释义 |
▪ I. soup, n.|suːp| Also 7–8 soupe, soop. [ad. F. soupe (OF. also souppe, sope) sop, broth, = Prov., Sp., Pg. sopa (It. zuppa): see sop n.1 Hence also WFlem. soepe, soupe, Du. soep. The relationship of other Teut. forms is less clear: cf. MHG. (G. and Da.) suppe with OHG. sopha, soffa (MHG. sophe), MLG. sope, soppe (LG. soppe; Sw. and Norw. soppa), MDu. sop, zop (Du. and Fris. sop).] 1. a. A liquid food prepared by boiling, usually consisting of an extract of meat with other ingredients and seasoning. Freq. with defining words, as fish, giblet, gravy, hare, ox-tail, pea, turtle soup; clear, thick soup; etc. α1653Urquhart Rabelais i. li, Then made they ready store of Carbonadoes..and good fat soupes or brewis with sippets. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Soupe, Broth, Porridge. 1716Gay Trivia iii. 204 And in the Soupe the slimy Snail is drown'd. β1687Miége Gt. Fr. Dict. i, Soupe,..pottage, or soop. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 84/2 Soops, a kind of sweet pleasant Broth, made rich with Fruit and Spices. 1691Satyr agst. the French 16 With Dishes which few Mankind knew beside; With Soops and Fricasies, Ragou's, Pottage. 1730Swift Panegyrick on Dean Wks. 1755 IV. i. 142 Instead of wholsome bread and cheese, To dress their soops and fricassees. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 78 To make it an ingredient in their soop. γ1677Miége Fr. Dict. ii, Soup, or French pottage. 1729Swift Direct. Serv. (1745) 20 Let the Cook daub the Back of his new Livery; or when he is going up with a Dish of Soup, let her follow him softly with a Ladle-full. 1758Johnson Idler No. 19 ⁋8 He..has only time to taste the soup. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 220 The patient..indicated a desire for a little soup, of which he got over a few spoonfuls. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 181 The Truffle is much esteemed for the rich and delicate flavour which it imparts to soups and sauces. 1859Habits of Gd. Society xi. 310 A light soup is better than a thick one, which clogs the appetite. fig.1859Lever Dav. Dunn xlvi, Cranberry must have got his soup pretty hot, for he has come abroad. 1876Geo. Eliot Let. 2 May (1956) VI. 244 Are you not sometimes made rather desponding by the reading of newspapers and periodicals?.. All information is given in a soup of comment. 1977Undercurrents June–July 9/1 The twelve page Corruption Supplement is a rich soup of sex, planning scandals, corruption trials, housing fiddles, [etc.]. (b) Phr. (from) soup to nuts (U.S. colloq.), from beginning to end, completely; everything.
1910C. Mathewson Won in Ninth 143 He knew the game from ‘soup to nuts’. 1938H. Asbury Sucker's Progress 16 For many years a common expression was ‘from soda to hock’, meaning the whole thing, from soup to nuts. 1946E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh i. 79, I know all about that game from soup to nuts. 1964F. O'Rourke Mule for Marquesa 42 ‘Everything here we asked for?’ ‘Soup to nuts... Nothing but the best.’ b. Biol. A solution rich in organic compounds which, it is believed, formerly made up the oceans or lakes of the earth and was the environment in which cellular life originated. Freq. as primordial soup.
[1929J. B. S. Haldane in Rationalist Ann. 8 When ultra-violet light acts on a mixture of water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia, a vast variety of organic substances are made... Before the origin of life they must have accumulated till the primitive oceans reached the consistency of hot dilute soup.] 1956Amer. Scientist XLIV. 356 One plausible explanation is that spontaneous resolution of an early biosynthetic intermediate from the primordial nutritional ‘soup’ of the first organisms led to a monoconfigurational world. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth ix. 126/1 This primitive soup provided a nutrient ‘broth’ for the first living organisms which finally arose within it. 1976R. Dawkins Selfish Gene xi. 211 Floating chaotically free in the primeval soup. 1977Vole No. 4. 13/2 We both [sc. humans and plants] have common ancestors..in that pool of organic nutrients known as the primordial soup. 2. colloq. or slang. a. Briefs for prosecutions given to members of the Bar at Quarter Sessions or other courts; the fees attaching to such briefs. Also in pl.
