| 释义 |
▪ I. corrosive, a. and n.|kəˈrəʊsɪv, formerly ˈkɒrəsɪv|
Forms: α. 4–5 corosif, (-yf, -yff), 5–6 corosive, (-yve), corrosyve, (6 carosyfe, 7 corrosif), 6– corrosive. β. 5 coresif, 6 coresefe, corrizive, -ysive, 7 -isive, -if. γ. 6–7 co(r)rasive. See also corsie, corsive.
[a. F. corrosif, OF. corosif, -ive (14th c. in Littré). The stress being orig. on the third syllable, and afterwards on the first, the second was obscure, and its vowel was represented by e, i, a, and at length lost, giving the form corsive. Since the 17th c. etymological influence has caused the prevalence of corrosive with stress on the second syllable, as in corrode, corrosion; this is found in Milton 1667.]
A. adj. Having the quality of corroding.
1. Having the quality of eating away or consuming by chemical action: said of acids, etc.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 300 Of watres corosif [v.r. coresif] and of lymayle. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. Adm. in Ashm. (1652) 190 Waters corrosyve and waters Ardent. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xiv. i. 295 Waters corosive..waters of albifications, etc. 1667Evelyn Diary 19 Sept., The corrosiue aire of London. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. iii. v. (1851) 311 Quicklime and oil of vitriol..exercise a powerful corrosive action on both animal and vegetable substances. 1888Pall Mall G. 17 July 9/1 You were sentenced for throwing corrosive fluid over your..wife.
2. Having the quality of eating away or destroying organic tissue:
a. said of diseases, etc.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 78 Avicen seiþ þæt þer ben .vi. maner of þis ulcus..summe corosif. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters D j b, Impostumes and other corosyve sores. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 401 To heal the scarr of these corrosive Fires. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. xxii. 439 Corrosive Ulcers, and spreading Cankers. 1876Harley Mat. Med. 316 Violent corrosive poisons. 1877Swinburne Note on C. Bronte 37 It is a radical and mortal plague-spot, corrosive and incurable.
b. Med. Said of medicinal agents or preparations: Caustic, escharotic.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 214 Þis þou myȝt do with a medicyne corosif, save an hoot iren is bettere. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle i. xxxi. (1859) 35 A plaister corosyf. 1541Elyot Image Gov. 31 Lyke good surgeons..with corrosive and sharpe medicines, to drawe out the festred and stinkyng cores. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. clvi. 460 The medicines are either corrosiue, putrifactiue, or caustick. 1751Chesterfield Lett. III. cclii. 156 Not by taking anything corrosive to make you lean. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 98 Some Saint-John's corrosive mixture.
γ1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §102 B, Any such corrasiue, sharpe or eager medicine. 1618M. Baret Horsemanship i. 72 The vnskilfull Chirurgion, which hath applyed corrasiue medicines to a greene wound.
fig.1645Milton Tetrach. (1851) 234 Christ administers..a sharpe and corrosive sentence against a foul and putrid licence.
3. fig.
a. Destructive, consuming, wasting.
b. Fretting, wearing to the mind or feelings.
1581Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. (1877) 166 Vnlawfull and corrosiue maintenaunce. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vi. iii. §4 There ariseth..a pensive and corrosive desire that we had done otherwise. 1742Young Nt. Th. iii. 499 Ills corrosive, cares importunate. 1776G. Campbell Philos. Rhet. (1801) I. 236 That torpid but corrosive rest which is the greatest of all evils. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xxi. 314 The most corrosive woe. 1888Amer. Humorist 5 May 14/2 The face of nature as it is before the corrosive hand of civilization sweeps across it.
4. corrosive sublimate: mercuric chloride or bichloride of mercury (HgCl2), a white crystalline substance, which acts as a strong acrid poison.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Sublimate Corrosive or White Mercury, a strong Corrosive Powder..us'd by Surgeons to eat away Corrupt or Proud Flesh, to cleanse old Ulcers, etc. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Mercury, Corrosive sublimate of Mercury..This sublimate is a violent escharotic. 1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 81 Corrosive muriated quicksilver. 1842Macaulay Fredk. Gt. Ess. (1854) II. 276/1 Pills of corrosive sublimate hidden in his clothes.
