| 释义 |
cross-over|ˈkrɒsˌəʊvə(r), ˈkrɔːs-|
[from verbal phrase to cross over.]
1. a. Textile Fabrics. A fabric having the design running across from selvedge to selvedge, instead of along the length.
1795Hull Advertiser 23 May 1/2, 1273 yards of..cotton cross-over. 1860All Year Round No. 53. 63 The barragons..quiltings, and cross-overs..for which Bolton was famous.
b. Calico-printing. A bar or stripe of colour printed across another colour.
1875Ure Dict. Arts IV. 326 Printed as a crossover, it darkens the indigo where it falls.
2. A woman's wrap (usually knitted, or of crochet-work) worn round the shoulders and crossed upon the breast.
1868(The name was then in current use.) 1884Mrs. Coote Sure Harvest vi. 69 Mrs. Timmins will never lose her rheumatism till she has a warm cross-over to wear over that thin old dress. 1886Besant Childr. Gibeon i. ii, She would wear a grey ulster or a red crossover.
3. A connexion between the up and down lines of a railway by which trains are shunted from one to the other. Also of a tramway.
1884Harper's Mag. July 272/2 The incoming trains approach the city on the western track until they reach the ‘cross-over’, which throws them to the eastern track. 1895Daily News 15 Oct. 3/2 At the starting point are four crossovers to suit any arrangement of traffic. 1901Westm. Gaz. 29 Nov. 10/2 The castings necessary for the crossovers on electric tramways. 1928Daily Express 22 Nov. 11/1 The cross-overs available were at Beckenham Junction and Penge. 1967C. J. Freezer Model Railway Terminol. 5/1 A train proceeding in its correct direction along the main line can run directly over the facing crossover, or must reverse to cross over a trailing crossover.
4. Biol. (a) An instance of the process of crossing-over (see crossing vbl. n. 11); (b) an individual having characters inherited by crossing-over. Also attrib.
1912T. H. Morgan & E. Cattell in Jrnl. Exper. Zoöl. XIII. 91 The sum of the ‘straight’ males is 580, while that of the cross-overs is 292. 1916Jrnl. Genetics V. 285 The cross-overs appear to occur in numbers exactly proportional to the distance apart of the factors concerned. 1916Genetics I. 134 Of these thirteen cases which involved crossing over, twelve were crossovers in only one chromosome and were non-crossovers in the other. Ibid. 135 A crossover chromosome. 1919R. C. Punnett Mendelism (ed. 5) xii. 144 It is upon the proportion of ‘crossover’ gametes as compared with ‘non-crossover’ gametes that the distances between the factors along the chromosomes have been determined. 1920L. Doncaster Introd. Cytology 224 The American investigators call these exceptional combinations cross⁓overs, since in the combinations of Ab and aB, A and a are regarded as having crossed over from their normal combinations and to have exchanged places. 1964D. Michie in G. H. Haggis Introd. Molecular Biol. vii. 203 Ultra-fine genetic analyses using fast-breeding micro-organisms are capable of charting the distribution of cross-over events over exceedingly short chromosomal intervals.
5. a. attrib. or as adj. That crosses over; characterized by crossing over or having a part that crosses over another.
1893‘M. Gray’ Last Sentence iii. ii, White pinafore, cross⁓over shawl, and velvet hat. 1905Westm. Gaz. 8 July 13/2 The cross-over bodice. 1906Ibid. 15 Feb. 4/1 A cross-over ring set with a large brilliant and a cabochon emerald. 1939F. Thompson Lark Rise i. 8 They stood at corners in their big white aprons and crossover shawls. 1968Economist 11 May 18/3 Both Governor Branigin and Senator McCarthy were (on different pretexts) soliciting Republican ‘crossover’ votes.
b. cross-over block, road (see quots.).
1893Sloane Electr. Dict. 158 Cross-over block, a piece of porcelain or other material shaped to receive two wires which are to cross each other.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., Cross-over road, a short diagonal line of rails on permanent way, provided with a pair of points or switches at each end, and connecting two parallel lines of rails together. 1893Athenæum 8 July 68/1 ‘Crossings’ imply something more than merely the gaps left in the rails for a cross-over road. 1896Daily News 18 Dec. 8/2 He let the goods train on to the up main line, but did not pull over the cross-over road points for the goods train to go across to the down line.
