| 释义 |
Speenhamland Now Hist.|ˈspiːnəmlænd|
The name of a village near Newbury, Berks., used attrib., esp. as Speenhamland system, and (rarely) absol. of a system of poor relief adopted by the magistrates there in 1795, and subsequently established throughout most of rural England.
[1797F. M. Eden State of Poor I. ii. 577 This shews..what should be the weekly Income of the industrious poor, as settled by the Magistrates for the County of Berks, at a meeting held at Speenhamland, May the 6th, 1795.] 1835R. Hall Let. 10 July in 1st Ann. Rep. Poor Law Commissioners 208 It is singular that the provisions of the Speenhamland Act of Parliament, as the Berkshire table is called,..contemplate only the case of the industrious poor. 1854G. Nicholls Hist. Eng. Poor Law II. xii. 139 The famous Berkshire bread-scale, locally known as the ‘Speenhamland Act of Parliament’. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 665/2 The well-known Speenhamland scale (1795), by which a larger or lesser allowance was given to a family according to its size and the prevailing price of corn. 1925C. M. Waters Econ. Hist. England 1066–1874 vi. i. 332 The enclosures and Speenhamland had quadrupled the poor-rate. 1934B. Russell Freedom & Organization 1814–1914 vi. 78 An important step in the development of the Poor Law was taken by the inauguration of what is called the ‘Speenhamland’ system in 1795. 1959Chambers's Encycl. VII. 550 The ‘Speenhamland’ system of poor relief..remained in force until the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. 1973Listener 19 Apr. 500/3 Bill Jordan, a sociologist,..sees the social security system..as a modern Speenhamland system, deepening the division between the rich middle classes and the ‘pauperised’ poor. |