| 释义 |
▪ I. sounder1|ˈsaʊndə(r)|
Forms: 5 sundyr, sondyr, s(o)undre, 6 sovneder, sowndir, 7 soundor, 7, 9 sownder, 4– sounder.
[a. OF. sundre, sonre (mod. dial. sonre), of Germanic origin: cf. OE. sunor, suner, ON. sonar- (in sonarblót, -gǫltr), Lombard sonor- (in sonorpair boar), OHG. and MHG. swaner (OHG. swanering, MHG. swänre, boar).]
1. A herd of wild swine.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1440 On þe sellokest swyn swenged out þere, Long sythen for þe sounder þat wiȝt for-olde. c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) v, Þat men calle a trippe of tame swyne and of wylde swyne it is called a soundre, þat is to say, if þer be passed .v. or vi. togydres. Ibid. xxiv, When þei be not of iii. yere, men calleth hem swyne of soundre. 1486Bk. St. Albans e ij b, Twelfe make a Sounder of the wylde swyne, xvi. a medyll Sounder what place thay be inne, A grete sounder of swyne .xx. ye shall call. 1576Turberv. Venerie 100 Of a bore, when he forsaketh the Sounder and feedeth alone he shall be called a Sanglier. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 100 A sounder of hog⁓steers, Or thee brownye lion too stalck fro the mounten he wissheth. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest iv. 25 b, The first yeere he [i.e. the wild boar] is, a Pigg of the sounder. [1616–in Bullokar Eng. Exp. and later Dicts. 1632Guillim's Heraldry iii. xiv. (ed. 3) 177 Skilfull Foresters and good Woodmen Doe vse to say, a Sounder of Swyne [etc.]. 1824McCulloch Highlands Scot. III. 407, I have never spoken of a sownder of swine or a sculk of foxes. ]1840E. E. Napier Scenes & Sports For. Lands I. iv. 115 The noble sight of a fine sounder..breaking covert and scouring along the plain. 1880Tharp Sword of Damocles II. 219 Almost directly afterwards the whole sounder, of ten or a dozen, emerged into the open.
¶2. erron.
a. The lair of a wild boar. rare—1.
1725Pope Odyss. xix. 519 Rous'd by the hounds and hunters..cries, The savage from his leafy sounder flies.
b. (See quots.)
1823Scott Quentin D. ix, It had so happened that a sounder (i.e. in the language of the period, a boar of only two years old) had crossed the track of the proper object of the chase. 1891C. Wise Rockingham Castle vii. 153 A wild Boar of the first year was a ‘Sounder’.
▪ II. sounder2|ˈsaʊndə(r)|
[f. sound v.1]
1. One who makes or utters a sound or sounds; one who causes something, esp. an instrument, to sound.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Tañedor, a plaier or sounder of any instrument, cantor. 1648Hexham ii, Een Luyder, ofte Luyer, a Ringer, a Sounder. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. iv. iv. (1849) 216 This sounder of brass..was a lusty bachelor. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. xiii, In the front..stood the sounder of the sacred trumpet. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities ii. i, The sounders of three-fourths of the notes in the whole gamut of Crime were put to Death.
2. A telegraphic device which enables the communications or signals to be read by sound.
1860G. B. Prescott Electr. Telegr. 91 Since the adoption of the method of reading by sound, another apparatus has taken the place of the register, or recording apparatus, called the sounder. 1872Pope Telegraph iv. 32 The Sounder consists simply of the electro-magnet, armature and lever fixed upon a base. 1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 246 The Sounder, on account of the extreme simplicity of its mechanism, is less liable to faults than any of the other forms of instruments which are employed.
attrib.1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2247/2 Sounder-magnet, the magnet which operates the sounder in the receiving apparatus.
b. A telegraphist who operates or has experience with this.
1887Daily News 2 May 7/3 Telegraphist (sounder) desires engagement.
3. A device or instrument which gives a signal, etc., by sounding; also, the signal so given.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 832/1 Sounder, an alarm or call, made by closing an electric circuit. 1891Pall Mall G. 1 June 7/1 An electric sounder, too, is so arranged that it commences to ring if everything is correct, directly the gun is loaded and in the firing position.
▪ III. sounder3|ˈsaʊndə(r)|
[f. sound v.2]
1. a. One who sounds the depth of water, etc.
1575Gascoigne Posies Wks. 1907 I. 356 And whyles I hearken what the Saylers saye, The sownder sings, fadame two full no more. a1668Davenant Philosopher's Disquisition v. Wks. (1673) 326 It is a Plummet to so short a Line, As sounds no deeper then the sounders Eies.
b. One who sounds the intentions, opinions, etc., of a person or persons. rare—1.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1371/1 For that him⁓selfe would not be seene to be a sounder of men, least he might..indanger himselfe and the enterprise.
2. An apparatus for sounding the sea.
1811Naval Chron. XXV. 221 This sounder shews..the..depth of water. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 832 Sounder, Sir William Thomson's apparatus for deep-sea sounding while the ship is in motion. 1896Westm. Gaz. 2 Dec. 8/1 Whilst sounding on this ledge the sounder struck ground at 550 fathoms.
3. A surgical sound.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1926/1 Sim's uterine repositor consists of a short metallic sounder, rotatable on a long shaft. |