| 释义 |
soluble, a. and n.|ˈsɒljʊb(ə)l|
Also 5–6 solyble, solible, 6 solubil.
[a. OF. (also mod.F.) soluble, = Sp. soluble, Pg. soluvel, It. solubile, ad. L. solūbilis, f. solvĕre to loosen, dissolve, etc.]
A. adj.
1. Med.
a. Of the bowels, etc.: Free from constipation or costiveness; relaxed. Now rare or Obs.
c1400tr. Secreta Secret. 87 It [the medicine] shall make þe takere right noght solyble, or ellys ful litell. 1450–80Ibid. 27 And it is good to travayle and to haue thi wombe soluble. 1539Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 25 Dry figges and old make the bodye soluble. 1563T. Gale Antidot. ii. 81 Prouided alwayes that the pacient bee kepte soluble. 1620Venner Via Recta i. 18 It..maketh the body soluble, and therefore sometimes good for such as are wont to be costiue. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. ii. lviii. 345 The Cholick if it be gentle, and the Belly soluble, it is easily cured. 1772Phil. Trans. LXII. 457 The belly should be kept soluble with lenitive Electuary, or any other mild purgative. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xvii. 196 The citrate of soda..tends to keep up a soluble state of the bowels.
†b. Laxative; causing looseness of the bowels.
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 171 To take drynkes solyble for to purgen the bodi of euyll humors. 1582J. Hester Secr. Phiorav. ii. xxvii. 104 Give the Pacient..our Potion of Lignum Sanctum, the whiche is soluble and driying, and purgeth the bloud. 1620Venner Via Recta (1650) 249 They are of an attenuating and soluble faculty. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v., This is the Soluble Tartar. 'Tis accounted a very good Aperitive Medicine.
2. a. Capable of being melted or dissolved.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 319 In Scicille is white salte,..whiche, beenge soluble [L. solubilis] in the fyre, brestethe and brekethe in the water.
1764Reid Inquiry iii. 115 It is probable that everything that affects the taste is, in some degree, soluble in the saliva. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 306 There results a soap which is soluble in water. 1814Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. 273 To make it afford as much soluble matter as possible to the roots of the plant. 1853W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. 160 Borates..are for the most part insoluble. The alkaline borates alone are soluble. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 117 Whatever soluble constituents exist in the air will be absorbed by the rain.
b. As a specific epithet with names of substances. soluble blue (also Soluble Blue), any of a class of water-soluble dyes that are di- and trisulphonic acid derivatives of aniline blue and are now used chiefly in papers and inks. In Biochem. applied to those species of RNA now usu. known as transfer RNA.
1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 595 Solution of chlorine, or of the soluble chlorides. Ibid., The soluble nitrate of silver. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxv. 321 The soluble mercury of Hahnemann was chiefly employed. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 471 This forms common cocoa, rock cocoa, soluble cocoa, &c. 1862E. C. Nicholson Brit. Patent 1857 3 A colourless solution is obtained which, when neutralized.., developes the improved soluble blue dye. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2244/2 For much that is valuable in the preparation and application of water-glass or soluble glass, we are indebted to Dr. Johann Fuchs of Munich. 1879Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXVI. 418 In preparing the soluble blues, the monosulphonic acids and higher-substituted acids must be of great purity. 1893T. E. Thorpe Dict. Appl. Chem. III. 562/1 Perhaps the readiest way of preparing soluble starch is that recommended by Zulkowski.., who finds that starch dissolves in hot glycerin and is converted into the soluble modification. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 684 Intramuscular injections of the soluble mercurial salts. 1952K. Venkataraman Chem. Synthetic Dyes II. xxiii. 723 Sulphonic acids of phenylated Rosanilines, which are old dyes (Nicholson Blue, Soluble Blue, Water Blue, Alkali Blue; CI 703–707) continue to be extensively used. 1958M. B. Hoagland et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCXXI. 256 Evidence is presented that a soluble ribonucleic acid..binds amino acids in the presence of adenosine triphosphate. 1961Nature 13 May 582/1 The other principal (10–15 per cent) form of RNA in E. coli is soluble RNA (now more appropriately called transfer RNA), which functions in the movement of activated amino-acids to the ribosomes. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. xii. 306 Because of its special function this RNA is now generally called transfer-RNA, although it is also sometimes referred to as soluble-RNA, or as acceptor-RNA. 1971R. L. M. Allen Colour Chem. viii. 115 A marked bathochromic effect is obtained by phenylation of the amino groups in rosanilines... These Soluble Blues are now little used for textile coloration, but are applied to leather, paper and..in printing inks. 1973Times 18 Oct. (Brazil Suppl.) p. v/2 Soluble (instant) coffee exports have grown at a remarkable pace. 1974E. Ambler Doctor Frigo iii. 185, I gave her some soluble aspirin and left. 1977Whitaker's Almanack 1978 914/1 The chief exports are cotton, coffee, beef, gold, sugar, cottonseed, bananas, copper and soluble coffee.
c. Dissolving, solvent. rare.
1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 358 It differs from it..in its power of resisting the soluble action of a cold solution of potash.
3. Capable of being untied or loosed. rare.
1613T. Adams Heaven & Earth Recon. 22 If Balaams Asse hath but an audible voyce, and a soluble Purse. 1847Tennyson Princ. v. 129 More soluble is this knot, By gentleness than war.
†4. Plastic, pliable. Also fig. Obs.
1650Trapp Comm. Deut. ix. 22 Keep our souls humble, supple, and soluble. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xi. ⁋23 This Canvass (to make it more soluble) is wet in Water, and the Water well wrung out again.
5. a. Capable of being solved or explained; solvable.
c1705Bp. Berkeley in Fraser Life (1871) 422 In physiques I have a vast view of things soluble hereby. 1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. i. 4 Questions not very soluble at present, were even sages and heroes set to solve them, began everywhere..to be asked. 1877Sparrow Serm. xxi. 280, I refer now to those subjects, which..have more the appearance of soluble questions.
b. Math. = solvable a. 3 b.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 140/1 A group defines uniquely the set of factor-groups that occur in its composition series... When the orders of all the factor-groups are primes the group is said to be soluble. 1940Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. XLVII. 393 A group may be termed soluble, if it may be swept out by an ascending (finite or transfinite) chain of normal subgroups such that the quotient groups of its consecutive terms are abelian groups of finite rank. 1972[see quotient 1 b].
6. Capable of being resolved; reducible.
1826Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 98/1 A great deal of compliment to the wisdom of ancestors, and a great degree of alarm at the dreadful spirit of innovation, are soluble into mere jealousy and envy. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf. Table xi. 107 Love is sparingly soluble in the words of men.
B. n. A soluble constituent, esp. of a foodstuff.
1952Poultry Sci. XXXI. 937/1 There was no change in the hatchability of eggs from the hens receiving condensed fish solubles. 1962M. N. Hill Sea I. vi. 305 (heading) Solubles. 1972Brit. Jrnl. Nutrition XXVIII. 221 The main growth-promoting effect of fish solubles has been shown to be mediated through the intestinal microflora of the chick. |