| 释义 |
▪ I. sorrow, n.|ˈsɒrəʊ|
Forms: α. 1 sorh, sorhᵹ, 2–3 sorhe (2 sorhᵹe, 3 seorhe); 1 sorᵹ, 2–4 sorȝe (3 sorge, seorȝe, 4 zorȝe, sorghe); 3 soreȝe (-ege), 5 soroȝe, sorugh(e. β. 3 serrȝhe, sareȝe; 3–4 serewe, 4–5 serwe, sarow(e; 9 dial. sarrow, sarra(h. γ. 3 sorw, sorwȝe, seor(u)we, 3–5 sorwe, sorewe. δ. 4–5 soru, sorou (4 sorouu), 5 soro, 6 sourou; 3–6 sorow(e, 5– sorrow, 6–7 sorrowe; 8–9 Sc. sorro', 9 sorra.
[Common Teut.: OE. sorh, sorᵹ, = OFris. *sorge (WFris. soarch, EFris. sôargh, sûrghe, NFris. sörrig, surreg, etc.), OLFrank. sorga (MDu. sorghe, Du. zorg), OS. sorga, soraga, soroga (MLG. sorge, sorch-, LG. sorge, sörge), OHG. sorga (MHG. and G. sorge), ON. (Icel., Norw., Sw., Da.) sorg, Goth. saurga (= *sorga). Relationship to forms outside of Teutonic is uncertain.]
1. a. Distress of mind caused by loss, suffering, disappointment, etc.; grief, deep sadness or regret; also, that which causes grief or melancholy; affliction, trouble.
In OE. freq. in weaker sense, ‘care, anxiety’.
α Beowulf 1322 Ne frin þu æfter sælum; sorh is ᵹeniwod Deniᵹea leodum. c888K. ælfred Boeth. vii. §2 Ða ilcan [ðing]..ðe næfre nanne mon buton sorᵹe ne forlætað. 971Blickl. Hom. 103 Ne biþ þær sar ne ᵹewinn,..ne sorᵹ ne wop. c1100O.E. Chron. (MS. F) an. 870, Ealne his timan was ᵹewinn & sorhᵹe ofer England. c1175Lamb. Hom. 63 Þe saule of him is forloren and þe sorȝe is him biforen. c1230Hali Meid. 27 Weorldes uanite, þat wurðeð al to sorhe & to care. c1250Orison of our Lady 22 in O.E. Misc. 160 Al þis world schal ago Wið seorhe and wið sore. 1340Ayenb. 71 Oþer ine zorȝe oþer ine blisse wyþoute endynge. 1390Gower Conf. II. 144 His echedaies fantasie Of sorghe is evere aliche grene. a1400–50Alexander 249 Wheþire it be sele or soroȝe. c1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 1 Fulle of sorughe and gladnesse, as mani lovers ben.
βc1200Moral Ode 378 (Trin. Coll. MS.), Nis þar sareȝe ne sor non. c1200Ormin 4852 Þiss..drifeþþ fra þin herrte, All flæshliȝ care & serrȝhe & sit. a1225Ancr. R. 354 Ine sor & ine seoruw. a1250Owl & Night. 884 Hi ne seoþ her nowiht bute serewe. a1300Body & Soul in Map's Poems (Camden) 344 To synne and serwe was thi drauȝt. a1400Pist. Susan 145, I am with serwe biset on eueriche side. c1400Apol. Loll. 108 His trauel schal be-gynne in sarow.
γa1200Vices & Virtues 19 Ðar is sorwȝe and sarinesse for ðare muchele ortrewnesse. a1250Owl & Night. 431 Hwanne snouh liþ þikke & wide, & alle wihtes habbeþ sorewe. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5044 Þe king him let ek in sorwe & in siknesse lede. c1320Sir Tristr. 578 Ouer londes he gan fare Wiþ sorwe and reweful chere. c1440Jacob's Well 66 Þou muste haue..full sorwe in þin herte for þi synne. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 26 Suche goodes as were gaderide with synne, were loste with sorwe.