1856Law Times XXVII. 122 But will soup so ladled out, to use the well-known phrase, support a barrister in the criminal courts? 1889B. C. Robinson Bench & Bar 160 The brief consisted merely of the depositions, and the important honorarium attached to it was called ‘soup’. 1891Pall Mall G. 17 Sept. 5/2 A crowd of unemployed barristers.., waiting to secure these [briefs] which are known in Bar slang as ‘soups’. attrib.1894Daily Tel. 23 Nov. 5/4 The great ‘soup’ question is again agitating the minds of barristers at the Old Bailey. b. in the soup, in a difficulty. orig. U.S.
1889Lisbon (Dakota) Star 26 Apr. 4/2 After collecting a good deal of money, the scoundrels suddenly left town, leaving many persons in the soup. 1898Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 420 Of course he knows we're in the soup—beastly ill luck. 1915J. Buchan Thirty-Nine Steps ii. 37, I was in the soup—that was pretty clear. 1917Lloyd George Let. 31 July (1973) 184 Henderson has now put us into the soup & there is no knowing what will happen. 1925[see eyebrow 1 d]. 1939H. G. Wells Holy Terror i. ii. 38 We're in the soup... We've got to do 1914 over again. 1968Listener 23 May 660/3 You find you may want to move a group of pictures..to a different part of the building, and if the rooms over there are designed for quite a different kind of picture, you're rather in the soup. 1977C. McCullough Thorn Birds xvii. 455, I do feel very sorry for her, and it makes me more determined than ever not to land in the same soup she did. c. In miscellaneous uses: (see quots.).
1891Cent. Dict., Soup, a kind of picnic in which a great pot of soup is the principal feature. 1911Webster's Dict., Soup, any material injected into a horse with a view to changing its speed or temperament. d. Fog; thick cloud. Cf. pea-soup a.
1901Scotsman 6 Nov. 10/6 Then the ‘soup’ begins to get thick. Particles of smoke..remain suspended. 1941F. H. Joseph Let. 7 Apr. in Britain at War (1942) 4 It wasn't long..before we were in the soup again. 1966E. West Night is Time for Listening iii. 107 Over the North Sea the soup was dense and threatening; turbulence was marked. 1972J. Gores Dead Skip (1973) xxiii. 161 Ballard watched the taillights recede into the soup. e. Nitro-glycerine or gelignite.
1902N.Y. Tribune 22 Oct. 8/4 Dynamite or nitro-glycerine is called ‘soup’. 1903I. K. Friedman Autobiogr. of Beggar vii. 218 Louis learned how ter make de ‘soup’ from a gang of ‘yeagers’ dat used ter blow de doors off country banks. 1905Strand Mag. XXX. 702/1 That's got enough soup in it to blow the whole court-house into the sky. 1920‘Sapper’ Bull-Dog Drummond x. 265 I've got the soup here—gelignite. 1930D. L. Sayers Strong Poison xiii. 169 Sam put the soup in at the 'inges and it blowed the 'ole front clean off. 1960Observer 24 Jan. 5/1 The American petermen had started it long before the First World War by using soup, nitro-glycerine in liquid form, to pour through a little plasticine channel to blow the fashionable combination lock safes. f. Photogr. and Cinemat. A processing chemical, esp. the developer.
1929N.Y. Times 20 Oct. ix. 8 Soup, the developing bath in which a sound negative is developed. 1934Tit-Bits 31 Mar. 12/3 The chemicals in which the film is developed are known as ‘soup’. 1969Gish & Pinchot Lilian Gish ix. 102 Joe showed me how film was developed in the ‘soup’. 1978L. Deighton SS-GB xxiii. 220 Any special instructions? Over or under development? Fine grain soup? 1979SLR Camera Dec. 60/1 When you've mixed the soup remember to keep it in a well stoppered dark bottle which has been thoroughly cleaned. g. Surfing. (See quot. 1962.)
