| 释义 |
abstinence|ˈæbstɪnəns|
[a. Fr. abstinence, refashioned on OFr. astenance, astinence:—L. abstinentia, n. of quality f. abstinent-em, pr. pple. of abstinē-re. See abstain.]
1. a. The action or practice of abstaining or refraining; forbearance. Const. from (of obs.).
1382Wyclif Num. xxx. 14 That bi fastynge and abstynens of other thingis she traueyl hir soul. c1440Gesta Rom. (1838) i. ii. 7 Goode werkis of kyndnesse, abstinence fro synne, and almysdede. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. (1632) v. 388 Jewish Abstinence from certaine kinds of meates. 1692Dryden St. Eurem. Ess. 343 The true Devout Person breaks with Nature..to take pleasure in the abstinence of pleasures. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 397 There are no better rules than Abstinence from those things which occasion it. 1862Trench Miracles xv. 260 Abstinence from an outward work is not essential to the observance of a Sabbath.
b. spec. A forbearance from hostilities, an armistice or truce.
1419Sir W. Bardolph in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 23. I. 75 Duryng the abstinence of werr of viij dayys. 1469Paston Lett. 624 II. 379 I sent you a bill which concludith an abstinence of werre to be had unto Fryday last was. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1192/1 Mondaie the seuenteenth of June about eight of the clocke, an abstinence of warre was concluded. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. V. lvi. 116 The truce or abstinence..was continued by short additions to the end of the year.
2. absol. Forbearance of any indulgence of appetite, self-restraint:
a. continence (the oldest sense);
b. fasting;
c. the practice of abstaining from alcoholic beverages, also known as total abstinence.
c1300St. Brandan (1844) 35 There he ladde a full strayte and holi lyfe in grete penaunce and abstynence. 1340Ayenb. 236 Þet chastete ssel bi straytliche y-loked and wel wyþ-draȝe be abstinence [uorberinge]. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. 757 Agayns glotonye the remedie is abstinence. 1494Fabyan (1542) v. cxxxv. 120 She remeued to Ely, and there was abbesse, and lyued in great penaunce and abstynence. 1526Tindale Acts xxvii. 21 Then after longe abstinence, Paul stode forth in the myddes of them. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 259 Say, Can you fast? your stomacks are too young: And abstinence ingenders maladies. 1611Bible 2 Esdras vii. 55 The faces of them which haue vsed abstinence, shall shine aboue the starres. 1704Nelson Festivals & Fasts (1739) 434 No Abstinence can partake of the Nature of Fasting except there be something in it that afflicts us. 1837J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) III. xv. 231 Such light abstinences as come in our way. 1843Lytton Last of Bar. iii. v. 163 His table was supplied more abundantly and daintily than his habitual abstinence required. 1853Kingsley Hypatia Pref. 14 The passionate Eastern character, like all weak ones, found total abstinence easier than temperance.
3. Pol. Econ. The practice of abstaining from expenditure in order to accumulate capital.
[1848Mill Pol. Econ. I. i. v. 83 Suppose that every capitalist came to be of opinion that not being more meritorious than a well-conducted labourer, he ought not to fare better; and accordingly laid by, from conscientious motives, the surplus of his profits; or suppose this abstinence not spontaneous, but imposed by law or opinion upon all capitalists.] 1867J. Laing Theory of Business ii. 25 Cost..is resolvable into prior outlay, on account of labour, and ‘abstinence’. 1890A. Marshall Princ. Economics iv. vii. I. 289 That sacrifice of present pleasure for the sake of future, which is the chief cause of the accumulation of wealth, has been called abstinence by economists. 1899J. B. Clark Distrib. Wealth ix. 126 Abstinence is nothing more than electing to take out income in the form of wealth-creating goods, instead of that of pleasure-giving goods.
4. Special Comb.: abstinence syndrome Med., the group of physical symptoms that appear when a person who is addicted to a drug suddenly stops taking it; cf. withdrawal symptoms s.v. withdrawal 7.
[1929Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. XXXVI. 473 Abstinence symptoms are..due to the fact that stimulation of the nervous system, or increased irritability, outlasts the depression.] 1934Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 10 Nov. 1420/2 These observations included the presence and degree of the signs..which are pertinent to the *abstinence syndrome. 1955Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxiv. 34 Addicts..are more likely to talk when faced with the terrible abstinence syndrome in jail. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xi. 197 The abstinence syndrome [of chloral hydrate] resembles that seen after chronic alcohol usage. |