δa1300Cursor M. 24635 Seke i was and sar for soruu. a1340Hampole Psalter cxxvi. 3 Ȝe þat ete þe bred of sorow, þat is, ȝe þat make sorow in ȝoure pilgrimage. c1375Cursor M. 754 (Fairf.), To saue þaire self..or ellis in sorou for to lende. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) iv. 13 Scho began to crie, as a thing þat had mykill sorowe. c1420Chron. Vilod. 1437 [They] weron in soro & penaunce alle þat nyȝt. 1508Dunbar Flyting 21 Incres of sorrow, sklander, and evill name. 1559Mirr. Mag., Hen. VI, iv, A silly soule with woe and sorowe souste. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 23 For earthly sight can nought but sorrow breed. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 232 Ham. What, lookt he frowningly? Hor. A countenance more in sorrow then in anger. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xx. (1695) 122 Sorrow is uneasiness in the Mind, upon the thought of a Good lost,..or the Sense of a present Evil. 1742Gray Adversity 15 What sorrow was, thou bad'st her know. 1784Cowper Task vi. 46 Sorrow has..subdu'd and tam'd The playful humour. 1841Helps Ess., Aids Contentm. (1842) 17 And we may remember that sorrow is at once, the lot, the trial, and the privilege of man. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xlii, His face wore a look of sorrow and alarm.
b. In more or less personified use.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1080 Þer was solace & songe wher sorȝ has ay cryed. c1400Rom. Rose 4995 Labour and Travaile Logged ben with Sorwe and Woo, That never out of hir court goo. 1554–9Songs & Ball. Philip & Mary (Roxb.) 1 Sorrowe hath caught me in her sner. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iii. iv, Sorrow,..the mother and daughter of melancholy. 1757Gray Bard 62 And sorrow's faded form, and solitude behind. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. xcvi, How selfish Sorrow ponders on the past. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lix, O Sorrow, wilt thou live with me?
c. In proverbs and phrases.
c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) iii, Bettur sayd soro thenne sene! 1788Grose's Dict. Vulg. T. (ed. 2), Sorrow shall be his sops, he shall repent this. Ibid., Sorrow go by me; a common expletive used by the presbyterians in Ireland.
2. a. With a and pl. An instance or cause of grief or sadness; an affliction or trouble.
α Beowulf 149 Torn ᵹeþolode wine Scyldinga, weana ᵹehwelcne, sidra sorᵹa. a900Cynewulf Crist 86 Swa eal manna bearn sorᵹum sawað, swa eft ripað. 971Blickl. Hom. 5 Þæt æᵹhwylc man sceolde..her on sorhᵹum beon. c1175Lamb. Hom. 71 Þet lif and saule beon iborȝen and baðe ilesed ut of sorȝen. c1205Lay. 12332 Ah sone þer æfter sorȝen heom weoren ȝiueðen. c1250Gen. & Ex. 68 Pride..made ilc sorge, and euerilc bale. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 563 Quen þe swemande sorȝe soȝt to his hert.
βa1300Harrow. Hell (Digby) 28 Harde gates haui gon, Serewes soffred moni hon. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xxx. 89 Nis ther no leche so fyn, oure serewes to bete. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. liv. 96 Ȝif eny serwe beo lyk to myn.
γc1250Gen. & Ex. 3742 Moyses told hem al ðis answere, And he ben smiten in sorwes dere. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5923 Þe þridde ȝer..of aildredes kinedom, Þe biginning of þis sorwe to engelonde verst com. c1320Sir Tristr. 368 Her sorwen and her care Þai witt þat frely fode. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxxviii. 7 In these thingus he..shal swage sorewen. c1400Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 60 [It] brynges ynward sorwys to mannys hertys.
