| 释义 |
cranial, a.|ˈkreɪnɪəl|
[f. med. or mod.L. crāni-um (a. Gr. κρᾱνίον) skull + -al1.]
Pertaining to the cranium or skull; strictly, pertaining to the cranium proper or brain-case, as in cranial bones. cranial index [index n. 9 b], the ratio of the width of the skull to its length (now usu. expressed as a percentage). cranial nerves: the great nerve-trunks arising from the brain and passing through openings in the cranium; = cerebral nerves.
1800Med. Jrnl. III. 138 Imperfection of the cranial bones was similar to the case before related. 1840G. Ellis Anat. 21 The second or optic nerve, the largest of the cranial nerves, except the fifth. 1864Reader 5 Mar., The cranial capacity of the largest chimpanzee measured is 27½ cubic inches, that of the smallest man being 55. 1868Anthropol. Rev. VI. 391 A Dalecarlian has ·75, and an ‘old Norseman’ from Lough Larne C. Antrim ·73 as the cranial index. 1901N. C. Macnamara Hunterian Oration R. Coll. Surg. 15 When the cranial index rises above 80, the head is called brachycephalic, a broad head; when it falls below 75 the term..long head is applied to it. Ibid. 15 Assuming the length of the cranium to be 100, the width is expressed as a fraction of it, and is known in the living subject as being the cephalic, and in the bare skull as the cranial index. 1927Peake & Fleure Priests & Kings vi. 122 One skull..is somewhat broad-headed, having a cranial index of 80·9. 1969A. H. Schultz Life of Primates xiii. 211 The breadth of the brain, expressed as a percentage of its length, which is the widely discussed ‘cranial index’ of anthropologists, varies individually in a large series of fully grown orang-utans.
Hence ˈcranially adv., in regard to the cranium.
1866Laing & Huxley Preh. Rem. Caithn. 132 Two sections of mankind may be very similar cranially, and yet very different in other respects. |