| 释义 |
spontaneity|spɒntəˈniːɪtɪ, -ˈneɪɪtɪ|
[ad. L. type *spontāneitas, f. spontāne-us. So F. spontanéité, It. spontaneità, Sp. espontaneidad, Pg. -idade.]
1. Spontaneous, or voluntary and unconstrained, action on the part of persons; the fact of possessing this character or quality.
1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 181 Thus we see how Bernard doth agree with Calvin in making the freedome of mans will to consist in a spontaneity, and a freedom from coaction. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace xxix. 504 He laid down his life with the greatest chearfulness and spontaneity that could be. 1702tr. Le Clerc's Prim. Fathers 348 Freedom, in his Opinion, is only a meer Spontaneity, and doth not imply a Power of not doing what one doth. 1789Belsham Ess. I. ix. 171 Physical liberty; by which he means the principle of spontaneity. 1804–6Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. xvii. (1850) 251 Actions performed without the spontaneity of the agent, are automatic. 1851Carlyle Sterling iii. vii, The general aspect of him indicated freedom, perfect spontaneity, with a certain careless natural grace. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 302 There is less energy and less spontaneity and originality.
2. Spontaneous or voluntary action or movement on the part of animals (or plants); activity of physical organs in the absence of any obvious external stimulus.
1721J. Clarke Orig. Mor. Evil 113 Because they [animals] have not the Power of abstract Reasoning..we call it generally Spontaneity. 1789E. Darwin Bot. Gard. ii. (1791) 153 See note on Collinsonia for other instances of vegetable spontaneity. 1793Cowper Let. 23 Feb., Considering more nearly, I found it [a minnow] alive, and endued with spontaneity. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 340 We regard the term Spontaneity as being less exceptionable than that of Instinct; but still it is a spontaneity that feeling has nothing to do with. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 168 The instincts and spontaneities of animals. 1877M. Foster Physiol. iii. v. (1878) 472 How absolutely devoid of spontaneity or irregular automatism is the spinal cord of the frog.
3. a. The fact or quality in things of being spontaneous in respect of production, occurrence, etc.
1751Johnson Rambler No. 131 ⁋12 Community of possession must include spontaneity of production. 1794Mrs. Piozzi Synon. II. 361 We cannot commend the opulence of the ground, but its richness and spontaneity. 1823Chalmers Serm. I. 129 Every constitutional desire would run out in the unchecked spontaneity of its own movements. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 546 The most conspicuous feature of these [tabetic] fractures is their spontaneity.
b. The fact or quality of coming without deep thought or premeditation.
1826J. Gilchrist Lect. 35 note, Many remarks..to which we had given some credit for originality and spontaneity. 1839Hallam Hist. Lit. iii. v. §7 Poets who, delighted with the spontaneity of their ideas, never reject any that arise. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets i. 2 Those poems of nascent nations,..marvellous in their infantine spontaneity. |