B. n.
1. A substance that corrodes by chemical action; an acid or the like.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. Adm. in Ashm. (1652) 191 Oyles with Corrosyves Imade. 1616F. Anthonie (title) Apologie or..Gold..made Potable and Medicinable without Corrosives. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 409 A corrosive, compounded of one third of tartar and two-thirds of nitre.
2. Med. A corrosive drug, remedy, etc.; a caustic, escharotic, etc.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 349 Corosivis & cauterizativis we usiþ in cirurgie in manie causis. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 160 Black Hellebor..menged with Corrosiues. 1767Jago Edgehill iii. (R.), As sharp corrosives to the schirrous flesh. 1830R. Christison Treat. Poisons i. i. 2 Many of these irritants, such as arsenic, are in common speech called corrosives.
γ1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. xxii. 346 a, To lay to this disease some corrasiue or other sharp medicine. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. xx. 259 In physicke the corasives sharpen the lenitives, and the lenitives mitigate the corasives. 1638G. Sandys Paraphr. Div. Poems, Job xiii, You Corrasives into my wounds distill.
b. Applied to condiments having a sharp or pungent taste. rare.
1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 82 The hot Tastes in our Diet..such are the Acrid or Corrosives, as Mustard and Garlick; the Aromatics as Ginger.
†3. fig.
a. Something that ‘frets’ or causes care or annoyance; a grief, annoyance.
b. A sharp or caustic remedy (cf. 2). Obs.
αc1550J. Ramsey (title), A Carosyfe to be layed hard unto the Hartes of all faythfull professours of Christes Gospel. 1621–51Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iv. iv. 150 They..so meditate continually of it, that it is a perpetual corrosive. 1663Clarendon Contempl. Ps. Tracts (1727) 731 The grief that arises from ill children, is a greater corrosive, than the comfort of good is a cordial.
β1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 282 b, This is the Popes best corrizive wherewith he eateth out the canker of controversies. 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 27 That..their fathers faults [should be] a continuall corrisiue.
γ1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 99, I was halfe perswaded that they [women]..would be comforters, but now I see they..will be corrasiues. 1588Greene Pandosto (1607) 18 In things past cure, care is a corasiue. 1630E. Pellham Gods Power in Collect. Voy. (Churchill) IV. 817/1 What a cutting Corasive it would be to them, to hear of the untimely deaths of their Children. 1659T. Wall Charac. Enemies Ch. 43 What a corrasive..to the penitent soul of David, to hear Nathan say, Thou hast made the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme.
†c. Something that consumes. Obs. rare.
1533Elyot Let. to Cromwell in Gov. (1883) p. xcvi, Dowghters..be grete corrosives of a litle substance.
¶ The form corrasive has occasionally been taken as a deriv. of L. rādĕre to scrape, and distinguished from corrosive.
1633T. Adams. Exp. 2 Peter ii. 9 They are our corrosives, corrasives, used only to pare off our excrements. 1656Blount Glossogr., Corrasive (from corrado), which scrapes together, shaves or spoils: This word is many times mistaken for Corrosive, from Corrodo.
▪ II. † corrosive, v. Obs.
Also 7 corrasive.
[f. corrosive n.]
trans. To apply a corrosive to; to consume or ‘fret’ as a corrosive; to worry, vex, annoy, distress.
1581Rich Farewell (1846) 14 Not only sett us free from these detestable enormities, but corrosived our consciences. 1593Drayton Miseries Q. Marg. Wks. 1753 II. 397 If any thing do corrosive his breast, It was, that he was in base England born. 1642Rogers Naaman 865 To have the dead flesh deeply corrasived.
Hence corrosiving vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1592Chettle Kinde-harts Dr. (1841) 22 Trauelers that, by incision, are able to ease all atches..Note their cuttings, drawings, corrosiuings, boxings, butcherings. 1641Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 79 Let us take off the proud flesh with the corrosiving denunciations of vengeance to the impenitent sinners. |