δa1300Cursor M. 9641 Sua þou wald his sorus slak. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 7 Now of fiue sorowes..Henry in his writyng telles what þei ware. c1440York Myst. xii. 7 And sithen what sorouse sor warre sene. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 8 The wiese men bere their greues & sorowes as they were swete vnto them. 1557North Gueuara's Diall Pr. (1568) 300 There is great difference from the cares and sorrowes of weomen to that of men. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. v. 78 When sorrowes come, they come not single spies, But in Battaliaes. 1697Dryden æneid i. 307 The day, but not their sorrows, ended thus. 1713Johnson Guardian No. 1 ⁋5 All sorrows which can arrive at me are comprehended in the sense of guilt and pain. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Epist. i. ii. 68 Nor House, nor Lands,..Can..drive one Sorrow from his anxious Breast. 1827Pollok Course T. i. (1860) 17 Sorrows remembered sweeten present joy. 1892Westcott Gospel of Life 270 Every sorrow and pain is an element of discipline.
b. the Man of Sorrows, Jesus Christ. (After Isaiah liii. 3.)
a1853F. W. Robertson Serm. Ser. v. (1890) i. 1 The Human Race typified by the Man of Sorrows. 1857J. Hamilton Less. fr. Gt. Biogr. 170 The Man of Sorrows was not the man who would upbraid a breaking heart.
c. Applied to persons.
1637Milton Lycidas 166 Weep no more, For Lycidas your sorrow is not dead. 1821Shelley Adonais x, Our love, our hope, our sorrow, is not dead; See, on the silken fringe of his faint eyes [etc.].
3. Used as a term of imprecation, or of mere emphasis, in various phrases and constructions. In later use Sc. and Ir., and freq. with the = the mischief, the devil.
a. In the phrase sorrow on (a person or thing).
1325Poem Times Edw. II, 178 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 331 Sorwe on that o frere that kepeth come there. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxxvii. 931 Serwe on heore hedes, but þei wel do! c1440York Myst. xxxii. 362 Now sorowe on such socoure as I haue soght. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. iii. 33 Sorrow on thee, and all the packe of you. 1823Scott Quentin D. xvi, To deal with William de la Marck, on whose name be sorrow! 1862Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xiii. ix. (1872) V. 96 The Duchess Dowager of Würtemburg also came, sorrow on her; a foolish talking woman.
b. In other phrases of imprecation.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2383 Of trecherye & vn-trawþe boþe bityde sorȝe & care! c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 308 But tel me wherfor hydestow with sorwe The keyes of thy chist away fro me? c1400Gamelyn 881 Sorwe have that rekke! 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 140 b, Yf than the porter wold come..& bydde vs walke forth vnthryftes with sorowe. c1560T. Ingelend Disobedient Child C j, God guye the sorow. 1776Burns ‘ O Tibbie, I hae seen the day’ iii, But sorrow tak him that's sae mean. 1831S. E. Ferrier Destiny II. xxvi. 352 Aye, that you will, or sorrow take me! 1855Tennyson Maud i. iv. ii, But sorrow seize me if ever that light be my leading star! 1896P. A. Graham Red Scaur xvii. 258 Sorrow take the chance brought me among you!
c. As an emphatic negative. Chiefly with a.
1573Satir. Poems Reform. xxxix. 87 Persauing that, sorrow mair thay socht it. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 791 But sorrow mair the men mycht gett. 17..Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty xi, The sorrow crap of butter he gat. 1738Scotch Presbyt. Eloquence 111 The Sorrow a Bit of your Dog will I be. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xxiv, Sorra a bit, if I were him. 1825Croker Fairy Leg. Irel. i. 152 ‘Sorrow a know I know,’ said Leary. 1865Lever Luttrell of Arran xviii, The sorrow a word ever crossed your lips.
d. Inserted after what, where, etc., in impatient questions.
a1631Bruce Upon Affair of Gowrie in Serm. (1843) 193 The Earl..said—‘What sorrow means all this haste?’ a1779D. Graham Yng. Coalman's Courtsh. iii. (1787) 22 What a sorrow ails you? 1796Twa Cuckolds & Tint Quey 16 What the sorro' way? D'ye think that I can watch her aye? 1861R. Leighton Rhymes & Poems (ed. 2) 89 ‘Guid⁓wife,’ quoth John, ‘did ye see that moose? Whar sorra was the cat?’
e. In miscellaneous uses with the.
