| 释义 |
Cornish, a.2 (n.)|ˈkɔːnɪʃ|
[f. first element of Cornwall (OE. Cornweallas = Corn-Welsh) + -ish.
The native equivalent was Kernûak, Kernewec, deriv. of Kernóu, Pou Kernów (= pagus Cornubiæ) Llwyd, Cernow, Kernow (Williams), Welsh Cernyw, Cornwall: cf. Breton Kernéô, Kerné, the district of Cornouaille in Armorica. These forms point to a proto-Celtic *Cornovjo-s, *Cornovja: cf. med.L. Cornubia, whence Corˈnubian, Corˈnubic = Cornish. Ptolemy has κορναούιοι, Roman sources Cornovii, as names of British tribes, though not in Cornwall. Prob. derived from Celtic corn, cornu, ‘horn’, in sense of projecting corner or headland.]
1. Of or belonging to Cornwall:
a. Applied to the people and language; hence Cornishman.
b. In the names of various animals, plants, natural products, etc. found in Cornwall, as Cornish chough (see chough 2 a), Cornish cream, Cornish crow, Cornish daw, Cornish heath, Cornish money-wort, etc.; also Cornish boiler, the cylindrical flue-boiler invented by Smeaton; Cornish clay, a clay obtained from the decomposition of Cornish granite, used in making earthenware; C. diamond, a variety of quartz found in Cornwall; a crystal of this quartz; C. engine, a form of single-acting condensing steam-engine, used for pumping up water, first used in Cornwall; C. gilliflower, a variety of apple; C. hug (in Wrestling), see hug n.; Cornish pasty, meat, vegetables, and seasoning cooked in a case of pastry; C. pump, a pump worked by a Cornish engine; Cornish stone, † (a) = Cornish diamond; (b) Cornish granite in a state of partial decomposition, ground and used with clay in the manufacture of earthenware; Cornish wrestling, a local form of wrestling in which contestants, wearing loose canvas jackets, try to throw their opponent by grappling, tripping, and other techniques; cf. Cornish hug.
a.1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. i. (1870) 122 The apendex..treatinge of Cornewall and Cornyshe men. Ibid. 123 In Cornwall is two speches: the one is naughty Englyshe, and the other is Cornyshe speche. Ibid., No Cornysheman dothe nomber aboue xxx. 1602Carew Cornwall i. (1769) 19 The Cornish people gaue themselues principally..to the seeking of Tynne. Ibid. 55 Cornish names hold an affinity with the Welsh. 1880T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Gloss. Introd. 74 The Cornishman, a Penzance weekly paper.
b.
1840–56S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin. s.v. Boiler, Boilers..1st, globular; 2ndly, cylindrical..as the *Cornish boiler.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 112 A large preserved Specimen of *Cornish Brown Trout (Salmo fario).
1552Huloet, *Cornyshe chowghe or crowe, Pyracorax.
1829S. Shaw Staffordsh. Potteries 160 For the finest pottery there is also used a certain proportion of *Cornish or china clay. 1886E. Meteyard Life Wedgwood 423 The opposition of the Potters to Champion's Bill..left open..the free use of Cornish stone and clay.
1905A. L. Salmon Lit. Rambles West of Eng. (1906) 214 Ready to indulge eagerly in *Cornish cream and saffron-cake. 1912‘Q’ Hocken & Hunken vi, A delectable junket with Cornish cream. 1968D. Hopkinson Incense Tree ii. 13 The great bowls of Cornish cream stood on the shelves and she took up a spoon to skim the golden crust.
c1575Parl. Byrdes 145 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 174 Than sayde the *Cornyssh daw.
1591Nashe in Arb. Garner I. 501 (D.) If one wear *Cornish diamonds on his toes. 1748De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (1871) II. 5 (D.) Hengeston Hill, which produces a great plenty of Cornish diamonds. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 215 Rock crystal..also known as..‘Cornish’ or ‘Irish’ diamond.
1840–56S. C. Brees Gloss. Civil Engin., *Cornish Engine, a single acting beam engine, employed in raising water from mines..The steam..is used for the down stroke only, and raises an immense weight fastened to the pump rod at the end of the beam.
c1850Nat. Encycl. I. 937 The finest variety..is the *Cornish Gilliflower.
1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. III. 367 *Cornish Heath..is well distinguished..by its truly bell-shaped corolla.
Ibid. IV. 134 Creeping Sibthorpia..is called also *Cornish Money-wort. 1882The Garden 21 Jan. 34/2 The Cornish Moneywort..I have stuck..in against a moist bank in a deep Surrey lane.
1877N. & Q. 5th Ser. VII. 297 The *Cornish pasty baked without a dish. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 590/1 Patties may be of various sizes and shapes, ranging from a Cornish pasty to a tiny bouchée.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 198 The *Cornish-Stones, the Bristow-Stones. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 481 The glaze for cream-coloured pottery is formed of white lead, Cornish-stone, and flint.
[a1661[see hug n. 2]. 1714T. Parkyns (title) The inn-play or Cornish-hugg Wrestler. ]1824T. Hogg Fabulous Hist. Cornwall 69 (title) The first *Cornish wrestling. 1889in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing, Boxing, Wrestling 330/2 (Index) Cornish wrestling. 1957Encycl. Brit. VI. 463/1 Cornish wrestling is confined to Cornwall and Brittany. 1977West Briton 25 Aug. 11/4 Thursday's senior Cornish wrestling championships were won by J. Dorning (St. Helens), with M. Roberts (Portsmouth) second.
2. n. The ancient language of Cornwall, a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages; it became extinct in the latter part of the 18th c.
1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. i. (1870) 123 Who so wyll speake any Cornishe, Englyshe and Cornyshe doth folow. 1602Carew Cornwall i. (1769) 71 A kinde of Enterlude, compiled in Cornish out of some scripture history. 1867Max Müller Chips (1880) III. xiv. 300 Cornish began to die out in Cornwall about the time of the Reformation. |