| 释义 |
cosmopolitan, a. and n.|kɒzməʊˈpɒlɪtən|
[f. cosmopolite + -an; cf. metropolitan.]
A. adj.
1. Belonging to all parts of the world; not restricted to any one country or its inhabitants.
1848Mill Pol. Econ. II. iii. xvii. 113 Capital is becoming more and more cosmopolitan. 1865Grote Plato I. iv. 151 The mixed and cosmopolitan character of the Alexandrine population. 1869R. Semmes Adv. Afloat ii. 670 They were of the cosmopolitan sailor class.
2. Having the characteristics which arise from, or are suited to, a range over many different countries; free from national limitations or attachments.
1844Emerson Lect. Yng. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 296 The legislation of this country should become more catholic and cosmopolitan than that of any other. 1847Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 179 He is of a cosmopolitan spirit. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 212 That cosmopolitan indifference to constitutions and religions which is often observable in persons whose life has been passed in vagrant diplomacy.
3. Nat. Hist. Widely diffused over the globe; found in all or many countries.
1860Gosse Rom. Nat. Hist. 38 A few kinds seem, indeed, cosmopolitan, but the great majority have a limited range. 1875Lyell Princ. Geol. II. iii. xxxv. 272 Plants..many of which possess such unlimited powers of diffusion as to be almost cosmopolitan in their range.
4. Composed of people from many different countries.
1907G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island i. 17 Hypocrites, humbugs, Germans, Jews, Yankees, foreigners, Park Laners, cosmopolitan riffraff. 1926R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise of Capitalism ii. 73 Of that cosmopolitan country, destined to be the refuge of the international idea when outlawed by every other power in Europe, Antwerp, ‘a home common to all nations’, was the most cosmopolitan city. 1955Times 9 May 6/3 It is one of the most cosmopolitan constituencies..where..one can still meet almost every known nationality. 1977O. Manning Danger Tree iv. 95 The cosmopolitan patrons had gone with the rest. 1985Washington Post 17 Dec. b5/4 Its image has changed from being a city of government..to a major, international, very cosmopolitan city.
B. n.
1. = cosmopolite.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. Vote Poem, Every ground May be one's country—for by birth each man Is in this world a cosmopolitan. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. xxiii. 520 He was no cosmopolitan. He was an Englishman of the English. 1875Merivale Gen. Hist. Rome xxvii. (1877) 189 The cultivation of the ideas of Greece..transformed the children of Quirinus into mere cosmopolitans.
2. Nat. Hist. A cosmopolitan organism, species, etc. Cf. cosmopolite n. 2.
1952Patterson & Stone Evol. in Genus Drosophila iii. 48 It is probable that the two species recorded in four of the six regions are on the way to becoming cosmopolitans. Ibid. 99 The sibling species melanogaster and simulans are cosmopolitans which find this natural habitat much to their liking. 1975Nature 16 Oct. 588/2 Four of them [sc. Drosophila spp.] are found in tropical countries..whereas the two better known species, D. melanogaster and D. simulans, are widespread cosmopolitans. 1984Zeitschr. f. angew. Zool. LXXI. 144 The cunaxid mites are predators and cosmopolitans.
▸ n. Also with capital initial. A cocktail made with vodka, orange-flavoured liqueur, cranberry juice, and lime juice.
1987San Francisco Chron. 23 Oct. e16/1 Au courant bon vivants sipped concoctions like Julie's Cosmopolitan, a Kamikaze with cranberry juice. 1991Toronto Star 20 June d1/2 The brilliant pink ‘Cosmopolitan’, a combination of Absolut Citron vodka, Cointreau, fresh lime and cranberry juices and a twist of lemon. 2000M. Keyes Sushi for Beginners (2001) l. 424 The guests were..served lemon martinis, followed by cosmopolitans. 2003C. Berlinski Loose Lips viii. 198, I pictured inviting her to a girls' night out..where we'd drink cosmopolitans and chatter. |