1756M. Calderwood in Coltness Collect. (Maitl. Club) 178 The holydays play the sorrow with the poor people. 1819Thomson Poems 131 (E.D.D.), The sorry's i' the cutty. 1839Carleton Fardorougha iii, Her people's as proud as the very sarra. Ibid. v, Tut! go to the sarra. 1887Service Life Dr. Duguid ii. viii. 219 She should been brunt, the auld limb o' the sorrow!
4. The outward expression of grief; lamentation, mourning; poet., tears. † In early use esp. to make sorrow.
(a)c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3218 Grete dole þay mak, somtyme, and sarowe, For þai may nathyng begg ne borowe. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 16 Mourne þou not, Meede, ne make þou no serwe. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) x. 38 Þe mounkes made mykill sorowe at his dying. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. xviii, [The lion] beganne to crye and make sorowe. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxlv. 174 Whane they within Calays sawe their kynge depart, thay made great sorowe. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 119 Witnes the sorrow that their sister makes.
(b)a1425Cursor M. 10496 (Trin.), Whil she mened þus hir mone Wiþ wepe & sorwes mony one. 1490Caxton Eneydos lii. 146 Thus lasted the sorowe thre dayes and thre nyghtes, that they neuer dyde ceasse. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 963 Where they view'd each other's sorrow, Sorrow that friendly sighs sought still to dry. 1717Pope Iliad ix. 559 Down his white beard a stream of sorrow flows. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Sat. i. v. 106 Where from green wood the smothering flames arise, And with a smoky sorrow fill our eyes. 1820Keats Lamia ii. 67 She nothing said, but, pale and meek, Arose and knelt before him, wept a rain Of sorrows at his words.
†5.
a. Physical pain or suffering. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 42 He seyde in his sorwe on þe selue Rode, ‘Bothe fox & foule [etc.]’. 1382Wyclif Gen. xxxiv. 25 The thridde day, whanne the sorwe of the woundes is moost greuows. 1388― Rev. xvi. 11 Thei blasfemyden God of heuene, for sorewis of her woundis. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xxx. (Tollem. MS.), Þe reed [celidony] helpeþ..aȝens woodnesse and aȝens olde sorowe.
†b. Mischief; harm, hurt, damage. Obs.
c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8592 Allas! traied we bene Of the ring bi my modre the Quene..; Som sorow she wirketh, wel wot I. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 35 Who yet notwithstanding as he was downe, mangled their feete and legges, and did the Saracens much sorrow.
6. As a term of abuse, reproof, or depreciation applied to persons. Chiefly north. and Sc.
a1400–50Alexander 1735 Þou hase sampned..a sellich nowmbre..Off laddez & of losyngers & of lityll thefez, Siche sary sorowez as þi-self.
1816Scott Antiq. xxvi, Get out o' the gate, ye little sorrow! 1818― Hrt. Midl. xvi, ‘Ye're a leeing auld sorrow then,’ replied the fair one. 1839Hood Lost Heir 53 I'm as hoarse as a crow, with screaming for ye, you young sorrow! 1896‘L. Keith’ Indian Uncle v. 78 ‘That wee sorra’ of a baker's boy with the dinner-rolls.
†7. Used in place of sorry a. Obs.—1
a1470H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) i. liii. 93/2 Iudas was sorowe therof & grutched.
8. attrib., as sorrow-cloud, sorrow-mate, † sorrow-sithe, sorrow-smart; sorrow song, a lament; spec. a song expressing the sorrows of the American Black people.
