| 释义 |
‖ corpus|ˈkɔːpəs|
Pl. corpora |ˈkɔːpərə|.
[L.; = body.]
1. The body of a man or animal. (Cf. corpse.)
Formerly frequent; now only humorous or grotesque.
c1440York Myst. xxxiii. 430 We ar combered his corpus for to cary. 1490Caxton Eneydos li. (1890) 143 They came wyth the corpus, makyng gret mone. 1531in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 104 He was lothe to goe and see the ded corpus. 1709Brit. Apollo II. No. 19. 3/2 His Corpus (Now bulky as Porpus). 1799Piece Fam. Biogr. II. 108 They ate up his corpus, his hands and his feet. 1849Lytton K. Arthur ix. xcvi, A sick polypus..Stretch'd out its claws to incorporate my corpus. a1854Villikins & his Dinah (in Mus. Bouquet, No. 452), He kissed her cold corpus a thousand times o'er.
2. Phys. A structure of a special character or function in the animal body, as corpus callosum, the transverse commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres; so also corpora quadrigemina, corpora striata, etc. of the brain, corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa of the penis, etc.; corpus luteum [L. luteus, -um yellow] (pl. corpora lutea), a yellowish body developed in the ovary from the ruptured Graafian follicle after discharge of the ovum; it secretes progesterone and other hormones and after a few days degenerates unless fertilization has occurred, when it remains throughout pregnancy.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Corpus Callosum (in Anat.) is the upper Part, or Covering of a Space made by the joyning together of the right and left Side of the inward Substance of the Brain. 1788Encycl. Brit. I. 740/2 In conception, one of these mature ova is supposed..to be squeezed out of its nidus into the Fallopian tube; after which the ruptured part forms a substance which in some animals is of a yellow colour, and is therefore called corpus luteum. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (1865) 581 The ganglionic matter of the Corpora Striata. 1874― Ment. Phys. App. (1879) 715 Experiments on the Corpora Quadrigemina (or Optic Ganglia). 1869Huxley Phys. xi. 298 The floor of the lateral ventricle is formed by a mass of nervous matter, called the corpus striatum. 1910Surg., Gyn. & Obstetr. X. 221/2 (heading) Extract of corpus luteum in disturbances of artificial and physiologic menopause. Ibid., An extract made from the corpora lutea of beef ovaries [was used] rather than an extract of the entire ovary. 1926J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. v. 60 The number of corpora lutea, or traces of discharged ova in the ovaries. 1939Ann. Reg. 1938 372 Corpus luteum hormone and its derivatives. 1959New Biol. XXX. 79 As in mammals, glandular bodies known as corpora lutea are produced in the ovaries of viviparous (and also of some oviparous) reptiles, in places from which the eggs have been shed at ovulation.
3. A body or complete collection of writings or the like; the whole body of literature on any subject.
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., Corpus is also used in matters of learning, for several works of the same nature, collected, and bound together..We have also a corpus of the Greek poets..The corpus of the civil law is composed of the digest, code, and institutes. 1865Mozley Mirac. i. 16 Bound up inseparably with the whole corpus of Christian tradition. 1876Gladstone in Contemp. Rev., June 14 Assaults on the corpus of Scripture. 1886Athenæum 14 Aug. 211/1 The completion of such a corpus of Oriental numismatics.
b. The body of written or spoken material upon which a linguistic analysis is based.
1956W. S. Allen in Trans. Philol. Soc. 128 The analysis here presented is based on the speech of a single informant..and in particular upon a corpus of material, of which a large proportion was narrative, derived from approximately 100 hours of listening. 1963Language XXXIX. 1 In the analysis of the data, the structural features of the corpora will first be described. 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. General Linguistics ii. 40 The theoretical objection one may make against the ‘corpus’ method is that two investigators operating on the same language but starting from different ‘corpuses’, may arrive at different descriptions of the same language. 1971J. B. Carroll et al. Word Frequency Bk. p. xxvii, How many types does one have to ‘know’ to know 95% of the tokens in the population of texts from which a corpus has been derived? 1983G. Leech et al. in Trans. Philol. Soc. 25 We hope that this will be judged..as an attempt to explore the possibilities and problems of corpus-based research by reference to first-hand experience, instead of by a general survey.
4. The body or material substance of anything; principal, as opposed to interest or income.
1844Williams Real Prop. (1877) 225 Not only the income, but also the corpus of any property, whether real or personal. 1884Law Rep. 25 Chanc. Div. 711 If these costs were properly incurred they ought to be paid out of corpus and not out of income.
5. phr. corpus delicti (see quot. 1832); also, in lay use, the concrete evidence of a crime, esp. the body of a murdered person. corpus juris: a body of law; esp. the body of Roman or civil law (corpus juris civilis).
1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. xxiv. 479 Corpus delicti (a phrase introduced by certain modern civilians) is a collective name for the sum or aggregate of the various ingredients which make a given fact a breach of a given law. Ibid. II. xlv. 796 The very best attempts yet made to distribute the corpus juris into parts. 1863N.Y. State Court of Appeals, Rep. IV. 179 The corpus delicti, in murder, has two components, death as the result and the criminal agency of another as the means. 1891Fortn. Rev. Sept. 338 The translation..of the Corpus Juris into French. 1908Hawthorne Libr. Best Myst. & Detective Stories 89 The term ‘corpus delicti’ is technical, and means the body of the crime, or the substantial fact that a crime has been committed. 1922Joyce Ulysses 451 (He extends his portfolio.) We have here damning evidence, the corpus delicti, my lord, a specimen of my maturer work disfigured by the hallmark of the beast. 1964Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 13 Sept. 3/3 An enthusiastic trooper, one of a party investigating river, dam and hollow log in search of the corpus delicti, found some important evidence in a fallen tree.
†6. by corpus bones: perh. a confusion of corpus Domini and Goddes bones: cf. also cops body! s.v. cops 2.
c1386Chaucer Pard. Prol. 28 By corpus [2 MSS. corps] bones, but I haue triacle. ― Prioress' Prol. 1 (Harl.) ‘Wel sayd, by corpus boones [6 texts corpus dominus]!’ quod oure host. ― Monk's Prol. 18 By corpus [Harl. corpes Petw. goddes] bones, I wol haue thy knyf.
Add:[2.] b. Bot. [Introduced in this sense (in Ger.) by A. Schmidt 1924, in Bot. Archiv (Berlin) VIII. 352.] The inner mass of cells in an apical meristem, which are enclosed by the tunica and whose division contributes to the increase in volume of a plant.
1939Bot. Rev. V. 460 The growth of the central core or corpus, by contrast, consists in an increase in mass. 1958Jrnl. Faculty Sci. Univ. Tokyo VII. 368 Two tissue zones occur in the apical meristem, that is, the tunica, consisting of one or more periclinal layers of cells, and the corpus, a mass of cells enclosed by the tunica. 1965K. Esau Plant Anat. (ed. 2) v. 94 Although the epidermis usually arises from the outermost tunica layer.., the underlying tissues may have their origin in the tunica or the corpus or both. 1984L. W. Browder Developmental Biol. (ed. 2) xiii. 647 The tunica and corpus are thought to be maintained by division of the initial cells contained within them. |