| 释义 |
▪ I. solution, n.|səˈl(j)uːʃən|
Forms: 4–5 solucioun, -tioun, 4–6 solucion(e, 6 solucyon(e, solyssion, 6– solution.
[a. OF. solucion, -tion (mod.F. solution, = Sp. solucion, It. soluzione) or ad. L. solūtiōn-, solūtio, f. ppl. stem of solvĕre solve v.]
I.
1. a. The action or process of solving; the state, condition, or fact of being solved.
1375Barbour Bruce i. 259, I leve all the solucioun Till thaim that ar off mar renoun. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 2022 Yef hit had be nomore but for the solucion Of my demaunde and of thys straunge vysyon. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 255 The solution of a questyon moued of his sayd blessed deth. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 26 b, Thyne argument..needed then no solution at all. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 316 The answering and solution of all his obiections against vs. 1664Power Exp. Philos. iii. 191 The Solutions of all those former Difficulties are reserved for you..to gratifie Posterity withall. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 476 The famous Mr. Leibnitz..own'd that the Solutions of such Problems as these..was a very difficult Task. 1784Cowper Task ii. 520 Knots worthy of solution, which alone A Deity could solve. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 93 The use of the tables at the end of this work, in the solution of complicated questions. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 91/1 A difficult problem of mixed law and fact for solution by the judges.
b. A particular instance or method of solving or settling; an explanation, answer, or decision.
1382Wyclif Dan. ii. 25 A man..that shal telle to the kyng the solucioun. 1401Polit. Poems (Rolls) II. 73 And so thes similitudes, with thes soluciones, ben not worthe the devellis dirt. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 99 Daniel the prophete ȝafe a solucion of a vision to Nabugodonosor in Caldea. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxii. (Percy Soc.) 157 Now have I answered you your question, And I pray you of a lyke solucion. 1596Bp. W. Barlow Three Serm. iii. 126 This may serue for a short solution. 1667Pepys Diary 1 May, Expecting the solution of the Judges in this point. 1681H. Hallywell Melampronoea Title-p., A Solution of the Chiefest Objections brought against the Being of Witches. 1711Addison Spect. No. 21 ⁋6 He might have found a better Solution for this Difficulty, than any of those he has made use of. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772 233 This solution of mine is absolutely denied. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. ii. (1814) 33 These facts afford a rational solution of this curious problem. 1854Froude Short Stud., Spinoza (1867) 241 Undoubtedly it provides a solution for every difficulty. 1884J. Quincy Figures of Past 376 These hard names furnish no solution to the problem he presents to us.
c. Med. The termination or crisis of a disease.
1851Dunglison Med. Lex., Solution, means, also, with many, the termination of a disease:—..a termination accompanied by critical signs;—and with others, again, it is synonymous with crisis.
†2. The action of releasing or setting free; deliverance, release. Obs.
a1513Fabyan Chron. (1811) 407 He alonely opteyned nat solucion of his othe, but also..was declaryd kynge of Scicill. 1550Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 12 Immediately after thys solucyon or settynge at large of Sathan. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. (1687) 88/2 As death is the solution of the Soul from the Body. 1659H. More Immort. Soul iii. xviii, After this solution of the Souls or Spirits of Wicked Men and Dæmons from their Vehicles.
†3. The action of paying; a payment. Obs.
1489Sc. Acts, Jas. IV (1814) II. 222/2 Anent the Recuperatioun..of annuale Rentis in burgh, in falt of Solutioun and payment of the annualis. 1526Ord. Househ. (1790) 229 To the intent the decomptants..may take out the Solutions entred into the said Bookes whereby they may strike their Lydgers. 1563–4Sarum Churchw. Acc. (Swayne, 1896) 109 Allowans for suche solucyones. 1623Cockeram 1, Solution, a payment. a1722Sir J. Lauder Decisions Suppl. (1826) III. 280 It neither being by solution, nor other transaction, importing the consent of the creditor thereto.
4. The action of discharging or fulfilling.
1869Austin's Lect. Jurispr. lv. II. 915 The Roman Lawyers themselves talk of..the solution or the redemption of obligations.
II.
5. a. The action of dissolving, or changing from a solid or gaseous to a liquid state, by means of a fluid or solvent; the state or fact of being so dissolved.
1390Gower Conf. II. 86 Ferst of the distillacion, Forth with the congelacion, Solucion, descencion [etc.]. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. ii. i. in Ashm. Theatr. (1652) 135 Of Solucion now wyll I speke a word or two. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 274 Solution, a principal part of Chymical practice, whereby the incorporation of things coagulated, is dissolved and attenuated. a1665K. Digby Chym. Secr. ii. 221 Repeat these solutions seven or eight times. 1791W. Hamilton tr. Berthollet's Dyeing I. 5 The solution of indigo in the sulphuric (vitriolic) acid. 1800Henry Epit. Chem. (1808) 15 Mechanical agitation facilitates solution. 1870Tyndall Lect. Electr. 2 The effect in both cases is..the solution of the zinc, and the liberation of the hydrogen gas.
