| 释义 |
▪ I. raffle, n.1|ˈræf(ə)l|
Forms: 4 rafle, 5 rafell, raphill, 7– raffle.
[a. F. rafle, † raffle (1399 in Du Cange; also med.L. raffla 1362), and raffe, raphe (Godef. Compl.), of uncertain origin.
In later F., rafle has also the sense of ‘clean sweep’, and Diez supposes the related vb. rafler, ‘to carry off completely, make a clearance of’, to be derived from the synonymous MHG. raffen; but the existing evidence is against his view that these senses are the original ones.]
†1. A game of chance played with three dice, in which the winner was the person who threw the three all alike, or, if none did so, the one who threw the highest pair; also, the throwing of a doublet or triplet in this game. Obs. exc. dial.
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋719 Hasardrie with hise apurtenances as tables and Rafles. 1468in Records Peebles (1872) 159 Quhat nychtbur that rasettis playaris at the dyss, other hasart or rafell, in hys hows [etc.]. 1479in Eng. Gilds (1870) 422 The towne clerke to fynde theym Dyce, and to have 1d. of every Raphill. 1656Blount Glossogr., Raffle, a game with three Dice, wherein he that throws the greatest Pair-Royal, wins. 1668Dryden Even. Love iii. i, Most commonly they use Raffle. That is, to throw with three Dice, till Duplets, and a Chance be thrown; and the highest Duplet wins, except you throw In and In, which is call'd Raffle; and that wins all. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The raffle is properly the doublet or triplet: a raffle of aces, or duces, carries it against mere points. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Raffles, plays with dice.
2. A form of lottery, in which an article is assigned by drawing or casting of lots (properly by casting of dice as in sense 1) to one person among a number who have each paid a certain part of its real or assumed value.
1766[Anstey] Bath Guide xv. 24 Balls, Raffles, Subscriptions, and Chairs. 1782F. Burney Cecilia v. xii, Has there been anything of the nature of a lottery, or a raffle, in the garden? 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xx. IV. 489 He..had made such sums by raffles that he was able to engage in very costly speculations. 1871C. Gibbon Lack of Gold xxx, There was to be a raffle for a silver watch.
transf.1776Adam Smith W.N. (1869) II. iv. vii. 205 The little prizes which are to be found in what may be called the paltry raffle of colony faction. 1840Hood Kilmansegg, Courtship viii, She had won the ‘Man of her choice’ In a matrimonial raffle!
3. attrib., as raffle prize, raffle ticket.
1976Milton Keynes Express 16 July 9 The raffle prize of a 10 foot canoe went to Mr Sheldrick of Tandra, Bean Hill. 1976Jrnl. (Newcastle) 26 Nov., Mr. Large produced a bundle of official raffle tickets offering Michael's models, which include a gypsy caravan, as prizes.
▪ II. raffle, n.2|ˈræf(ə)l|
Forms: 5 rafull, 7 Sc. raphall, 7– raffle.
[? a. OF. rafle, raffle in phr. rifle ou rafle anything whatsoever, ne rifle ne rafle nothing at all; cf. raff n.1]
1. Of persons.
a. A rabble.
b. Raff, riff-raff.
1486Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A Rafull of knauys. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals i. i. 12 The Priests, and the Friers, and such other raffle. 1921G. C. Shedd Lady of Mystery House xix. 171 Probably the drunken raffle were seeking far and near to take me.
2. a. Of things: Rubbish, refuse.
1848A. B. Evans Leicestersh. Words, s.v., I have cut the hedge; what shall I do with the raffle? 1899Kipling Stalky 73 Plaster, odd shavings, and all the raffle that builders leave in the waste-room of a house. 1906Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 755 A heavy cattle-boat limping past us..with its raffle of pens and its sour sweet reek. 1977A. Hunter Gently Instrumental iv. 50 It was a pleasant-enough spot up there, in spite of the raffle of the yard below.
transf.1891Kipling City Dreadf. Nt. 87 The raffle of conversation that a man picks up as he passes. 1895― Day's Work (1898) 343 He..was pushed and prodded through the slack back-waters of the Lower Fourth, where the raffle of a school generally accumulates.
b. Naut. Lumber, débris, a confused tangle of ropes, canvas, broken spars, etc.