1962T. Masters Surfing made Easy 65 Soup, the foam or broken portion of a wave. 1966Weekly News (N.Z.) 19 Jan. 6/2 When going through waves, point the board directly into the oncoming ‘soup’. 1968Surfer Mag. Jan. 24/3 By standing feet parallel, you can float over breaking soup. 1977Surfing World (Austral.) XVII. ii. 88 Plow through miles of soup. 3. a. attrib., chiefly with names of utensils, as soup-bowl, soup-dish, soup-kettle, soup-ladle, soup-plate (also fig.), soup-pot, soup-tureen, etc.
1858T. W. Atkinson Oriental & West. Siberia iii. 41 Take my broth with my two friends from the same *soup⁓bowl I could not.
1755Gentl. Mag. XXV. 416 Vessels like *soup-dishes, supported on three feet.
1852Thackeray Esmond ii. xii, The poor devils had even fled without their *soup-kettles.
1716Lond. Gaz. No. 5437/4, 18 Forks, a *Soop-Ladle. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 295 Drawing all his illustrations..from pitchers and soup-ladles.
1726D. Eaton Let. 16 Feb. (1971) 46, I..left directions in writing..what to pack up. I wrote down all manner of herbes, and the *soop plates, &c. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xii. (1842) 276 The litmus solution should be poured into a dish or soup-plate. 1900Daily News 2 June 6/7 Some thirty years ago, when soup-plate bonnets and round-brimmed hats were in vogue. 1924E. M. Forster Passage to India i. iii. 28 A sunk soup plate of a lawn. 1939H. Hodge Cab, Sir? 217 The badge itself..is called a ‘soup-plate’. 1964C. Willock Enormous Zoo v. 80, I shone my torch..and found a couple of large pink soup-plates glaring back at me—a hippo.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. vii. xi, An enormous tricolor; large as a *soup-platter, or sun-flower.
1751H. Glasse Art of Cookery (ed. 4) App. 331 Put them with the Fins and Head in a *Soop-pot. 1866Lady St.-Clair-Erskine Dainty Dishes (ed. 2) 5 Put into a soup-pot twelve lbs...of beef.
1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4163/3, 5 *Soop Spoons.
1834Dickens Sk. Boz (1836) 1st Ser. I. 160 Delighted to screen himself behind a *soup tureen. 1840T. A. Trollope Summer in Brittany I. 298 An immense soup-tureen full of boiled milk. b. In combination with other ns., as soup-and-blanket, soup-and-bully, soup-and-patty; soup-and-fish slang, men's evening dress, a dinner suit.
1829Syd. Smith Let. in Lady Holland Memoir (1855) II. 299 He had not his usual soup-and-pattie look. 1862Dickens Somebody's Luggage 26 She'd have no more chance again the ice, than a chaney cup again a soup-and-bully tin. 1900Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 8/1 Making ground with his electors through the medium of the ‘soup and blanket brigade’. 1918Wodehouse Piccadilly Jim i. 26 He took me to supper at some swell joint where they all had the soup-and-fish on but me. 1945‘A. Gilbert’ Black Stage xi. 149 What do you do about dinner here? Soup-and-fish or just a clean collar? 1970H. McLeave Question of Negligence (1973) xviii. 141 Get him to take off his soup-and-fish and show us his scar. 4. Special combs., as soup bunch U.S. dial. (see quot. 1923); soup-fin (shark), a brown or grey shark with large teeth, Galeorhinus zygopterus, found off the Pacific coast of North America and once hunted for the value of its liver and fins; soup gun U.S. Mil. slang, a mobile army kitchen (? obs.); soup-house, soup-kitchen, an establishment for preparing soup and supplying it to the poor or unemployed, either free or at a very low charge; hence soup-kitchener, one who accepts food from a soup-kitchen; soup line U.S., a queue of people waiting to be fed at a soup-kitchen; soup man Criminals' slang, an expert user of nitro-glycerine, etc.; soup-meat, meat used for making soup; soup-shop, (a) a shop where soup is distributed free; (b) a house where burglars dispose of silver and gold plate; soup-stock, stock used in making soup; soup-strainer (moustache) colloq., a long moustache; soup-ticket, a ticket given to poor people enabling them to receive soup from a soup-kitchen.
