| 释义 |
▪ I. † cornel1 Obs.
Also 4–5 cornell(e, 5 cornal(e.
A variant of carnel, kernel = battlement, embrasure.
c1300K. Alis. 7210 The touris to take, and the torellis, Vawtes, alouris, and the corneris [for cornellis]. c1325Coer de L. 1842 Six stages ful of towrelles, Wel flourished with cornelles. c1440Partonope 408 Wyth Towres and Cornellis so well ymade. c1440Le Bone Florence 808 Florence lay in a cornell. 1602in T. Stafford Pac. Hib. iii. vii. 308 Raise of a greater height that worke Captaine Tirrell made, betwixt the house and the cornell.
▪ II. † cornel2 Obs. or dial.
[a. OF. cornal:—late L. cornāle corner, f. L. cornū, in OF. corn horn, corner. The origin of sense 2 is obscure.]
1. Corner, angle (of a house, etc.).
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 326 The side in longe upon the south thou sprede, The cornel ryse upon the winter sonne [in primo angulo excipiens ortum solis hyberni]. 1463Bury Wills (1850) 22 My cornell hous in the Cook-rowe. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 684 The flure..couerit full clene, Cummand fra the Cornellis closand quemely. 1658Phillips, Cornel, an old word, signifying a corner. 1721in Bailey. 1850Bury Wills Notes 241/2 In the dialect of Herefordshire cornel still signifies a corner. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Cornel, a corner.
2. (See quots.)
c1490Promp. Parv. 93 (MS. H) Cornel, frontispicium. 1658Phillips, Cornel..also the fore-part of a house. 1721in Bailey.
▪ III. cornel3|ˈkɔːnəl|
Also 6–7 -ell, -eill, -eil(e, 7 -ill, -oil(e, cornowlee.
[App. first in 16th c. herbalists, in the compounds cornel tree, cornel berry, transl. Ger. cornel-, cornell-baum (16th c. in Grimm), kornel-beere, app.:—OHG. cornulbaum, -beri, churnelbere, quirnilberi. According to Hildebrand, Kluge, etc., OHG. cornul, curnol was ad. med.L. cornolium (or ? cornolius) cornel-tree (in Du Cange). This med.L. seems to be formed on F. cornouille (in 16th c. cornoille, cornoaille) ‘cornel-cherry’, which Diez refers to a pop. L. *cornuculum (in pl. -a), dim. of L. cornum ‘cornel-cherry’, the fruit of the cornus or cornel-tree.
The Ger. kornelbaum is also the source of Da. korneltræ, Sw. kornelträd. Mod.Ger. has kornelle for the fruit. From F. cornouille is derived Du. kornoelje, whence Brereton's cornowlee (quot. 1634). Variously formed derivatives of L. cornus, cornum, and the adj. corneus, appear in corn-tree, OE. corntreow, and It. cornio, corniolo the tree, cornia, corniola the fruit (cf. Picard dial. corgnolle, corniolle), obs. F. cornille the berry (Cotgr.), Sp. cornejo (:—corniculus), F. cornier, cornouillier, cornel-tree.]
1. English name of the botanical genus Cornus, of which the ancient writers and early herbalists distinguished two ‘sorts’, Cornus mas ‘male cornel’, and C. femina ‘female cornel’. The former was the cornel-tree (see 3 a) or cornelian cherry-tree, the tame cornel of Lyte (C. mascula), a large shrub or low tree bearing edible fruit, a native of Southern Europe, sometimes cultivated in Britain; the latter was the cornel-bush, wild or common cornel, or dogwood (C. sanguinea), a common hedge-row shrub in the south of England, of which the berries are not edible. dwarf cornel is a modern book-name of C. suecica, and in N. America of C. canadensis. With other qualifying words the name is sometimes given to other species of Cornus, of which more than twenty are known.