†b. The action of fusing, melting, or distilling by means of heat. Obs. rare.
a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 9 They find by their solutions by Fire, some things which they call by these Names, to be that whereinto Bodies are dissolved. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 425/1 Distillation, or Solution, is an extracting of Liquors by force of heat.
c. transf. Fusion, combination.
1820Keats St. Agnes xxxvi, The rose Blendeth its odour with the violet,—Solution sweet.
6. a. A more or less fluid substance produced by the process of solution (see 5); a liquid or semi-liquid preparation obtained by the combination of a solid with a solvent.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 60 A good solucion of salt in oile. 1677Grew Anat. Pl. (1682) 297, I put to this Solution of Nitre, two Drachms of Sal Armoniac; which wholly and easily dissolved in the said Solution. 1705Arbuthnot Coins, etc. (1727) 326 He commends..a Solution of Opium in Water to foment the Forehead. 1790Phil. Trans. 359 note, I have therefore confined the word solution to express the substance dissolved together with its solvent. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 469 A solution of lime should be put into the last bottle. 1855Orr's Circ. Sci., Elem. Chem. 13 We..term the liquid which is obtained a solution of salt in water. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Plants v. 80 Drops of a solution about as thick as milk.
fig.1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. iii. 24 Society is a strong solution of books.
b. = rubber solution s.v. rubber n.1 14.
1897A. C. Pemberton Complete Cyclist vii. 190 The edges of the cut must be well cleaned and coated with solution. 1930F. Gardner How to repair your Cycle 20 Spread a thin layer of solution over the part that has been rubbed. 1974S. Townroe How to mend your Bike 44 Never put on the patch until the solution has dried.
7. A dissolved state or condition. Freq. state of solution.
(a)1802Paley Nat. Theol. xxi. §3 (1819) 333 Keeping things in a state of solution, that is to say, in a state of fluidity. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 90 Animal or vegetable substances in a state of solution. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 115 Certain chemical compounds in a state of solution.
transf.1859Habits Gd. Society v. 211 Their partners appear in a most disagreeable condition of solution.
(b)1802Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Th. Earth 494 The volume of the water..necessary to hold in solution the materials of this shell. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. ix. §4 As they congealed from their fluid state, whether of watery solution or fiery fusion. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 202 The water generally holds silica in solution.
fig.1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. 297 His [sc. Lessing's] was a mind always in solution. 1877Talmage Serm. 338 A tear..is agony in solution.
8. attrib., as solution jar, solution lake, solution-tub.
1867Tomlinson's Cycl. Usef. Arts App. 14/1 The mouth of the solution jar was again closed. 1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Min. 393 The liquid which runs out of the solution-tubs runs into tanks.
b. Physical Geogr. Denoting features and phenomena resulting from the solvent action of water, as solution basin, solution depression, solution subsidence, etc.
1894Pop. Sci. Monthly June 281 In lime-stone countries, solution lakes are not uncommon. 1931Jrnl. Geol. XXXIX. 641 (heading) Solution depressions in sandy sediments of the coastal plain in South Carolina. 1934C. R. Longwell et al. Outl. Physical Geol. iv. 73 In some regions sinks, caverns, and solution valleys are so numerous that they give rise to a peculiar and characteristic topography with many surface depressions, irregular drainage patterns, and disappearing streams. 1939A. K. Lobeck Geomorphol. iv. 145 Very large sinks or areas of depression are known as solution basins. 1954Geol. Mag. XCI. 225 A lowering of surface by solution subsidence has been proceeding more or less continuously since Triassic times on this high moorland terrain. 1957E. E. Evans Irish Folk Ways ii. 18 The lowland of which it is the centre is..diversified by occasional low hills, by intricate solution lakes and by glacial eskers. 1977Antiquaries Jrnl. LVII. 189 Three large masses..recovered from red clay-with-flints filling a solution pipe at Aston Rowant (Oxon.).