▸ a. gen. The fact or process of crossing from one state or position to another; exchange; overlap. Also: an instance of this.
1892Jrnl. Quekett Microsc. Club July 51 The first arrangement..when applied to the compound microscope gave pseudostereoscopic pictures... There was transposition without a cross-over; it was, therefore, a pseudostereoscope. 1929C. L. Morgan Mind at Crossways vi. 123 Body and mind are concomitant; but there is no cross-over between concomitants. 1957Great Bend (Kansas) Sunday Tribune 16 June 1/3 (heading) Jet ‘crossover’ is slated this week... Jet aircraft from the Giant US carrier Saratoga and the British Ark Royal will take off and land on each other's flight decks. 1965J. McPhee Sense of where you Are (1978) ii. 50 A simple crossover..can force the defensive man to overcommit himself. 1976Forbes 1 Nov. 64/3 Avco Embassy is a cash-flow producer..but the crossover to profitability is a long way out. 1989Campaign 26 May 22/4 Some of the techniques for funding radio are the same as they are for television—there is some crossover.
b. orig. U.S. The process or phenomenon by which music belonging to one genre or niche market becomes popular with a different (esp. a wider) audience; a piece of music which undergoes this process. Freq. attrib.
1973Let it Rock Apr. 4/1 It is totally American in conception—what the trade press would call a ‘soul chart cert with probable pop crossover’. 1974Phonograph Rec. Aug. 49/1 His marvelously fluid vocal stylings give his records the most widespread crossover potential of any reggae product. 1975Tuscaloosa News (Alabama) 11 June 8 The latest trend is crossovers—songs that make the country charts while also getting on the pop or the middle-of-the-road listings. 1986Q Oct. 85/4 True to the cliche this album is packed with wide-screen crossover hits like Huey Lewis' Power of Love, [etc.]. 1989Times 19 May 20/5 ‘Crossover’ (opera singers trying to croon Radio 2 material) has made other classical artists into big sellers. 1998Toronto Star (Nexis) 30 May j5 He was the crossover artist who brought the blues and rock of the black juke joints into the homes of white America.
▸ cross-over vote n. U.S. Polit. a vote cast contrary to the voter's usual allegiance; such votes considered collectively.
1948Sunday Jrnl. & Star (Lincoln, Nebraska) 4 Apr. 1/5 Stassen told a reporter that he hopes to get a major share of the *cross-over votes. 1968Washington Post 11 Apr. a2/1 McCarthy stressed that the Democratic nominee must appeal to ‘progressive’ Republicans and independents... He cited the crossover vote in Wisconsin as proof of his own appeal in that regard. 1996S. M. Johnson Leading to Change vi. 160 A school board member emphasized that although some members would occasionally cast crossover votes, ‘there are still clearly two sides of the aisle’.
cross-over voter n.
1950Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 6 Sept. 7/1 Past records indicate that most ‘*cross-over’ voters are conscientious. They normally vote for whom they consider the best candidate, rather than the weakest. 2003Dissent Winter 30/2 Clinton's ‘new Democratic’ appeal to critical swing suburban and blue-collar, crossover voters.
cross-over voting n.
1948Los Angeles Times 26 May ii. 4/7 It would be interesting to know how much of the Stassen strength in the earlier primaries was the result of *crossover voting. 2000R. V. Friedenberg & J. S. Trent Polit. Campaign Communic. ii. 32 Michigan Democrats switched to a caucus system after they were unsuccessful in their efforts to get the legislature to change the state's law to prevent or inhibit crossover voting.
▸ U.S. Polit. A cross-over vote or voter; cf. cross-over vote n. at Additions.
1952Washington Post 3 Apr. 5/1 A number of Wisconsin newspapers as well as some CIO unions urged such crossovers. 1964Appleton (Wisconsin) Post Crescent 8 Apr. c3/5 Byrnes..acknowledged that there were ‘a large number of Republican crossovers’ in the primary, even though he had urged members of his party not to vote in the Democratic primary. 1976Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 70 536 The cross-overs cast ballots in a way significantly different from the Democrats. 2000G. Boyle Cover Story 351 The guy was a Democrat, but he still needed to pull those Republican votes in to put him over the top. He needed crossovers. |