A number of attributive compounds occur in OE.
c1205Lay. 11109 Monie..menden to him heore sær & heore sorh-siðes. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. v, Helpe me, good sorrow-mates, to give him grave. 1838Eliza Cook The World ii, We murmur and droop should a sorrow-cloud stay. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 153 Therefore shalt thou..know no sorrow-smart. 1903W. E. B. Du Bois Souls of Black Folk xiv. 250 (heading) The sorrow songs. Ibid., They that walked in darkness sang songs in the olden days—Sorrow Songs—for they were weary at heart. 1936A. Locke Negro & his Music iii. 25 These ‘sorrow songs’ are more than a priceless heritage from the racial past, they are promising material for the Negro music of the future. 1943J. Coleridge-Taylor Memory Sketch v. 35 On her return from a South African tour, she [sc. Ada Crasby] gave a recital,..asking my husband to accompany her in his ‘Six Sorrow Songs’. 1962R. E. Pool Beyond Blues 18 Marcus Garvey headed a movement of a ‘back to Africa’ Zionism which was a symptom of race consciousness and of the Negro's awakening discovery of the land of long, long ago: ‘All the way from Africa to Georgia, I carried my sorrow songs.’
9. Comb.
a. Instrumental, with pa. pples., as sorrow-beaten, sorrow-blinded, sorrow-bound, sorrow-closed, etc.
1594Selimus in Greene's Wks. (Grosart) XIV. 263 Into whose calmie port My *sorrow-beaten soule ioyes to ariue.
1855Lynch Rivulet xvi. i, Come, O *sorrow-blinded man.
1842Faber Styrian Lake 39 Why stand ye thus *sorrow⁓bound.
a1586Sidney Arcadia (1622) 274 When her breath..had by sobs gotten into her *sorow-closed breast.
a1618Sylvester Monodia 79 With sigh-swoln heart and *sorrow-clouded eyes. 1849M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 103 And anon there drops a tear From a sorrow-clouded eye.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. i. Ark 71 So, the care-charming hony..re-advanceth *sorrow-daunted hearts.
1603J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos Pref., Wks. (Grosart) I. 12/1 With stil-sweating *sorrow-furrowed Browes.
1849M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 104 A heart *sorrow-laden.
1645Quarles Sol. Recant. v. 17 Nor let thy *sorrow-melted heart bemone Thy banisht bondslave.
c1595J. Dickenson Sheph. Compl. (1878) 9 These *sorrow-seasond lines should firme abide.
1647Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 156 How many have been *sorrow-shot to their heart!
1812Crabbe Tales v. 628 With *sorrow-shrunken face and hair upright.
1819J. H. Payne Brutus v. i. 45 Look upon this *sorrow-stricken form.
1844Lever T. Burke l. 9 Their grief is low and *sorrow-struck.
1600Wisd. Dr. Dodypoll iv. iii. in Bullen Old Pl. (1884) III. 142 Where shall I rest my *sorrow-tired limmes.
1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iv. Decay 725 *Sorrow-torn, thus (to himselfe) he cries.
1645Quarles Sol. Recant. i. 23 To what hopefull end Droyle we our crazy bodies, and expend Our *sorrow-wasted spirits?
1842Card. Wiseman Prayer & Pr.-Bks. Ess. 1853 I. 379 The innermost caverns of a hollow, *sorrow-worn breast.
1638Waller Lady Rich's Death 126 Your Tears and *Sorrow-wounded Soul. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 615/2 To heal the sorrow-wounded heart!
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. ii. 4 Marcus vnknit that *sorrow-wreathen knot.
b. Objective, with pres. pples. and vbl. ns., as sorrow-breathing, sorrow bringing, sorrow-ceasing, sorrow-making, etc.
1825D. L. Richardson Sonnets 97 Thy lay's sweet flow Of *sorrow-breathing music.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iii. Furies 176 The dropsie-breeding, *sorrow-bringing Psylly.
1627Drayton Agincourt 32 *Sorrow-ceasing sleepe..Vpon his Eye-lids stealingly doth creepe.
1470–85Malory Arthur xxi. xi. 857* Ye dysplese god with suche maner of *sorow makyng.