III. 9. solution of continuity: a. Med. (Also solution of connexion, solution of unity.) The separation from each other of normally continuous parts of the body by external or internal causes.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 A ij, We haue sayd that there is a kynde of dysease, that is called solution of contynuyte. Ibid., There be other kyndes of solutions of continuite. 1625Bacon Ess., Of Vnity in Relig. (Arb.) 423 As in the Naturall Body, a Wound or Solution of Continuity is worse then a Corrupt Humor. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physick 44 This proceeds from solution of continuity of the Veins and Arteries. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. xxviii. 67 In which case also it is necessary that there be a Solution of the Connexion of the Neck. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 101 The organic Diseases, and the solution of Unity, must be known by the Signs of the particular Diseases. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. i. §1. 36 In manifest Solutions of Continuity occasioned by Wounds, Burns, &c. 1818E. Thompson Cullen's Nosologia Meth. (1820) 264 Vulnus, a recent, bloody solution of continuity in a soft part, by a hard body. 1835–6Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 794/1 The consequent solution of connection between the various parts of the body.
ellipt.1580Blundevil Horsemanship T iij b, If such solution or diuision be in a bone, then is it called a fracture. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 86 The solution of a Veine is known by blood of red colour and thick substance.
b. transf. and fig. A breach, break, or interruption.
1654Bramhall Just Vind. ii. (1661) 14 Schisme is..a solution of continuity in the body Ecclesiastick. 1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 475 Even the hardest things are broken asunder..by solution of their continuity begun in the outermost superficies. 1707Curiosities Husb. & Gard. 77 The Solution of Continuity may hinder the Juice from mounting. 1750Franklin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 243 If there be the least crack, the minutest solution of continuity in the glass. 1799E. Du Bois Piece Family Biog. II. 201 Some there are..who, admitting no solution of continuity in their story, deny any place of rest to..the wearied reader. 1819Scott Leg. Montrose xxiii. Rents, and open seams,..might presage a similar solution of continuity in your matrimonial happiness. 1863Tyndall Heat xii. 408 Magnificent gradations of color, one fading into another without solution of continuity. 1886Manch. Exam. 9 Jan. 5/3 There will be no solution of continuity in this important department of public affairs.
10. The action of breaking up or separating; dissolution; bringing to an end.
1655Vaughan Silex Scint. L'Envoy, Frustrate those cancerous, close arts, Which cause solution in all parts, And strike them dumb. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. iii. 6 The Death of Christ upon the Cross was the solution of the Ceremonial Law of Moses. 1689Locke Civil Govt. §80 (1694) 225 Easie and frequent Solutions of Conjugal Society. 1899Westm. Gaz. 30 Oct. 2/1 That Boer policy had not for its aim the solution of British supremacy in South Africa.
†11. The action of rendering loose or slack. Obs.
1681tr. Willis' Remaining Med. Wks. Vocab., Solution, a loosning or weakning, as of the nerves or joynts.
IV.
12. Special Combs.: solution heat treatment = solution treatment below; solution set Math., the set of all the solutions of some equation or condition; solution treatment Metallurgy, a process designed to render an alloy susceptible to age-hardening, by which it is first heated to make a particular constituent enter into solid solution and then quenched; so solution-treat v. trans., solution-treated ppl. a.
1935G. E. Doan Princ. Physical Metallurgy vi. 192 This heating and quenching is called the ‘solution heat treatment’. 1979J. Neely Pract. Metallurgy & Materials of Industry xiv. 187/2 Successful heat treatment depends on putting the copper into solid solution and trapping it there.
1959Allendoerfer & Oakley Fund. Math. vi. 102 Given a universal set X and an equation F(x) = G(x) involving x, the set {ob}x{vb}F(x) = G(x){cb} is called the solution set of the given equation. 1963Webber & Brown Basic Concepts Math. viii. 166 The truth set of an equation is often called the solution set, and members of the solution set are called solutions of the equation. 1972A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. i. 5 Those objects of a given set which satisfy an open statement form the solution set of the statement relative to that set. Thus the solution set of x2 = 2 relative to the real numbers is the set {ob}+√2, -√2{cb}. Relative to the rational numbers.., the solution set of x2 = 2 is empty.
1940J. D. Jevons Metall. of Deep Drawing & Pressing xv. 577 Rolled sheet could be ‘solution-treated’ to place it in a ductile condition. 1977R. B. Ross Handbk. Metal Treatment & Testing 207 Components which have been correctly Solution treated and aged are very often joined by [welding].
1952Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LVI. 235/1 With highly tapered spar booms it is advisable to machine in the solution-treated condition in order that any correction..may be made before precipitation.
1931Metallurgist VII. 12/2 The age hardening..of duralumin and a number of other alloys of similar type requires a previous heat treatment, which is frequently termed the ‘solution’ treatment. 1970P. C. Varley Technol. of Aluminium & its Alloys v. 62 All solution treatment is carried out in forced air circulation furnaces.
Hence soˈlutional a., pertaining to a solution.
1903Nature 3 Dec. 103/2 The persistence of the solutional nucleus.
▪ II. solution, v.|səˈl(j)uːʃən|
[f. the n.]
trans. To treat with, fasten or secure by, a solution.
1891Pall Mall G. 15 Oct. 1/3 A further improvement..will dispense with the need for solutioning the canvas. 1898Cycling 63 They should preferably not be vulcanised but merely solutioned together. |