1881Clark Russell Ocean Free Lance I. vi. 278 Others were making some half-hearted efforts to clear away the raffle. 1892Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker 208 The loose topsail had played some havoc with the rigging, and there hung..a raffle of intorted cordage.
transf.1887Stevenson Merry Men, etc. (ed. 2) 285 Huddled from the wind in a raffle of flying drapery.
▪ III. raffle, n.3 rare.|ˈræf(ə)l|
[a. F. rafle, of uncertain origin.]
A kind of net used in fowling and fishing. Also raffle-net.
1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. 5 U iij/1 There is a triple or counter-mesh net, called by some a Raffle, wherewith they likewise catch Birds. 1823Crabb, Raffle-net, a sort of fishing net.
▪ IV. raffle, v.1|ˈræf(ə)l|
[a. F. rafler in same sense, or directly f. raffle n.1 An earlier synonym was rifle v.2]
1. a. intr. To cast dice, draw lots, etc., for something; to take part in a raffle.
a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 84 Those Jew troopers, that threw out, When they were raffling for his Coat. 1689Shadwell Bury F. 11, Will you please to raffle for a tea pot. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 10 Apr., I was drawn in..to raffle for a fan,..it was four guineas, and we put in seven shillings a piece. 1811W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 365 It is as rational to raffle for a residence as to choose one. 1849Lytton Caxtons 21 That work-box which you enticed Mrs. Caxton into raffling for, last winter.
b. Hence in pass., of a thing. Const. for.
1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4687/3 The winning Horse to be sold or raffled for at the value of 40l. 1884Graphic 21 June 595/3 A quilt..to be raffled for at a charitable bazaar.
2. trans. To dispose of by means of a raffle. Also const. off.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 372/1, I can't recollect how many ornaments I raffled. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton xxii. 309 Drowned the precentor, and raffled the church bell. 1877― Green Past. xxix. (1878) 236 We raffled a rug. 1889‘Mark Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xv. 175, I shan't know what to do with them: unless I raffle them off. 1976Washington Post 7 Nov. k2/3 We'll raffle off a 'possum and award a prize to the wearer of the biggest beehive hairdo.
▪ V. ˈraffle, v.2 rare.
Also 8 rafle.
[? var. ruffle v. Cf. Sw. raffla to scrape, fret, grate; F. érafler to graze.]
trans. a. To indent, serrate (a leaf). b. To crumple. c. dial. To ruffle. Hence ˈraffled ppl. a.1, ˈraffling vbl. n.2
a.1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 134 You must then..part and raffle the Leaves. 1817Rickman Goth. Archit. 26 The best examples have all some trifling difference, principally in the raffling of the leaves. Ibid. 32 The first has..water leaves instead of raffled leaves under the volutes. 1895Burns Gloss. Archit., Raffling, the notched edge of foliage in carving.
b.c1728Earl of Ailesbury Mem. (1890) I. 211 He despatched Mr. Carleton..with a bit of paper rafled up.
c.1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Raffle, to raise the skin slightly by abrasion.
▪ VI. ˈraffle, v.3 north. dial.
[var. ravel v.]
trans. To ravel, entangle. Hence ˈraffled ppl. a.2
1800I. Milner in Life xii. (1842) 216 A sad raffled letter. a1843Southey Doctor (1847) VII. Interch. xxiv. 80 T' Maister wad wind 3 or 4 clues togedder, for 3 or 4 Bairns to knitt off—that 'at knit slawest raffled tudder's yarn. 1863in Robson Bards of Tyne 86 Pee Dee ran to clear the anchor, ‘It's raffled’! right loudly he roar'd. 1876–In dial. glossaries (Yks., Rochdale, Sheff., Linc., etc.).
▪ VII. † ˈraffle, v.4 Obs. rare.
[? var. ruffle v.]
intr. To quarrel, wrangle.
c1750[implied in raffler2]. a1796Pegge Derbicisms. |