1820Clare Poems Rural Life (ed. 3) 142 That sad *sorrow-ripening name—a Man.
1603Drayton Bar. Wars vi. xciii. 157 She curs'd her *sorrow⁓seeing eye.
1601Weever Mirr. Mart. (Roxb.) 217 In a *sorrow-sighing extasie.
1596C. Fitzgeffrey Sir F. Drake (1881) 96 The *sorrow-sobbing sighes of extasie.
1720Pope Iliad xxiv. 981 So spoke the fair, with *sorrow-streaming eye.
▪ II. sorrow, v.|ˈsɒrəʊ|
Forms: α. 1 sorᵹian, sorhᵹian, 2–3 sorȝen (3 sorgen, sorhen, -in), 4 zorȝe, 5 soroȝe. β. 3 serrȝhenn; 4 sarwin, serewe, 5 serwe. γ. 3 seoruwen, sorewi, 4–5 sorewe; 3–5 sorwe, 4 sorwy, 4–5 sorwyn. δ. 4 soru(u, 4–5 sorou, 4–6 sorow(e, 6 sorrowe, 6– sorrow.
[OE. sorᵹian (f. sorᵹ, sorh sorrow n.), = OFris. *sorgia (WFris. soargje, NFris. sörrige, surrege, etc.), OLFrank. sorgôn (MDu. sorghen, Du. zorgen), OS. sorg-, sorag-, sorogôn (MLG. and LG. sorgen), OHG. sorgôn, usually sorgên (MHG. and G. sorgen); of different formation are Goth. saurgan and ON. syrgja (Icel. and Norw. syrgja, Sw. sörja, Da. sørge).]
1. intr. To feel sorrow or sadness; to regret or grieve; also, to exhibit signs of grief, to mourn.
In OE. freq. ‘to feel care or anxiety, to be anxious’.
α Beowulf 1384 Ne sorᵹa, snotor guma! c888K. ælfred Boeth. vii. §3 Þa woruldare..þe þu nu sorᵹiende anforlete. 971Blickl. Hom. 97 Þeah hwæþere he sceal winnan & sorᵹian, hwonne se dæᵹ cume. c1175Lamb. Hom. 103 Þissere worlde sarinesse þenne þe mon sorȝeð alles to swiðe for his hehte lure. c1205Lay. 5078 Brennes þat isæh & sorȝeden on his heorte. c1230Hali Meid. 27 Moni þing schal ham..makie to carien, &..sorhen & siken. 1340Ayenb. 71 [He] nou ine helle wepeþ and gredeþ, yelleþ and zorȝeþ. a1400–50Alexander 4051 Quen he þaire simpilnes sees he soroȝes in his hert.
βc1200Ormin 8950 Whatt wass ȝuw swa to serrȝhenn? a1300Cursor M. 23511 (Edinb.), Ne suld þou nauþir scham ne sarwin. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxiii. 44 Bi-hold þe wrecchednesse so rif Of soule þat is serwyng.
γa1225Ancr. R. 308 Uour þinges..muwen makien him to seoruwen, & bittren his heorte. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2439 Þenne bygan Leyr to sorewe, & ment his mone euen & morwe. c1350Will. Palerne 691 But whan he wist it was wast.., he gan to sike & sorwe. c1450Lovelich Merlin 11794 (E.E.T.S.), Thus ryden they Soreweng, bothe knyht & page.
δa1300Cursor M. 23511 Ne sal þou noþer scam ne soruu, Bot haf gret ioi. Ibid. 24437, I sagh him dei, i sorud ai. 1375Barbour Bruce xx. 484 Lang quhile our hym thai sorowit swa. c1400Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) iv. xix. 64 Thenne byganne this fayre tree to wepen and to sorowen. 1474Caxton Chesse ii. v. (1883) 70 They..sorowe more that wilful pouerte is lost in rome. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 86 b, In all euyll thou mayst fynde cause to mourne and sorowe. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. ix. 15, I sorrowed all so much, as earst I ioyd. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 117, I shall..So send them forth, though sorrowing, yet in peace. 1720Pope Iliad xix. 134 Stung to the soul, he sorrow'd, and he raged. 1838Lytton Alice 15 They who have sorrowed may well be reluctant to sadden..those to whom sorrow is yet unknown. 1883‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 34 You have sorrowed and tarried in seclusion long enough.