1923Dialect Notes V. 244 *Soup bunch, a small bundle of vegetables for soup. 1938Mississippi (Federal Writers' Project) 286 The grocery stores and the fruit and vegetable stands sell ‘soup bunches’ which provide the base for home-cooked vegetable soup.
1905D. S. Jordan Guide to Study of Fishes I. xxx. 541 The *soup-fin shark..is found on the coast of California, where its fins are highly valued by the Chinese. 1941Sun (Baltimore) 25 Nov. 5/3 Tales of big profits in soupfin shark liver fishing sent E. Smith..hustling..to get his share. 1961E. S. Herald Living Fishes of World 27/2 In 1942 and 1943 about five thousand soupfins were caught..west of Los Angeles. 1975Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 22 Aug. 16/5 In San Diego the markets call it shark or ‘soupfin’. 1975Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 30 Nov. 10/2 One shark hunted to near extinction because of its liver..is the soup fin shark.
1918C. J. Swan My Company 72 The cooks took the ‘*soup gun’, as they immediately nicknamed the kitchen, all apart. 1928A. C. Havlin Hist. Company A 37 In spite of being accompanied by our ‘soup gun’, we frequently charged the trenches assisted only by coffee and a strip of bacon between two slices of bread.
1861A. H. Clington Frank O'Donnell 196 These various sums..were spent..in building *Soup-houses, and erecting boilers.
1839C. Sinclair Holiday House xi. 255 We never had a drop of broth from the *soup-kitchen all winter. 1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. II. 259/1 The National Philanthropic Association, with its eleemosynary soup-kitchens, &c.
1907G. B. Shaw Major Barbara ii. 220 You lie, you old *soup-kitchener, you.
1938C. Himes Black on Black (1973) 167 The panic which he had prophesied was on hand and already *soup lines had come into existence. 1980TWA Ambassador Oct. 69/3 We had soup lines and the Depression because men lost confidence in themselves.
1961B. Knox Die for Big Betsy ii. 44 ‘Denby's a ‘*soup’ man,’ he said. ‘Specializes in second-rate safe-blowings.’
1841Thackeray Gt. Hoggarty Diam. ix, Tell her on no account to pay more than..43/4d. for *soup-meat.
1799Manch. Mercury 8 Jan. 4/5 The plan of the *soup shops at Birmingham might be advantageously followed at Manchester. 1817Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXII. 83 Reduced to such a state as to be fed at Soup Shops by Subscription! 1854London Jrnl. XIX. 322 By the term soup-shops, the speaker meant those convenient houses where burglars and thieves dispose of any silver or gold plate which may fall into their hands. In such establishments the melting-pots are always kept ready.
1861Dickens Gt. Expect. xxxiii, The air of this chamber, in its strong combination of stable with *soup-stock.
1932Wodehouse Hot Water viii. 153 He did not propose to have a valet hanging around him festooned with fungus and snorting at him all the time from behind a great beastly *soupstrainer. 1962E. Lucia Klondike Kate iii. 86 A soulfully humming male quartet in soup-strainers and sideburns. 1968Listener 1 Aug. 140/1 At the telegraph office we aroused with great difficulty an elderly man with a large grey soup-strainer moustache.
1839E. Hall Diary 29 Jan. in O. A. Sherrard Two Victorian Girls (1966) i. 11 Our poor house was besieged by a host of people come for *soup tickets. 1841Marryat Poacher xii, They look like soup-tickets. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 300 This soup-ticket to a ladleful of fame. ▪ II. soup obs. or dial. variant of sup n.1 ▪ III. soup, v.|suːp| [f. soup n.] 1. trans. To provide with soup. See also souper n.1 and souping ppl. a.
