| 释义 |
▪ I. covin, n.|ˈkʌvɪn|
Forms: 4–6 cou-, covyne, 4–9 cou-, covine, covin, 4–7 cou-, covyn, (4–5 cou-, koueyne, 5 couuyne; Sc. cowyn(e, covyng), 6 covene, 6–7 coven; also in Sc. 5 conwyn(e, 6 convine, -uene, 6–7 conuyne, conueene.
[a. OF. covin, couvin, cuvin masc., more usually covine, couvine, -yne, covaine, couvaine, sometimes convine, -vigne fem.:—late L. convenium (in Du Cange, of date 1218, ‘in eodem pacto et convenio’), and its pl. convenia, or fem. n. of same form; f. convena one who comes together with others, f. convenīre to come together, convene.]
†1. A number of persons confederate together, a confederacy, company, band. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 303 Þe erle of Ascetelle, Sir Jon þe Comyn, Badenauh sonne, I telle, & þretty of þer Couyn. c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. iv. 21, I se þe felonus couines of wikked men abounden in ioie and in gladnes. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 21 Fro cristen folk to hethenly couyne. 1513Douglas æneis vii. xii. 29 A thousand men he led of his convine From Coreite the citie Agyline.
†2. Private agreement, compact, covenant; often with unfavourable connotation. Obs.
1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xxxvii. 158 They muste kepe wel that theyre couyne and entreprise be not accused nor knowen. 1513Douglas æneis vii. v. 168 For the maist part of our conuene and band To me sal be to tuiche ȝour kingis hand. Ibid. viii. i. 9 All Latium assemblit, sone controvit Ane coniuratioun or haisty convyne. Ibid. xii. iii. 101 This convyne and trety. 1565–73Cooper Thesaurus, Coitio..Covine or confederacie in doing of any thing. [1828Scott F.M. Perth xxvi, Such burghers as have covine and alliance with the Highland clans.]
†b. A ‘combination’ or union (not known to the law). Obs.
[1361Act 34 Edw. III, c. 9 Totes alliances & covignes des Maceons & Carpenters..& sermentz entre eux faites ou affaires, soient desore anientiz & anullez de tout.] 1764Burn Poor Laws 11 All alliances and covins of masons and carpenters..shall be void.
3. A privy agreement between two or more to the prejudice of another; conspiracy, collusion.
1375Barbour Bruce iv. 111, I wat nocht..quham with he maid the cowyne. 1393Gower Conf. III. 139 The treson of Cateline..and the covine Of hem that were of his assent. 1531Dial. Laws Eng. xxvi, By assent and coven of the partyes he shall make defaulte. 1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol., Chancerie §36 If thone make a false plea of covin betweene him and the defendant. 1607J. Cowell Interpr., Covine is a deceitful assent or agreement between two or more to the prejudice of another. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 412 From the collusion and covin between the tenant for years and the remote remainder-man.
4. Fraudulent action of any kind to the injury of another; fraud, deceit, treachery. arch.
1375Barbour Bruce ix. 14 Thai tald the king all the covyng [Edin. MS. conwyne] of Iohn Cwmyne. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 631 By couyne of the quene, they were all iii. in great daunger. 1514Fitzherb. Just. Peas (1538) 100 Yf any person do sell in grosse any wynes by fraude or covin contrary to the prises set. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xviii. 50 Without tromperey or couyn. 1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices (1556) 132 When I demanded of him, what was Covine: he answered, when one thing is pretended, and an other done... And this covine was ponnishable by the lawes. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. 111 By the Couen of the French..and the Popes Conniuency. 1710M. Henry Comm. Prov. iv. 28 This requires us to pay our just debts without fraud, covin, or delay. 1877Fraser's Mag. XVI. 226 Mulcted of my right by thy fraud and covin.
†5. Secret contrivance or device; secret or privy intent. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 952 Sche..knew al is koueyne for ouȝt he kouþe hide. 1393Gower Conf. I. 42 For yet was never such covine That couth ordeine a medecine To thing, which God in lawe of kinde Hath set. c1450Merlin xix. 306 To discure nought of youre coveyne.
†6. Internal condition; manner of being. Obs. [Very common in OF.]
c1350Will Palerne 3147, I knowe al þe couyne of cuntre how ȝe went. 1375Barbour Bruce v. 301 He sperit the cowyn of the land, And quha the castell had in hand. Ibid. xiii. 122 Lordingis, now luk that ȝhe Worthy and of gud covyne be At this assemble, and hardy. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1227 Let me wiþ hem speke a þrowe For to wyte wat þay be & hure couyne y-knowe. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. vii. 18 Serchyng alleway the state and couuyne of his aduersaires.
▪ II. † covin, v. Obs.
[a. OF. covenir (now convenir) to agree, be agreed, etc.]
trans. To agree upon. to be covined: to be agreed.
1393Gower Conf. I. 79 Whan they be covined, They feignen for to make pees. c1470Harding Chron. clxxv. iv, By false confederacie Bytwene hym and therle of Marowe, Couened fully be fore cast traytorie. |