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▪ I. crane, n.1|kreɪn|
Forms: 1–3 cran, 3 cron, krane, 3– crane. (Also 4 crone, Sc. cren, 5 craane, 6 crayne, craune, 5– Sc. cran, 6–7 craine, 7–8 crain.)
[OE. cran corresponds to MG. kran, MLG. krân, krôn. Cf. MDu. crāne, Du. kraan:—OLG. krano, kranu, OHG. with guttural suffix, chranuh, chranih, MHG. kranech, kranich, G. kranich. The corresp. Norse forms have initial tr- for kr-, ON. trani, Sw. trana, Da. trane.]
1. a. A large grallatorial bird of the family Gruidæ, characterized by very long legs, neck, and bill. The name belongs originally to the common European crane, Grus cinerea, of an ashy-gray colour, formerly abundant in marshy places in Great Britain, and prized as food, but now extinct; about 15 closely-allied species are found in other lands.
Among these are the common American or Sand-hill Crane (G. canadensis), and Whooping Crane (G. americana). The Crown Crane or Demoiselle, Numidian, and Stanley Crane of Africa belong to allied genera. The Adjutant or Gigantic Crane is a species of Stork.
c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 132/21 Grus, cran. c1205Lay. 20163 Swa doð þe wilde cron [c 1275 crane]. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 472/342 Crannes and swannes. c1300Havelok 1726 The beste mete That king or cayser wolde ete; Kranes, lampreys, and gode sturgun. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxii. 103 Þe Pigmens, whilk er men of litill stature..feight with Craanes comounly. 1491in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. I. 182 Item, til a man, for a cran..vs. 1555Eden Decades 16 They sawe flockes of great cranes twyse as bygge as owres. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 21 Like a Crane his necke was long and fyne. a1605Polwart Flyting w. Montgomerie 713 Like an cran, in mounting soone orethrowen, That must take aye nine steps before shee flye. 1766Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 513 The Crane, that has totally forsaken this country, bred familiarly in our marshes. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. (1858) 82 Large red-legged cranes, three feet high, with black and white wings.
b. Applied locally to other large grallatorial birds, as herons and storks; also to the Shag or Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax graculus).
1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 332 The Shag, called in the North of England, the Crane. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Crane..a name improperly given in many parts of England to the shagg or small cormorant. a1767M. Bruce Lochleven, The slow-wing'd crane moved heavily o'er the lea. 1873Q. Rev. CXXXV. 159 Cranmere..a haunt of herons (still called ‘cranes’ in Devonshire). 1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 145 Heron..Crane (Somerset; North-Hants; Westmoreland; Lancashire; Ireland; Scotland).
c. Astron. The southern constellation Grus.
1868Lockyer Heavens (ed. 3) 335 The Phœnix, below which..are found Toucan, the Crane [etc.].
2. A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights; in its usual form it consists of a vertical post capable of rotation on its axis, a projecting arm or ‘jib’ over which passes the chain or rope from which the weight is suspended, and a barrel round which the chain or rope is wound. [So F. grue, G. kran, krahn, kranich.]
1375Barbour Bruce xvii. 608 Ane cren [v.r. crane] thai haf gert dress vp hey Rynand on quhelis. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 127 That they shuld doo make..a crane sufficient and able to take vp from the water of Thamis the weight of a tonne. 1545Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 12 §9 Houses, with Key or Wharf, having any Crane or Gibet belonging to the same. 1656Cowley Davideis ii. 526 Some from the quarries hew out massy stone, Some draw it up with cranes. 1788Trans. Soc. Enc. Arts VI. 325 A Model of a Crane for Wharfs. 1868Morn. Star 24 Feb., A terrific..gale made a great breach between the lighthouse and the breakwater, demolishing the machinery and cranes.
3. A name given to various other mechanical contrivances:
a. A machine for weighing goods, constructed on the principle of the crane described under 2.
b. An upright revolving axle with a horizontal arm fixed by a fireplace, for suspending a pot or kettle over the fire.
c. Naut. (pl.) Projecting pieces of iron or timber on board a ship, to support a boat or spar.
d. Turning. A spindle with a bent arm, serving as a lever (quot. 1725).
e. Carriage-building. (See quot. 1794; and cf. crane-neck in 7.)
1725W. Halfpenny Sound Building 56 The Eyes in which the Spindle of the Crane turns. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) E iij b, A double rope-netting, supported by double cranes of iron. 1794Felton Carriages Gloss., Cranes, strong iron bars which form the sides of the upper carriage, and unite the back and fore timbers, shaped like a crane's neck for the purpose of the fore wheels to pass under. 1864Webster, Crane..(b.) A similar arm turning on a vertical axis or support, in a fireplace for supporting kettles, etc. over a fire. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Crane..Also pieces of iron or timber at a vessel's sides, used to stow boats or spars upon. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Crane..A forked post to support a boom or spare spar on deck. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., Crane, the iron arm over a fire from which the ‘crook’ hangs.
f. A moving platform on which a camera is mounted for the taking of angled ‘shots’. So crane-arm, crane-hook, crane-shot, etc.