1857Reade Box Tunnel in Scrap-Bk. (1906) Mar. 133 He handed them out—he souped them—he tough-chickened them. 2. [cf. soup n. 2 b.] To place in difficulties, to bring to grief. Usu. in pa. pple. colloq.
1895W. C. Gore in Inlander Dec. 114 Soup. v., to cause to fail; to bring to grief. 1922Joyce Ulysses 160 Luck I had the presence of mind to dive into Manning's or I was souped. 1964Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 26/4 Admitting that he earned {pstlg}3,000 a year, Lord Taylor said that if he accepted a junior Ministry he would be ‘souped’. 3. [cf. quot. 1911 s.v. soup n. 2 c; perh. infl. by ] Orig. and chiefly with up. To modify (an engine, aircraft, motor vehicle, etc.) to increase its power and efficiency. Also transf. and fig. colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1931[implied at souped-up) ppl. a.] 1933C. K. Stewart Speech Amer. Airman 92 Soup Up, to supercharge. 1939Sun (Baltimore) 3 Aug. 1/6 We have done this without ‘souping up’ our engines, without putting alcohol in our gasoline,..or flying with motors which last only five hours. 1949A. Hynd We are Public Enemies i. 22 Dillinger..bought two new Fords. He souped up the motors... Now he was ready to act as his own getaway driver. Ibid. 29 John Dillinger and five other public enemies arrived in three souped-up Ford cars. 1959Spectator 17 Apr. 557/1 The collection is souped up with frantic editorial comments. 1962John o' London's 8 Feb. 140/2, I don't think Mr. Hauser was at his most perceptive in souping-up what was already very funny. 1965L. H. Whitten Progeny of Adder (1966) 31 The quintet, souped up on sets—tranquilizers and pep pills taken together. 1972F. Warner Lying Figures iii. 35 The coffee soups her up so that she has to take a tranquillizer. 1976K. Benton Single Monstrous Act v. 152 He had lovingly souped up the Escort's engine, and now gave it full throttle. 1979J. Gardner Nostradamus Traitor xxxix. 188 A German car: Opel Kadett, souped, and probably reinforced. Hence ˈsouping ppl. a.; ˈsouped(-up) ppl. a.; ˈsouping(-up) vbl. n.
1891Daily News 20 Jan. 6/4 The hypocritical cry raised by a gang of souping parsons. 1902Edin. Rev. July 135 Luke found himself accused of countenancing the ‘souping’ proselytiser. 1931Automotive Industries 30 May 826/1 Ray Keech's run at Daytona Beach in the White Triplex powered with three ‘souped-up’ Liberty engines. 1941Time 18 Aug. 76/2 Its hero, Slave Trader Matthew Flood, is built like a souped-up Abraham Lincoln. 1949[see soup v. 3]. 1956D. Walker Harry Black xiii. 196 You're like a souped-up version of my mother. 1957New Yorker 2 Nov. 95/2 Their superb High Fidelity components reproduce all the sounds of the original..with no ‘souped-up’ tones, squeaks or other distortions. 1960News Chron. 16 June 4/6 Without any souping at all, the Mini-Minor..produces a very useful performance. Ibid. 4/7 A specially cast manifold for the souped version of the Mini-Austin. 1961Times 7 Nov. 19/1 In Britain a thriving business has grown up in tuning and modifying the engines of existing models to give more performance. So widespread has this practice (referred to by enthusiasts as ‘brewing up’, ‘souping up’, or merely ‘hotting up’) become, particularly with ‘Minis’ that the B.M.C. introduced an ‘officially hotted up’ version last September. 1965Listener 18 Nov. 795/1 As if lacking confidence in his own directorial inventiveness, Visconti takes recourse during one sequence to a modulated version of Fellini's style, and at another juncture provides his audience with souped-up..Antonioni. 1975B. Garfield Death Sentence (1976) ii. 11 A souped-up car with enormous rear tires growled past him. 1980SLR Camera July 7/1 News from the Colonies tells us that Ilford have introduced a ‘souped-up’ 1D-11 for processing black and white film in the USA. ▪ IV. soup obs. variant of sup v., swoop v. |