| 释义 |
specialty|ˈspɛʃəltɪ|
Forms: 4–6 specyalte (5 -allte), 5–6 specyaltee, 6 -alt(e)y; 4–5 specialte, 5–6 -tee, 4–7 -tie, 6–7 -tye, 6– specialty (6 -allty); 5 spetialte, 7 specielty.
[ad. OF. (e)specialté, f. (e)special special a.: see -ty, and cf. speciality and especialty.]
I.
†1.
a. Special affection, attachment, or favour.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5281 + 15 For grete luf & specialte he toke with him sir Androche. 1375Barbour Bruce vii. 246 Quhat is he That garris ȝow haue sic specialte Till men that traualis? a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 527/75 Drauȝ vppon þe no specialte Of Mon þat is of gret dignite. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 28 Þerfore bettyr I trow þere specialte to wante þen in þer handys to fall. c1450–60in Babees Book 330 Thorow affeccion to personys or by specialte.
†b. for specialty or in specialty, as a special mark of favour or esteem. Obs.
c1400Mandeville (1839) ii. 13 That was ȝoven to me for gret Specyaltee. c1460Emaré 176 For gret loue he ȝaf hyt me, I brynge hyt þe in specyalte.
†2. Particularity or detail in description or discussion. Chiefly in phr. in specialty. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 513 But, to discende doun in specialte, fful mane articlis of reulis of siche sectes ben openly contrarie to þe apostlis reule. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xx. 130 The othere bokis..schewen the same in specialte. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 9 After that we shall entreate in a more specyalty..y⊇ holy lyfe of religyon. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 47 Before that we beginne to discourse of euery one of these in specialtie. 1577J. Knewstub Confut. (1579) 5 He hath dealt wisely, to leaue the other chapters without anie specialtie.
3. in (also † by, † of, † with) specialty, in a special or particular manner or degree.
1451J. Capgrave Life St. Aug. 32 O þing I pray ȝou of specialte. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 253 Hee sheweth also, by specialtie, wherein it is good to bee exercised. 1659W. Brough Sacr. Princ. 284 The body for which (with specialty) He gave His blood. 1711Fingall MSS. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 122 The episcopal Protestants in specialty triumph the most. 1865H. Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. ii. (1868) 65 Taking them as clients in specialty.
4. a. Special or particular character or quality; a special feature or characteristic.
(a)1575Laneham Let. (1871) 25 Whear the specialty of the sport waz, to see, how sum for hiz slakness had a good bob with the bag. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 78 The specialty of Rule hath beene neglected. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 32 All shall bee then taught by God, which once was the specialty of Prophets. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. iv. iv, A man living in falsehood, and on falsehood; yet not what you can call a false man: there is the specialty! 1861Dickens Gt. Expect. III. 181 The specialty of the occasion caused our talk to be less dry and hard.
(b)1609W. Sclater Threefold Preserv. (1610) E iv b, A specialty in it belongs to them, that labour in the word and doctrine. 1628― Three Serm. (1629) 36 Yet who..is not readie to conceit some singular specialtie in their degree and measure of sinning. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 849 There were specialties, however, in the case. 1846Grote Greece II. ii. v. 453 The Laconian dialect contained more specialties of its own than any other variety of the Dorian. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 265 The house itself had no specialty, either of comfort or inconvenience, to endear it.
(c)1598Marston Sco. Villanie i. iv. 186 If he were once but freed from specialty. 1848Bailey Festus Proem (ed. 3) p. x, Of Him who..one human heart With equal power and specialty inspires.
b. The quality of being limited or determined by special cases or circumstances.
1619W. Sclater Exp. 1 Thess. (1630) 64 Such the Specialtie of Gods fauour in the distribution. 1623Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. xx. 6 Looke how much more specialtie there is in the charge of God, so much more danger is in violation. 1683J. Corbet Free Actions iii. xxxvii. 55 There is always a specialty of Grace towards the Elect. 1859S. Wilberforce Sp. Missions (1874) 186 One..who is beckoning me by the specialty of my position to take up..the work which he so nobly began. 1874Finlayson Divine Gentleness iv. 80 Any special duty..tends, by its very specialty, to brace us for the doing of it.
c. Special knowledge; tendency to specialism.
1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 158 An electoral body which shall be competent to look out for and select true eminence in specialty. 1868Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 141 The favorite charge against the academies is their ‘one-sidedness’ or specialty.
II.
†5.
a. A thing specially belonging or attached to one person; a special possession, distinction, favour, or charge. Obs.
1388Wyclif Ex. xix. 5 If ȝe schulen here my vois,..ȝe schulen be to me in to a specialte [L. peculium] of alle puplis. 1451J. Capgrave Life St. Aug. 46, I wil þat no man ȝyue to me so precious cloþis whech þat I, as of a specialte a-boue oþir, schuld wer. c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. x. (Caxton) 26 Some desire..myracles or vysions or reuelacions or some other specyalte. 1628Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. xix. 1300 Not without some specialty from God doth Elijah follow the campe.
†b. of or with a specialty, especially, particularly. Obs.
1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. xviii. 118 The Wind may Change we know, every Hour, but with a Specialty upon the Hour of the Suns leaving us. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xlvii, Lady Robertland, whilk got six sure outgates of grace..in times past; and of a specialty, Mr. John Scrimgeour, minister of Kinghorn.
