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corrosion|kəˈrəʊʒən|
Also 5 corrisoun, 5–6 corosion.
[a. OF. corrosion or ad. L. corrōsiōn-em, n. of action f. corrōdĕre to corrode.]
1. The action or process of corroding; the fact or condition of being corroded.
a. Destruction of organic tissue by disease, etc.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 99 Alle scharpe corosivis if þat þei ben brent..her corrisoun [MS. B corosion] is lessid. 1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. v. 170, vi. dyseases of the teeth, payne, corosion, etc. 1626Bacon Sylva §36 It is..a kinde of poyson: for that it worketh either by Corrosion or by a Secret Malignity. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 433 The corrosion of the larger blood vessels. 1882Med. Temp. Jrnl. No. 52. 178 Ulceration and corrosion of [the stomach].
b. Destruction by chemical action; esp. by the action of acids, rust, etc. upon metal.
1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Corrosion is calcination, reducing things coagulated, by the corroding spirits of salt, sulphur..Aqua fortis, etc. into Calx. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 234 Green borax or chrysocolla..is nothing else but copper turned into rust by corrosion. 1875Ure Dict. Arts II. 285 Etching is the result of a chemical process resulting in corrosion of the metal on which the design has been laid down.
†c. The gradual wasting action of water, currents, etc.; erosion. Obs.
1781Rennell in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 97 note, This sand bank being always on the increase, occasions a corrosion of the opposite bank.
d. Geol. The gradual destruction of rock or soil by chemical and solvent action of water, natural acids, etc.; also, the modification of crystals in a rock by the solvent action of residual magma; corrosion zone, the area so modified.
1802J. Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory Earth iii. 98 Some earths,..such as the calcareous, are immediately dissolved by water; and though the quantity so dissolved be extremely small, the operation, by being continually renewed, produces a slow but perpetual corrosion, by which the greatest rocks must in time be subdued. 1897Geogr. Jrnl. X. 502 Erosion, corrosion, and hydrostatic pressure have..formed a real sponge of stone. 1903Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 4) 141 The ferro-magnesian minerals of earlier consolidation among basalts and andesites are sometimes surrounded with a dark shell called the corrosion-zone. 1938Science 15 Apr. 347/2 Soil deterioration or wastage through chemical action may be expressed by the word corrosion, in contrast with soil wastage by physical forces, or erosion. Corrosion is already in use by geologists to some extent to express virtually the same idea as that suggested. 1965A. Holmes Princ. Phys. Geol. (ed. 2) xviii. 505 Corrosion, wearing-away of surfaces and of detrital particles and fragments by the solvent and chemical action of natural waters. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 644/2 The limestone surfaces..are etched, pitted and transected...The corrosion is largely ‘biological weathering’, due to carbonic acid and humic acids in soil and around the roots of lichens and mosses.
2. fig.
a1610Healey Cebes (1636) 111 It will infect his whole life with a continual corrosion. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 74 ⁋2 Peevishness..wears out happiness by slow corrosion. 1871Farrar Witn. Hist. ii. 57 When the faith of her priests has been eaten away by the long corrosion of unacknowledged doubt.
3. concr. A result or product of corrosion, as rust. rare.
1779Fordyce in Phil. Trans. LXX. 34 Arsenic unites with vitriolic, nitrous, and muriatic acids, forming a corrosion or compound not soluble in water.
4. attrib., as corrosion fatigue, failure in a metal part subjected simultaneously to corrosion and to repeated stresses.
1926D. J. McAdam Jr. in Proc. Amer. Soc. for Testing Materials XXVI. 243 Damage to the endurance properties of such specimens [of steel] is due to the combined action of corrosion and fatigue... Such failure under combined corrosion and fatigue may be called ‘corrosion-fatigue’. Ibid. 245 The corrosion-fatigue limit for this degree of corrosion differs very little for all the steels tested. 1955H. J. Grover et al. Fatigue of Metals (1956) x. 139 This type of behaviour is known as ‘corrosion fatigue’ and is highly deleterious. |