| 释义 |
spilite Min.|ˈspaɪlaɪt, ˈspɪlaɪt|
[orig. formed as F. spillite (Al. Brongniart: see A. H. de Bonnard in Nouveau Dict. d'Hist. nat. appliquée aux Arts (rev. ed.) (1819) XXIX. 371), f. Gr. σπίλος spot, stain.]
An altered basalt, commonly amygdaloidal in structure, which is characterized by the albitization of its constituent feldspars and the presence of numerous secondary minerals, and is exemplified by many pillow-lavas.
Brongniart did not use spilite in its usual modern sense, applying it to amygdaloidal diabase, and much variation in usage has occurred subsequently. There is a comprehensive review by T. G. Vallance in Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales (1960) LXXXV. 8–52.
1834Jrnl. Geol. Soc. Dublin I. 119 In adopting the term spilites in preference to that of amygdaloid,..I have been induced to do so because the English names were..irrelevant to the variable nature of the mineral substances. 1879Rutley Stud. Rocks xiii. 247 To some of these rocks occurring..in France, the name spilite has been applied. 1893Geol. Mag. Decade III. X. 59 Prof. de Lapparent..refers to these ‘spilites’ as amydaloidal melaphyres. 1895L. Fletcher Introd. Study Rocks (1898) Index 118/1. 1911 Geol. Mag. Decade V. VIII. 203 In addition to the pillow-structure there are certain characteristics that mark the spilites of Great Britain. The first of these is that they are as a rule very completely decomposed, and the second that their felspars are always rich in soda. 1937A. Johannsen Descriptive Petrogr. Igneous Rocks III. 300 The British Geological Survey uses spilite ‘to designate the Carboniferous, Devonian, and Ordovician pillow-lavas of Devon and Cornwall{ddd}’ This variation from the original usage apparently still persists, for Holmes in 1920, defined them as basaltic rocks whose feldspars have been albitized. The term should be dropped. 1960Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales LXXXV. 10 English-speaking geologists made little or no use of the term during the 19th century. Rocks which would have been called spilites by the French were usually known as greenstones. Ibid. 12 There appear to be four main criteria used in the recognition of spilites, namely, fabric, mineralogy, chemical composition and geological occurrence. Much of the confusion associated with the name spilite derives from the fact that various workers have emphasized different features. 1974F. Fiala in G. C. Amstutz Spilites & Spilitic Rocks 18 Spilites are abundant in pillow lavas. Nevertheless, both terms are not synonymous, as has been assumed by many workers. 1981F. J. Turner Metamorphic Petrol. (ed. 2) 223 (heading) Spilites as metamorphic rocks.
Hence spilitiˈzation, alteration into spilite; ˈspilitized a.
1946Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCXLIV. 313 During spilitization the ferro-magnesian minerals were broken down, and..the manganese, with other constituents, migrated to the tops of the flows. 1960Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXVI. 388 Dewey and Flett..came to the right conclusion in attributing a large proportion of spilitization of pillow-lavas to reactions quickly achieved under submarine volcanic conditions. 1962E. A. Vincent tr. Rittmann's Volcanoes & their Activity viii. 225 In thick submarine basalt flows..it is often to be observed that only their upper layers consist of spilitized pillow lavas. 1974F. Fiala in G. C. Amstutz Spilites & Spilitic Rocks 19 The association of spilitized diabases and spilites with keratophyres is..marked in the initial Devonian volcanism of northern Moravia. 1978Nature 8 June 459/1 Due to the vitric nature and widespread secondary alteration (incipient spilitisation and weathering) the exact petrologic character and petrogenetic affinity of these rocks have not been clearly defined. |