Prov.1639J. Clarke Paræmiologia 220 He that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 366 Lest, according to the old Saying it proves, ‘That he that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing’.
b. Const. at, for, over.
Examples with for and ymbe also occur in OE.
1530Palsgr. 725/1 He soroweth for his fathers deth. 1551Bible Acts xx. 38 Sorowing moste of all for the wordes whiche he spake. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iv. xv. 52 The miserable change now at my end, Lament nor sorrow at. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea xxx. 69 This I haue sorrowed for many times since. 1671Milton Samson 1603, I sorrow'd at his captive state. 1797–1805S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. II. 273 His nature was unequal to sorrowing for more than one object. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xiv, He should sorrow o'er my state. 1867‘Ouida’ C. Castlemaine's Gage (1879) 17 Sorrowing..for her ruined cause and exiled king. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 496, I would not have him sorrow at my hard lot.
†c. With for: To have charge of, look after, provide for. Obs.
1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 25 He that sorowed for malperduys was goon his way. And the hows not pourueyed ne vitaylled. 1545Brinklow Lament. (1874) 90 Yf ye wolde redresse these thinges,..and sorowe [1542 prouyde] for the poore, so shulde ye be without the clamor of them.
2. trans. To think of with sorrow; to feel sorrow on account of; to lament.
a1340Hampole Psalter iv. 5 Ȝe..in ȝoure dennes ere stongen sorowand ȝoure synnes. Ibid. xxiv. 17 [The] anlepy is mare lufid, [the] pore is mare sorowid. c1450Myrr. our Ladye 256 The redde rose waxed then pale when the vyrgyn sorowed the dethe of her sonne. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cxxx. Wks. (1876) 232 Shall not I sorowe the destruccion of .xx. C.M. soules. 1547J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes a iiij, This miserie is muche to be sorowed. 1632Lithgow Trav. vii. 304 Their time was come, which mortality might sorrow, but..not preuent.
b. With subordinate clause.
Examples with hwæðer, hwylc, þæt, occur in OE.
c1450Myrr. our Ladye 308 Thy sonne.., whome thou sorowedyst to suffer dethe. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 290 It is..moche to be sorowed, that [etc.]. 1535Coverdale Judith iv. 2 They sorowed he shulde do vnto the cite of Ierusalem..as he had done to other cities. 1608Capt. Smith True Relat. Wks. (Arb.) 30 Her Father..much sorrowed he could not see me. 1859Tennyson Elaine 728 She,..sorrowing Lancelot should have stoop'd so low, Marr'd her friend's aim. 1897Howells Landl. Lion's Head 418 He sorrowed that he could not attend a service there.
3. To give pain to; to grieve, make sorrowful.
a1310in Wright Lyric P. xv. 50 Nou hit sereweth him ful sore, ant bringeth him to grounde. c1394P. Pl. Crede 688 Þat sorweþ myn herte How þei ben cloþed in cloþ. a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 7 Ȝif ȝoure soule or mynd couaite þat deliteþ, drinke þe first þat soroweþ or akeþ. 1574Hellowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 189 The ague that held you, sorroweth me. 1637Heywood Royall King ii. iv, It sorrows me that you misprize my love. 1840Fraser's Mag. XXI. 23 The only member of the gentler sex whose name sorrows our obituary, is—Miss Landon. 1890J. Middlemass Two False Moves II. xii. 183 The bitterness of her tone sorrowed him.
Hence ˈsorrowed ppl. a.
1607Shakes. Timon v. i. 152 The publike Body..send forth vs, to make their sorrowed render. 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 165 Now raise thy sorrow'd soul to views more bright. |