1937Cine-Technician III. 100/1 One crane of Soviet make..with..8-metre raise, mounted on a pneumatic dolly. Ibid. 103/1 All the apparatus,..is well designed and made, the camera crane and model table at Mosfilm being notable examples. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 207/1 Crane shot, in motion-picture production, a shot taken with the camera mounted on a crane-like structure, to get vertical panning or a combination of vertical and horizontal panning. 1953K. Reisz Film Editing ii. 173 Ladle on crane-hook standing under spout of cupola. 1961G. Millerson Telev. Production iii. 24 Assisting the cameraman is an operator who pushes and guides (tracks) the mounting. Where the crane-arm is to be raised/lowered or slewed, he may also carry out these adjustments.
4. A bent tube, used to draw liquor out of a vessel; a siphon. [So G. kran.]
1634J. Bate Myst. Nature & Art, Take a Crane (that is a crooked hollow Cane) one end whereof let be somewhat longer than the other. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 321/1 Brewers by a Leaden Crane draw their Wort from one Cooler to another. 1771tr. Van Swieten's Comm. Boerhaave's Aph. §303 III. 35 An instrument inflected like a siphon or crain. 1846Joyce Sci. Dial., Hydrost. xvii. 182 That is called a distiller's crane or syphon.
5. An overhanging tube for supplying water to the tender of a locomotive; a water-crane.
6. attrib. or as adj.
†a. Crane-coloured, ashen gray (quot. 1517).
b. Crane-like; long and lanky.
c. Of or pertaining to a crane or the cranes.
1517in Kerry St. Lawr. Reading (1883) 105, ijo Copes of satten russet and crane. 1697Lond. Gaz. No. 3328/4 A black Gelding..a long Crane Neck. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 11 The feet are not furnished with sharp claws, as in others of the crane kind. 1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 250 Their crane stems are often burnt for charcoal. 1872Tennyson Last Tourn. 723 Mocking at the much ungainliness..and long crane legs of Mark.
7. Comb.
a. in sense 1, as crane-flock; crane-battle, a battle with cranes (attributed to the fabled Pygmies); crane-colour, the colour of the common crane, ashy gray; also attrib.; crane-coloured a., of this colour; † crane-feather, attrib. of the colour of crane's feathers; crane-neck, an iron bar bent like a crane's neck uniting the back and front timbers in a carriage (= crane 3 e); also attrib.; crane-necked adj., (a) of a carriage, having a crane-neck; (b) having a long neck like a crane's; crane-vulture, a name for the Secretary-bird.
1610J. Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 582 Their..*Crane-battells are fables.
1517Will of R. Aleyne (Somerset Ho.), *Crane colour. 1524Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 176 A gowne of crayne colour furrid with white budge. 1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 964 The fourth hath broad horns of crane colour.
1549in Surrey Church Goods (1869) 100 One cope of *cranecoloryd sylke. 1593Lanc. Wills II. 79 Tow Kirtles one of craine colored satten.
1557Will of J. Rowe (Somerset Ho.), My *cranefether doblete.
a1892Whittier To A.K. 54 As in air The *crane-flock leaves no trace of passage.
1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2136/4 A *Crane-neck Coach lined with figured Velvet. 1709Steele Tatler No. 23 ⁋2 A Lady's Chariot..had a Crane-Neck, and hung with twice the Air that hers did.
1698M. Lister Journ. Paris (1699) 12 They [coaches] are all *Crane-Neckt, and the Wheels before very low. 1822Monthly Mag. Oct., The coach body was suspended by thick straps, from four of what are now..called crane-necked springs. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. iii, One of those purse-mouthed, crane-necked, clean-brushed..individuals. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg., Spectre of Tapp., The man was fitting straps on a light pair of crane-necked spurs.
1885Harper's Mag. Feb. 424/1 The secretary-bird (Serpentarius Secretarius), or *crane-vulture.
b. In sense 2 or 3, as crane-driver; crane-barge, a barge carrying a crane; crane-chair, ? a chair lowered and raised by a crane; crane-house, a shed or building in which a crane stands; crane-keeper, craneman, a man in charge of a crane; crane-post, the vertical post or axis of a crane; crane-shaft, (a) = crane-post; (b) see quot. and 3 e; crane-wheel, a tread-wheel by which a crane was formerly worked.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Crane-barge, a low flat-floored lump, fitted for the purpose of carrying a crane, in aid of marine works.