6. a. A special or particular matter, point, or thing.
c1400Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton, 1483) iv. xxxv. 83 Iustyces of the countrees somme for pees some for other specialte owen to see the gouernaunce of the Countre. 1450Rolls of Parlt. V. 194 The Joyntour of the office of forein Apposer is comprisid under this generaltee, with the specialtee above rehersed. 1502in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) II. 108 No specialties of our communicacions, but only the generalties. 1550Bale Apol. 32 God commaunded certen specyaltees to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. 1588J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 64 What should I argue the case any farther,..or heape vp more particularities, and specialties, which are so infinitely innumerable? a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. ii. xiii. §3 (1622) 352 By all which specialties, this Conclusion is proued. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 418 The Sect of the Pharisees tendered and recommended..to the people many specialties..to bee observed. 1782Monro Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 42 We go on to consider the specialties in the viscera of each kind. 1820–30Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1838) III. 21 Judgment, solid sense, invention in specialties,..in these we can shew giants. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. viii, Amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality.
b. A special or separate proviso or article in an agreement, etc.
14..Master of Game (MS. Douce 335) 72 b, If thei haue ony specialte of a certeynn nombre of swynn to go in the forest, ye shul do vs to wete whether thei be rynged or no. 1636Earl of Cork Diary in Lismore Papers Ser. i. (1886) IV. 199 There is an Indented receipt..wherin all the particuler specielties ar expressed.
7. Law. A special contract, obligation, or bond, expressed in an instrument under seal.
c1482in Cal. Proc. Chanc. Q. Eliz. (1830) II. Pref. 63 Your besecher can have noo remedy by cours of the comen lawe, for asmoche as he hath noo specialte in writyng. 1483Cely Papers (Camden) 134 To receyve yn thys martt all syche specyalltes of yowrs payabull yn thys martt. 1528in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 3 Certen munimentes, evidencez, and specialties, tochinge and apperteynynge unto our monastery. 1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol., Chancerie §120 He neither tooke any specialtie or securitie of him,..nor provided any witnesses to be present. 1621Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 470 Those persons whoe have neglected to produce theire said evidences, grauntes, and specialties, to bee looked into by the Maior. 1644Howell Twelve Treat. (1661) 238 There's no legall Instrument, no Bond, Bill, or Specialty can be writ but upon his seal'd paper. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 154 Where the debt arises upon a specialty, that is, upon a deed or instrument under seal. 1781M. Madan Thelyphthora III. 309 Marriage-settlements, mortgage⁓deeds, and specialties of various kinds. 1856H. Broom Comm. Common Law ii. i. 274 A specialty..is distinguished from a simple contract in writing by certain solemnities attendant on its execution—viz. by sealing and delivery. 1883H. G. Wood Limitation of Actions 64 All instruments under seal of record, and liabilities imposed by statute, are specialties within the meaning of the Stat. 21 James I.
fig.1606Daniel Queen's Arcadia ii. iii, I..had secur'd her of my constant truth, Vnder so many faithfull specialties. 1640Fuller Abel Rediv., Junius (1867) II. 187 She was bound by the specialty both of nature and grace to provide for her children. 1650― Pisgah iii. xi. 436 But can an acquittance of humane tradition, be valid, against a debt of specialty by God's command?
attrib.1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 176 Legatees are entitled to stand in the place of specialty creditors. 1875K. E. Digby Real Prop. v. (1876) 249 Debts..secured by deed (called specialty debts).
8. a. A special line of work or business; a special manufacture or product (characteristic of a certain firm, place, etc.); an article specially dealt in or stocked. (Cf. speciality 5 c.)
1860Sat. Rev. X. 737/2 Mr. Lovell Reeve..has a specialty—to use a neologism of the day. It is to illustrate books with stereographs. 1873Leland Egypt. Sketch-Bk. 246 His specialty was inlaid-work of mother-of-pearl and ebony in little diamonds, squares, and triangles. 1883Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 89/1 The brass work of Birmingham has long been one of its specialties. 1891Daily News 16 Feb. 2/7 The better classes of fancy tweeds, choice serges, and specialties.
b. A special subject of study or research.
1861tr. Czermak's Uses Laryngoscope ii. 10 Physicians..who do not intend to make a specialty of laryngoscopy. 1861Sat. Rev. 7 Dec. 591 Mr. Aris Willmott's specialty (to use a very current piece of slang) is with the sacred poets. 1873Morley Rousseau I. 150 There is a constant tendency on the part of energetic intellectual workers..to concentrate their energies on a minute specialty. 1883M. Pattison Mem. (1885) 70 He had selected as his specialty currency and finance.
9. N. Amer. = speciality 6, 7.
1888G. O. Seilhamer Hist. Amer. Theatre II. 118 Dr. Bayley, a specialty performer..gave entertainments in this country as early as 1752. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 3 Nov. 12/3 These expensive attractions in conjunction with a big specialty company of no mean pretensions will go to make up an excellent show. 1915in S. Marcus Minding Store (1974) ii. 23 Twenty-five specialty shops in one building. 1919[see folly n.1 5 b]. 1936J. Steinbeck In Dubious Battle i. 3 Department stores and specialty shops. 1961Bowman & Ball Theatre Lang. 338 Specialty number, a song not intended to be fully integrated with the rest of the entertainment—Musical comedy. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B4 Roblin Steel Corp..., maker of specialty steel forgings and castings.., plans to buy privately owned Washburn Co., maker of specialty household products. 1978Language LIV. 189 M & M apparently prefer to leave these rich but page-devouring matters to specialty works. |