| 释义 |
sour-dough, n.|ˈsaʊədəʊ|
Forms: (see sour a. and dough n.).
[Corresponds in sense 1 to WFris. sûrdaei, older Flem. suerdeech, -deegh (Du. and Flem. zuurdeeg), MLG. sûrdêch, MHG. sûrteich (G. sauerteig), MSw. surdegher (Sw. surdeg), Da. surdeig.]
1. a. Leaven. Now dial. and rare.
α1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10099 Þe paste..ne ogh Be made of any maner of soure dogh. 1382Wyclif Exod. xxiii. 18 Thow shalt not offer vpon sour dowȝ the blood of thi sacrifice. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxviii. (Bodl. MS.), Sowr dowe rereþ paste and brede þt is medled þerwiþ. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 725 Hoc fermentum, surdowght. c1440Promp. Parv. 466/2 Sowre Dowe, fermentum. a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 288 Som bryngeth her husbandes hood..; And some brought sowre dowe. 1535Coverdale Exod. xiii. 7 Therfore shalt thou eate vnleuended bred seuen dayes, that there be no sowre dowe, ner sowred bred sene in all thy quarters. 1869Lonsdale Gloss. 78/2 Sour dough or doff, leaven. 1876Mid-Yorks. Gloss. 132/1 Sour-dough, the more homely equivalent of leaven.
βc1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 663 Hoc fermentum, surdagh. 1483Cath. Angl. 350/1 Sowre daghe, fermentum, zima. c1520M. Nisbet Matt. xiii. 33 The kingdom of heuenis is like to sourdauche.
b. fig. of qualities, etc.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 2 Crist commandiþ to his disciplis..to vndirstonde & flee þe sowrdow of pharisees. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. xxxi. (Bodl. MS.), Ifedde not with olde souredowe of malice but with pure mete of swetenes. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxiii. 404 Of þe olde wrecchednesse Holdyng doun sourdouh. c1450Myrr. our Ladye 300 Be made free from the olde sowre dowgh, that ys to say, from synne.
c. N. Amer. Fermenting dough, esp. that left over from a previous baking, used as leaven; bread made from this. Also attrib.
1868J. Anderson Sawney's Lett., Gie my respecks to your guid wife; If ever I get hame to Fife, I'll teach her hoo to mak loaf bread, Wi' sour dough. 1922G. C. F. Pringle Tillicums 156 In every old prospector's cabin..you would see a bowl which contained sour dough from the previous making. This was used as yeast to be mixed in with the dough at the next baking. 1931Sun (Baltimore) 5 Mar. 12/3 [Maryland] might be thought wanting in pride in the culinary art for which the State enjoyed well-earned fame when Indiana was eating sour dough and jerked meat. 1959M. Shand Summit & Beyond xi. 197 There was good old sourdough bread, too. 1966Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 3 Apr. (1970) 380 They had sour-dough biscuits too—although they had trouble making them rise in this high altitude. 1971Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 23 Apr. 4/7 In early America, a pot of sourdough starter was part of a bride's dowry. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 26 June 8/3 San Francisco sourdough has a character all its own, because there are microscopic organisms in the air here that do funny things to the starter. Some say it's the same wild yeasts that work on the nearby vineyards. 1979United States 1980/1 (Penguin Travel Guides) 370 Two-pound Porterhouses..served with sourdough bread and pinto beans.
2. Amer. An experienced prospector in Alaska, the Yukon, or the Northwest territories.
In allusion to the use of a piece of sour dough for raising the bread baked during the winter.
1898Klondike Nugget (Dawson, Yukon Terr.) 20 July 1/4 The usual strong expletives had been used expressive of their meeting and Mr. Chee Chaco was not looking for information from his old friend Mr. Sour Dough. 1902Daily Chron. 13 Nov. 5/6 He is what is called a ‘sour dough’ in the parlance of the Yukon, which means that he..has spent a winter in the frozen North. 1904E. Robins Magnetic North viii. 154 You don't get an old Sour-dough like Dillon to travel at forty degrees [below zero].
Hence (from sense 1) † sour-dough v. trans., to leaven. Obs.
1382Wyclif Hosea vii. 4 The citee restide a litil in mengyng to gydre of soure dowe, til it were sourdowid all. ― Amos iv. 5 Sacrifie ȝe herying of sour dowid [L. de fermentato]. c1440Promp. Parv. 466/2 Sowyr dowyn, or menge paste wythe sowyr dowe, fermento. |