| 释义 |
▪ I. crampon, n.|ˈkræmpən|
Also crampoon |kræmˈpuːn|.
[a. F. crampon, late L. type crampōn-em, deriv. of radical form *cramp, f. LG.: cf. cramp n.1, n.2.]
1. A bar of iron or other metal bent in the form of a hook, to serve as a grapple or clutch; a grappling-iron; also = cramp n.2 2.
1490Caxton Eneydos x. 39 There myghte ye see sayles rente, Cordes and ropes broken, And crampons of yron wrythen a sondre and plucked oute. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 143 The brase..was so sore bounde with crampons of stele to ye benche, that he coude not remeue it. 1660Howell Parly of Beasts 7 (D.) Man with his crampons and harping-irons can draw ashore the great Leviathan. 1696Phillips, Crampons, pieces of Iron, hooked at the ends, which are fastned to great Pieces of Timber, Stones or other things, to pull 'em up or draw 'em along. [1706 ― (ed. Kersey) Crampoons]. 1876Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Crampoons, hooked pieces of iron, something like double calipers, for raising timber or stones.
†2. ‘The border of metal which keeps a stone in a ring’ (Halliwell). Obs.
3. A small plate of iron set with spikes or points which is fastened to the foot to secure a firmer hold in walking over ice or slippery ground, or in climbing a steep. Cf. crampet 3.
1789Coxe Trav. Switz. xxx. I. 421 To secure us as much as possible from slipping, the guides fastened to our shoes crampons, or small bars of iron, provided with four small spikes of the same metal. 1823F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 12 As we had now to enter on the glaciers, I wore my spiked shoes, and the guides tied on their crampons. 1823Crabb Tech. Dict., Crampoons, iron instruments fastened to the shoes of a storming party, to assist them in climbing a rampart. 1856Patent Jrnl. 5 Sept., A crampon to prevent horses slipping in frosty weather. 1866Cornh. Mag. Oct. 481 Our crampons..were very useful on ice or hardened snow.
4. Bot. ‘A name given to adventitious roots which serve as fulcra or supports, as in the Ivy.’ [So in F.: see Littré.]
1870Balfour Class-bk. Bot. Gloss.
▪ II. † ˈcrampon, v. Obs.
[a. F. cramponner.]
To fix or fasten with crampons or cramp-irons.
c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 44 Toures, cramponed and knyt tigyder wyth gret chaynes of yren. 1623Favine Theat. Hon. iii. 339 On his Head, and toppe of his Wings, are fixed and cramponned strong Pikes of Iron. |