Jrnl. Apr. 11 The run that we thought might be a non-event..saw a total of 13 tandems and 3 solos gather for lunch. 1987Back St. Heroes June 22/2 It was common-place for enthusiasts of the day to ride a solo to work and attach a sidecar for weekend jaunts.
▪ II. solo, v.|ˈsəʊləʊ|
[f. solo n.1 and a.]
1. intr. To perform an action on one's own; spec. (a) to perform a vocal or instrumental solo (now usu. in jazz); (b) to fly solo; spec. to make one's first solo flight; (c) Mountaineering, to climb without a partner.
1886W. Booth Orders & Regul. Salvation Army iii. ii. 96 All cannot solo or speak eloquently. 1917J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 57, I have been flying for three days and Capt. Harrison says I can solo to-morrow if it's calm. 1931V. W. Pagé ABC of Gliding 164 In training glider pilots the student usually ‘solos’ from the very start. 1932Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 25 Feb. 4/3 The most magnificent bodega was recently ordered to remove its enormous bar and is now trying to solo to prosperity as a restaurant only. 1942R. Hillary Last Enemy iii. 72 Here for the first time was a machine in which there was no chance of making a dual circuit as a preliminary. I must solo right off. 1956B. Holiday Lady sings Blues (1973) vi. 60 Whenever Basie had an arranger work out something for me, I'd tell him I wanted Lester to solo behind me. 1958P. Gammond Decca Bk. of Jazz xx. 249 With Reinhardt and Grappelly soloing over the pulsating guitars—bass rhythm section. 1962E. Snow Red China Today (1963) xxiv. 183 All the items I have mentioned are primary sinews of a modern industrial civilization, the development of which enables a nation to ‘solo’ as a major industrial power. 1964J. E. B. Wright in Murray & Wright Craft of Climbing v. 35, I solo-ed up the Slab Climb. 1971M. Tak Truck Talk 148 Solo, 1. to drive a tractor without a trailer... 2. to drive a rig alone when the driver in question is usually part of a two-man operation. 1972D. Haston In High Places iv. 57 But what to do? Thoughts of soloing down and alerting a rescue party, but that would have meant a major operation. 1977National Observer (U.S.) 1 Jan. 13/3 If the river is easy, it's fun to solo. But on a formidable stream you need a partner.
2. trans. To perform (a piece of music) as a solo. rare.
1858Punch 8 May 184/2 The sweetness of his oratory would be completely wasted on the air of ‘Keemo Kimo’ soloed by the ophicleide.
3. Mountaineering. To climb (a mountain, etc.) without a partner.
1962Listener 8 Nov. 758/2 Not that you climb alone; only very talented fanatics or complete fools ‘solo’ hard routes. 1975G. Moffat Miss Pink at Edge of World xiv. 194 Solo-ing steep rock at Clive's age is just not on.
Hence ˈsoloing vbl. n.; also attrib.
1929Papers Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. X. 324/2 Soloing, flying alone. 1971C. Bonington Annapurna South Face 324 Soloing, climbing without the security of a rope. 1973― Next Horizon v. 90 Dick..was unaccustomed to fast soloing, and eventually they had turned back before even reaching the foot of the climb proper. 1977Rolling Stone 24 Mar. 66/2 His guitar style combines Hendrix-inspired production technique with virtuoso soloing ability. |