| 释义 |
spline, n.|splaɪn|
[Orig. E. Anglian dial.: perh. for splind (cf. older Da. splind, NFris. splinj) and related to splinder n.]
1. a. A long, narrow, and relatively thin piece or strip of wood, metal, etc.; a slat.
1756S. White Collat. Bee-Boxes (1759) 26, c. c. are two Splines of Deal to keep the Boards even and strengthen them. 1806W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 772 The heavel, which is a row of loops fastened to a spline. 1866Spectator 13 Jan. 30/1 She slept on the splines of the bed, having no bedding. 1886Shoolbred's Catal. Furniture, etc. 177 The ends [of a garden chair] are wrought iron, the splines wood. 1905Rider Haggard Gardener's Year 218 He sent me a score [of orchids], tied on to a spline with string.
fig.1805W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. (1843) II. 106 My chief complacency in the poem results from the art..with which the new splines are fitted in.
attrib.1883Daily News 5 July 3/1 Spars were fixed across, and the spline frames of the seats laid down length⁓ways as flooring.
b. spec. (See quot. 1891.)
1891Cent. Dict., Spline, a flexible strip of wood or hard rubber used by draftsmen in laying out broad sweeping curves, especially in railroad work. 1904Drapers' Co. Res. Memoirs XIII. 12 The curves..were plotted with our coordinatograph for a series of values of k or r on a large scale, drawn in with a spline and integrated with a Coradi compensating planimeter. 1953A. H. Robinson Elements Cartogr. v. 83/1 For larger curves, the defining points of which are far apart, a flexible curve or a spline with weights is more satisfactory.
c. dial. (See quot.)
1892P. H. Emerson Son of Fens 204 A spline is a ten and a half foot measure.
2. techn. A rectangular key fitting into grooves in a shaft and wheel or other attachment so as to allow longitudinal movement of the latter. Now esp. such a key that is formed integrally with the shaft; also, a corresponding recess in a hub along which the key may slide.
1864in Webster. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 339/1 The cutter-block..traverses as a slide on a spline down a huge boring-bar. 1909Kimball & Barr Elements Machine Design viii. 196 Sometimes it is desirable to have the hub free to slide axially along the shaft, but constrained to rotate with it. In such cases a feather or spline is used. 1932R. C. H. Heck in C. E. O'Rourke Gen. Engin. Handbk. xviii. 532 Often a gear has to slide along its shaft. The key in this service is called a spline or feather. 1952F. J. Camm Newnes Engineer's Ref. Bk. (ed. 5) 854 The efficiency of a spline for driving purposes is measured by the amount of contact made by the male and female splines. 1966G. W. Michalec Precision Gearing vii. 324 Generally, involute internal and external teeth are mated, but non⁓involute splines are also suitable. 1979Industrial Fasteners Handbk. i. 318 There are two basic forms of spline—straight-sided splines which may number 4, 6, 10 or up to 16 splines equally distributed around the circumference of a shaft, and serrated splines which are in the form of adjacent triangular teeth.
3. Math. Also spline curve. A continuous curve constructed so as to pass through a given set of points and have continuous first and second derivatives.
1946I. J. Schoenberg in Q. Appl. Math. IV. 48 For k = 4 they represent approximately the curves drawn by means of a spline and for this reason we propose to call them spline curves of order k. 1966Notices Amer. Math. Soc. XIII. 140 This paper extends and strengthens convergence properties previously published..for periodic splines and for nonperiodic splines satisfying general end conditions. 1978Nature 1 June 407/2 Cubic spline interpolation was applied at standard depths to 800 m.
Hence spline v. trans., to fit with a spline; to secure (a part) by means of a spline; splined ppl. a., provided with a spline or splines; ˈsplining vbl. n.; splining machine, one for cutting key-seats and grooves (Webster, 1864).
1891Cent. Dict., Spline v. 1901Shop & Foundry Practice II. §15. 14 Fig. 13 shows a jig designed for holding shafts for key-seating or splining, plain cutters being used for the purpose. Ibid. 15 The shafts..which are to be splined or key-seated, are laid into these grooves and are clamped. 1909N. Hawkins Mech. Dict. 529/2 Splined shaft, a shaft provided with a long feather way; as a splined feed rod on a lathe. 1920Autocar Handbk. (ed. 10) x. 125 In order to allow the gear wheels to drive the shaft on which they are placed, or vice versa, the latter is often grooved or ‘splined’. 1926Motor Man. (ed. 26) v. 82 The worm-wheel spindle emerges from the off side of the steering box, and splined thereto is a short lever, generally known as the drop arm. 1952P. S. Houghton Gears ix. 156 The length of bearing in an involute splined hub will depend upon the chosen materials. 1953Straight-Sided Splines & Serrations (B.S.I.) 5/2 If two shafts are splined to different fits by the same cutter..the radius of the arc at the root.. will vary slightly from the designed arc. 1967[see knock-off a. 2 b]. 1979Industrial Fasteners Handbk. i. 318 British Standard 3550:1963 specifies dimensions of involuted splined shafts and splined holes with a 30° pressure angle. |