| 释义 |
copulative, a. and n.|ˈkɒpjuːlətɪv, -eɪtɪv|
[a. F. copulatif, -ive (Oresme, 14th c.), ad. L. cōpulātīv-us of or pertaining to coupling, connective, f. ppl. stem of cōpulāre: see above and -ive.]
A. adj.
1. a. Serving to couple or connect; spec. in Gram. applied to conjunctions which connect (constructionally) words or clauses which are also connected in sense; opposed to adversative or disjunctive. Also spec. copulative compound. [So already in Martianus Capella and other L. grammarians.]
1388Wyclif Prol. 57 A participle of a present tens..mai be resoluid into a verbe of the same tens, and a coniunccioun copulatif. 1520Whitinton Vulg. (1527) 6 b, Two nominatyue cases..with a coniuncyon copulatyue comynge bytwene. a1653Gouge Comm. Heb. i. 5 These copulative particles, and, again. 1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 189 Conjunctions are principally divided into two sorts, the copulative and disjunctive. 1888Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (ed. 2) 75 Such compounds as hásta-krta ‘hand-made’ in Sk,..are..nothing else but fragments of pre-inflectional sentences, as is shown still more clearly in the Sk copulative compounds, such as aho⁓rātrám ‘a day and night’. 1933Bloomfield Language xiv. 235 One can therefore distinguish between copulative compounds (Sanskrit dvandva) and determinative (attributive or subordinative) compounds. Ibid., The Hindu grammarians distinguished among copulative compounds a special sub-group of repetitive (amredita) compounds, with identical members, as in choo-choo, bye-bye, goody-goody. 1951A. G. Hatcher (title) Modern English word-formation and neo-Latin: a study of the origins of..copulative compounds.
b. Involving such connexion of words or clauses.
1586Cogan Haven Health ccxliii. (1612) 262 These kind of copulative sentences. 1628T. Spencer Logick 223 A Copulatiue Axiome..is that, the coniunction whereof, is Copulatiue. 1725Watts Logic ii. ii. §6 Copulative propositions, are those which have more subjects or predicates connected by affirmative or negative conjunctions; as, riches and honour are temptations to pride. 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 74 The copulative judgment (‘S is both p and q and r’).
c. Logic and Gram. Connecting the subject and predicate, or subject and predicative complement; forming the copula.
1654Vilvain Epit. Ess. vii. 42 With a Verb copulativ in midst of al. 1871Public Sch. Lat. Gram. §110 The Verbs which so couple a Subject and Complement are called Copulative Verbs.
†2. Characterized by ‘copulation’ or connexion; connective; forming a connected whole. Obs.
1648Sanderson Serm. (1653) 20 True obedience is copulative. 1660Swinnock Door Salv. Op. 177 The commands of the law are all copulative, they hang together like a carcanet of Jewels. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 425 The command in their Proclamation was copulative, to go to their meetings, and to attend and concur, and the going was only commanded in order to their attending and concurrence.
3. Zool. and Anat. Relating to or serving for the reproductive union of the sexes; copulatory.
1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 147 At the extremity of the vagina is situated the copulative sac. 1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 545/2 The reproductive organs..are commonly subdivided into the formative and copulative.
B. n.
1. Gram.
a. A copulative conjunction or particle.
1530Palsgr. 148 Of conjunctions some be copulatives. 1609W. Sclater Threef. Preservative (1610) B iv a, Copulatiues somtimes haue force of conditionals. 1695Bp. Patrick Comm. Gen. 156 A great number of learned men expound the particle Vau, as a Causal, not as a Copulative in this place. 1751Harris Hermes (1841) 187 The principal copulative in English is and. 1845Stoddart in Encycl. Metrop. (1847) I. 169/1 The Latin ac and atque..in their first sense are mere copulatives.
b. A connecting word or particle. rare.
1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman ii. (1841) I. 13, I can by no means approve of studied abbreviations, and leaving out the needful copulatives of speech in trading letters.
†c. Logic. = copula. Obs. rare.
1751Wesley Wks. (1872) XIV. 162, 1. The subject..2. The predicate..and 3. The copulative.
†2. A copulative agent or instrument, a link. Obs.
1615W. Hull Mirr. Maiestie 120 Righteousnesse, which is the copulative of all true vertues.
†3. Something involving or characterized by connexion or union; a connected whole. Obs.
1621Bolton Stat. Irel. 165 The same Act being in such a copulative. 1656Trapp Comm. John vii. 23 The law is one entire copulative.
†4. Used humorously of persons about to be coupled in marriage. Obs.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. iv. 58, I presse in heere sir, amongst the rest of the Country copulatiues.
†5. ? ‘Connexion, conjunction by marriage’ (Todd). Obs.
1679Sir P. Ricaut State of Greek Ch. 307 They understand Polygamie to be a Conjunction of divers Copulatives in number, which is not understood till a person proceeds unto a fourth Wife, which makes more than one Copulative in the rule of Marriage. |