1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. I. 21 Baths are..supplied with..Sea-water, And for the..Convenience of such as..have not strength to plunge themselves, there is a *Crane Chair of particular Contrivance.
1897Daily News 26 Feb. 3/5 The well-known engineers..were summoned..by..a *crane driver in their employ. 1957Manvell & Huntley Film Music iii. 71 The scene of a crane-driver singing on the dockside at five o'clock in the morning when the film opens was shot on location.
1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4105/4 The Stone-Wharf, with a Crane and *Crane-House.
1558Act 1 Eliz. c. ii. §7 Any Wharfenger, *Cranekeeper..Weigher or other Officer.
1300in Riley Mem. London p. xxi, Richard the Fruter, *creneman. 1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 18 Craneman, a lad..whose business is to hoist the corves of coals on to the rolleys with the crane. 1891Daily News 6 Feb. 4/8 The tippers and crane men at the Bute Docks.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 644 In Morrison's steam crane, the *crane-post forms the steam-cylinder.
1794W. Felton Carriages Gloss., *Crane shaft, wood instead of iron for [carriage cranes].
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vi. iii. 105 A Man turning a *Crane-Wheel or Grindstone. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. III. xxxi. 251 In a crane-wheel the power is..applied..by a man walking within the wheel.
▪ II. † crane, n.2 Obs. or arch.|kreɪn|
[a. F. crâne, ad. med.L. crānium skull.]
The skull; = cranium.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., The braynepanne skulle or crane. 1597Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 312 Fracture of the crane. 1620Venner Via Recta iii. 63 The Crane is of an hard and fibrous substance. 1824Medwin Convers. w. Byron (1832) I. 83 A skull that had probably belonged to some jolly friar..The crane was filled with claret, and..passed about.
fig.1840Browning Sordello i. 277 Till Autumn spoiled their [poppies'] fleering quite with rain, And, turbanless, a coarse, brown, rattling crane Lay bare.
▪ III. crane, v.|kreɪn|
[f. crane n.1]
1. a. trans. To hoist or lower with a crane, or with similar apparatus.
1570Dee Math. Pref. 35 By two Wheles more..there may be Craned vp 200,000 pound waight. a1652Brome Queene's Exch. v. Wks. 1873 III. 536 When I shake the rope, then crane me up again. 1749Wealth Gt. Britain 53 It is craned into cellars. 1816Scott Antiq. viii, Being safely craned up to the top of the crag.
b. fig.
1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xix. 35 They are bad works, that need rewards to crane them up withal. 1632Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iii. i, An upstart, craned up to the height he has. 1676Kidder Charity Dir. 21 Let us not need Craning and Skrewing up to so Blessed a work. 1890W. M. Fullerton in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 251 By money man is enabled..to crane himself above the dead level of uniformity.
2. To stretch (the neck) like a crane. (Also, rarely, to crane one's head.)
1799Southey Lett. (1856) I. 64 A grotesque being, a little man who can..crane up his neck to the top-tower window. 1849Curzon Visits Monast. 319 We all craned our necks over the edge to see what had become of our companion. 1886Mallock Old Order Changes III. 34 Craning his head forward he looked in the direction indicated.
3. a. intr. To stretch out one's neck; to lean or bend forward with the neck stretched out.
1849Thackeray Pendennis xxviii. (1884) 270 Pen craned over the coach to have a long look at the great Hurtle. 1887Hall Caine Deemster xii. 80 Those who sat above craned forward.
b. Of a camera mounted upon a crane: to alter range or direction.
1957Manvell & Huntley Film Music ii. 34 The camera cranes across the hall as she waltzes up to the steps. 1960N. Kneale Mrs. Wickens in Fall 151 The Camera cranes downwards from the tapestry..down to the helmet of a suit of armour. 1962Movie Sept. 4/2 The camera cranes up and moves in.
4. Hunting. To pull up at a hedge or other obstacle and look over before leaping; hence fig. to ‘look before one leaps’, hesitate at or shrink back from a danger, difficulty, etc. (colloq.)
1823Byron Juan xiv. xxxiii, He clear'd hedge, ditch, and double post, and rail, And never craned. 1844J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & W. liii, A very fat pony, who would have craned if he had attempted to leap over a straw. 1849E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa II. 240 The bold fox-hunter, who..ne'er ‘craned’ at..stone-wall, or double-ditch.
fig.1862Bradford Advertiser 27 Dec. 6/3 The American Executive appears to be feeling its way. In England it looks like craning. 1892Sat. Rev. 4 June 647/1 Was he expected to ‘crane’ at the taxation of ground values? |