1551[see 3 a]. 1589Fleming Georg. Virg. ii. 31 The peare tree changed for to beare apples grafted thereon, And stonie cornells to wax red with damsens or with plums. 1634Brereton Trav. (1844) 45 Cornowlee makes an hedge like privett. 1725Pope Odyss. x. 284 The goddess..strows The fruits of cornel, as their feast. 1791Cowper Iliad xvi. 936 Or beech, or ash, or rugged cornel old. 1856Bryant Strange Lady viii, Where cornels arch their cool dark boughs o'er beds of winter-green. 1863Life in South I. vi. 84 The abundant blossom of the cornel, or dogwood.
b. The fruit of the Cornel Tree, the Cornelian Cherry or Long Cherry, a fruit of the size and shape of an olive.
1601Holland Pliny I. 448 Others turn red, as Mulberries, Cherries, and Cornoiles. Ibid. I. 449 Mulberries, Cherries, and Corneils, haue a sanguine and bloudie liquor. 1666A. Brome Horace ii. ii. (1671) 244 Avidienus..would eat wild Cornels. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 109 And stony cornels crimson on the plums.
c. A javelin or shaft of cornel-wood. [Only transl. L. cornus, so used.]
1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. viii. (1626) 160 His heauy cornell with a head Of brasse, he hurles. 1855Singleton Virgil II. 496 A twang Emits the whirring corneil.
2. attrib. or adj. Of cornel-wood. [After L. corneus.]
1671H. M. tr. Erasm. Colloq. 260 He had bought oaken ones, when there was need of Firr, or Cornel ones. 1700Dryden Fables, Pal. & Arc. 1546 Reclining on her cornel spear she stood. 1725Pope Odyss. xix. 510 His cornel spear Ulysses wav'd. 1809Heber Palestine 328 Form the long line, and shake the cornel lance. 1868Morris Earthly Par. I. 107 To see the mighty cornel bow unstrung.
3. Comb.
a. cornel-tree, the Cornelian cherry tree. (Rarely = Dogwood.) Cf. sense 1.
The earliest use of the word.
1551Turner Herbal i. M ij b, I heare say that ther is a Cornel tree at Hampton Courte here in Englande. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. li. 725 There be two sortes of the Cornell tree..the tame and wilde. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 395 As for the Corneile-tree, which the Latines call Cornus..it would be planted or grafted after the manner of the Ceruise-tree. 1783W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 132 The trees most common in Persia are the plane tree..and the cornel-tree. 1879Butcher & Lang Odyss. 161 Circe flung them acorns and mast and fruit of the cornel tree.
b. cornel-berry, -fruit: = 1 b. (Sometimes the fruit of other species of Cornus.)
1578Lyte Dodoens i. viii. 15 Like to a small Oliue or Cornell Berry. Ibid. vi. li. 726 The Cornell fruite [of the garden]..is good against the laske. 1791Cowper Odyss. x. 299 With acorns, chesnuts, and the cornel-fruit. 1848Thoreau Maine W. i. (1864) 59 The cornel or bunch berries were very abundant.
c. cornel-wood, the wood of Cornus mascula, celebrated for its hardness and toughness, whence it was anciently in request for javelins, arrows, etc.: cf. 1 c.
1600Holland Livy i. lvi. 39 A golden rod within a staffe of cornell wood. 1860Rawlinson Herodotus vii. xcii. IV. 83 For arms they had bows of cornel wood. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 440 Within the towne of Rome there stood An image cut of cornel wood.
d. cornel-bush, dogwood (or other shrubby species).
1829E. Jesse Jrnl. Nat. 389 The cornel bushes (cornus sanguinea) were decorating our hedges in..profusion.
▪ IV. † cornel4 Obs. rare.
[f. corn n.1 + -el, dim. suff.; cf. cornel, an obs. form of kernel.]
A little grain, granule.
1590Lodge Euphues' Gold. Leg. in Halliw. Shaks. VI. 14 They were glad with æsops cocke, to scrape for a barley cornell. 1659T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 180 Nor shall she vend, a cornel of Bay-Salt.
▪ V. cornel, -ell
obs. ff. coronal, kernel. |